A new method to correct the emulsion deformation, mainly produced in the development process, is developed to recover the high accuracy of nuclear emulsion as a tracking device. The method is based ...on a precise photomask and a careful treatment of the emulsion films. A position measurement accuracy of 0.6μm is obtained over an area of 5cm×7cm. The method allows to measure positions of track segments with submicron accuracy in an ECC brick with as few as 10 reference tracks for alignment. Such a performance can be important for hybrid emulsion experiments at underground laboratories where only a small number of reference tracks for alignment are available.
Water reuse in the food industry Bailone, R. L.; Borra, R. C.; Fukushima, H. C. S. ...
Discover Food,
12/2022, Letnik:
2, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Due to the significant growing demand for water, it is urgent to those in the food industry to consider a more rational and sustainable use of such a scarce natural resource. This chapter highlights ...alternative food processing methods that contemplate recycling and reusing water. Based on a systematic literature review, it highlights the adoption of cleaner production methods. The chapter focus on the meat and fresh produce sectors where evidence shows that water sustainability related methods is the most needed. Suggestions are proposed to minimize water waste through the treatment of effluents and decrease the impact of effluent pollution on the environment. In so doing, clear environmental and economic benefits could be achieved through the reduction of costs and value-adding to the final product. Yet, the implementation of Cleaner Production Methods would require support from the industry, policymakers, and consumers to encourage the recycling and reuse of water.
Summary
Background
The role in allergic asthma development of the immune response against fungi with concomitant exposure to other common aeroallergens has yet to be determined. In particular, there ...is little understanding of how inhaled fungi affect the host response to mite allergens.
Objective
To characterize the in vitro and in vivo effects of concurrent exposure of Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) and Dermatophagoides farinae (Derf) on dendritic cells (DCs) in the development of allergic asthma.
Methods
Murine bone marrow‐derived DCs were pulsed with Derf and/or live or heat‐inactivated Af. Cytokine production and the expression of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) were determined in vitro. Subsequently, these DCs were inoculated into the airway of naïve mice to assess the development of allergic airway inflammation in vivo. The effect of antibodies against PRRs was also evaluated.
Results
Live Af significantly enhanced IL‐10 production and the expression of Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 2 and Dectin‐1 in Derf‐pulsed DCs. Live Af infection significantly attenuated Derf‐pulsed DC‐induced allergic airway inflammation in vivo. Antibodies against either TLR2 or Dectin‐1 significantly reversed the inhibitory effects of live Af in the development of Derf‐pulsed DC‐induced allergic airway inflammation.
Conclusion
Concurrent exposure of DCs to fungal antigens has profound influences on the subsequent mite allergen‐induced allergic airway inflammation. Live Af could regulate the functions of airway DCs in the development of mite allergen‐induced allergic airway inflammation via regulation of their PRRs.
Our results suggest that concurrent exposure to pathogens such as fungi and mite allergens has profound influences on the subsequent allergen‐induced allergic airway inflammation. Furthermore, modulating PRR signalling could provide a therapeutic regimen for the development of asthma.
Cite this as: S. Fukahori, H. Matsuse, T. Tsuchida, T. Kawano, S. Tomari, C. Fukushima and S. Kohno, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1507–1515.
Summary
Background: The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to increase all over the world. Nonetheless, COPD is often misdiagnosed in general clinics because of ...insufficient use of spirometry.
Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of COPD in general clinics in Japan, we performed spirometry to screen patients who consulted general clinics.
Methods: Patients 40 years of age and older who consulted clinics in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, for non‐respiratory diseases and who met certain inclusion criteria had their airflow limitation measured by spirometry. We defined COPD as forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) over forced vital capacity (FVC) (FEV1/FVC) of < 70% in patients without active pulmonary disease, including physician‐diagnosed asthma.
Results: Of the 1424 patients included in the study, 193 (13.6%) showed airflow limitation. Airflow limitation was significantly related to older age, male gender and cumulative pack‐years. FEV1/FVC in patients with hypertension and chronic hepatitis were significantly lower than in patients without these diseases when adjusted for age, gender and pack‐years.
Conclusions: We showed that there are potentially a number of cases with COPD that are undiagnosed by general physicians in Japan. Measuring airflow limitation by spirometry in smokers with coexisting diseases, such as hypertension and chronic hepatitis, may be very beneficial because COPD is thought to be a systemic disease. The distribution of spirometers to general clinics is definitely needed to detect undiagnosed COPD.
To examine the correlation between histopathology and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measured tumor size and define whether patients with Stage IB1 cervical cancer with an MRI-measured tumor size < ...or = 2 cm can be candidates for less-radical surgery.
The authors retrospectively reviewed 200 patients with Stage IB1 cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy (class III) and pelvic lymphadenectomy. The largest diameter of the tumor was determined by MRI in 52 consecutive cases.
Regarding risk factors for parametrial involvement, only tumor size and age are known before definitive surgery without conization. Multivariate analysis of these risk factors revealed that both tumor size and old age were independently associated with parametrial involvement. Eighty-eight patients had a tumor size < or = 2 cm and an age < or = 50 years, two of which (2.3%) had parametrial involvement. In 52 consecutive patients, a significant correlation between histopathology- and MRI-measured tumor size was found (r = 0.787). Twenty-three patients had an MRI-measured tumor size < or = 2 cm, none of which had parametrial involvement.
Patients with Stage IB1 cervical cancer lesions with a tumor size < or = 2 cm measured by MRI and age < or = 50 years can be treated with less-radical surgery.
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