The ATLAS semiconductor tracker end-cap module Abdesselam, A.; Adkin, P.J.; Allport, P.P. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
06/2007, Letnik:
575, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The challenges for the tracking detector systems at the LHC are unprecedented in terms of the number of channels, the required read-out speed and the expected radiation levels. The ATLAS ...Semiconductor Tracker (SCT) end-caps have a total of about 3
million electronics channels each reading out every 25
ns into its own on-chip
3.3
μ
s
buffer. The highest anticipated dose after 10 years operation is
1.4
×
10
14
cm
-
2
in units of 1
MeV neutron equivalent (assuming the damage factors scale with the non-ionising energy loss). The forward tracker has 1976 double-sided modules, mostly of area
∼
70
cm
2
, each having
2
×
768
strips read out by six ASICs per side. The requirement to achieve an average perpendicular radiation length of 1.5%
X
0
, while coping with up to 7
W dissipation per module (after irradiation), leads to stringent constraints on the thermal design. The additional requirement of
1500
e
-
equivalent noise charge (ENC) rising to only
1800
e
-
ENC after irradiation, provides stringent design constraints on both the high-density Cu/Polyimide flex read-out circuit and the ABCD3TA read-out ASICs. Finally, the accuracy of module assembly must not compromise the
16
μ
m
(
r
φ
)
resolution perpendicular to the strip directions or
580
μ
m
radial resolution coming from the 40
mrad front-back stereo angle.
A total of 2210 modules were built to the tight tolerances and specifications required for the SCT. This was 234 more than the 1976 required and represents a yield of 93%. The component flow was at times tight, but the module production rate of 40–50 per week was maintained despite this. The distributed production was not found to be a major logistical problem and it allowed additional flexibility to take advantage of where the effort was available, including any spare capacity, for building the end-cap modules. The collaboration that produced the ATLAS SCT end-cap modules kept in close contact at all times so that the effects of shortages or stoppages at different sites could be rapidly resolved.
When Proposition 99 tobacco control program funding to state health departments was reduced in 1993, Contra Costa County developed a strategy to institutionalize its tobacco control programs in other ...organizations. This effort identified seven funding priorities and three stable, experienced community organizations "adopted" these priorities.
Case records of horses with muscle disorders presenting to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the University of California, Davis, over a nine year period were evaluated. The objectives of ...the review were to identify the common myogenic muscle problems and their clinical features. Muscle disease of idiopathic aetiology following exercise was by far the most common condition noted. Other causes of myogenic muscle disorders included congenital, infectious, immune-mediated and nutritional factors.
Ten hyperinsulinaemic ponies divided into conditioned (N = 5) and rested (N = 5) groups were evaluated for their insulin and glucose response following oral glucose administration at Weeks 0, 2, 4, ...and 6. All ponies received a controlled intake of a pelleted ration during the study. In both groups body weight had decreased from baseline by Week 4 and remained low. After 2 weeks of exercise, ponies in the conditioned group had significantly decreased insulin and glucose indices, including peak insulin response, area under the insulin curve from 0 to 210 min (TIS), and the TIS value: area under the glucose curve from 0 to 210 min. By Week 4 of conditioning, although the insulin and glucose indices continued to decrease in the exercised ponies, there was no significant difference between the groups. Over the first 6 weeks of the study all ponies improved their insulin sensitivity accompanied by a loss of body weight. The conditioned ponies were further evaluated during deconditioning at Weeks 8, 10 and 12. The improved insulin sensitivity was maintained during deconditioning.
Test beam results of 3D silicon pixel sensors for the ATLAS upgrade Grenier, P.; Alimonti, G.; Barbero, M. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
05/2011, Letnik:
638, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Results on beam tests of 3D silicon pixel sensors aimed at the ATLAS Insertable B-Layer and High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrades are presented. Measurements include charge collection, tracking ...efficiency and charge sharing between pixel cells, as a function of track incident angle, and were performed with and without a 1.6
T magnetic field oriented as the ATLAS inner detector solenoid field. Sensors were bump-bonded to the front-end chip currently used in the ATLAS pixel detector. Full 3D sensors, with electrodes penetrating through the entire wafer thickness and active edge, and double-sided 3D sensors with partially overlapping bias and read-out electrodes were tested and showed comparable performance.
3D-FBK pixel sensors: Recent beam tests results with irradiated devices Micelli, A.; Helle, K.; Sandaker, H. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
09/2011, Letnik:
650, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Pixel Detector is the innermost part of the ATLAS experiment tracking device at the Large Hadron Collider, and plays a key role in the reconstruction of the primary vertices from the collisions ...and secondary vertices produced by short-lived particles. To cope with the high level of radiation produced during the collider operation, it is planned to add to the present three layers of silicon pixel sensors which constitute the Pixel Detector, an additional layer (Insertable B-Layer, or IBL) of sensors. 3D silicon sensors are one of the technologies which are under study for the IBL. 3D silicon technology is an innovative combination of very-large-scale integration and Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems where electrodes are fabricated inside the silicon bulk instead of being implanted on the wafer surfaces. 3D sensors, with electrodes fully or partially penetrating the silicon substrate, are currently fabricated at different processing facilities in Europe and USA. This paper reports on the 2010 June beam test results for irradiated 3D devices produced at FBK (Trento, Italy). The performance of these devices, all bump-bonded with the ATLAS pixel FE-I3 read-out chip, is compared to that observed before irradiation in a previous beam test.
Ponies were evaluated for their response to feed withholding and exogenous administration of corticosteroids (dexamethasone 0.04 mg/kg intramuscular |IM|) in an attempt to reproduce the hyperlipemia ...syndrome. Because insulin resistance has been associated with hyperlipemia, all ponies were initially evaluated for insulin response to an oral glucose load and normal dexamethasone suppression of serum Cortisol. Four ponies were identified as hyperinsulinemic reflecting insulin resistance. All ponies had suppressed Cortisol concentrations following dexamethasone administration. Feed withdrawal resulted in hypertriglyceridemia by 48 hours in all ponies. Very low density lipoprotein‐triglyceride (VLDL) fraction was primarily elevated. The administration of dexamethasone failed to increase the degree of triglyceridemia. Although insulin resistance has been proposed as the likely cause of the hypertriglyceridemia in ponies, in this study four of eight ponies were considered to have normal insulin responses and yet still developed hypertriglyceridemia.
A 5-year-old stallion was referred because of signs of abdominal pain. During the initial examination, signs of pain were elicited when the right seminal vesicle was palpated per rectum. Signs of ...pain were also elicited during sexual arousal and attempts at semen collection. The right seminal vesicle was subsequently determined to be abnormal by ultrasonographic and endoscopic examination. The stallion was treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for 6 weeks. Five months later, there had been no recurrence of the condition.
Lifetime characteristics of Micro-Strip Gas Chambers Duerdoth, I.P.; Freestone, J.; Lumb, N. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
06/1997, Letnik:
392, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Accelerated ageing tests were performed on four test chambers using high intensity 8 keV X-rays. The effects of varying the following chamber parameters were investigated: strip metal (aluminium, ...gold), substrate type (Schott S8900, Desag D263) and gas mixture (
Ar
DME
,
Ne
DME
). After initial poor ageing results from an MSGC fabricated with aluminium strips on an S8900 substrate, chambers consistently withstood total deposited charge values in excess of 100 mC/cm, with no significant loss of gain.
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