Vitamin K has been related to cardiovascular disease and cancer risk. However, data on total mortality are scarce. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between the dietary ...intake of different types of vitamin K and mortality in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular disease risk. A prospective cohort analysis was conducted in 7216 participants from the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study (median follow-up of 4.8 y). Energy and nutrient intakes were evaluated using a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire. Dietary vitamin K intake was calculated annually using the USDA food composition database and other published sources. Deaths were ascertained by an end-point adjudication committee unaware of the dietary habits of participants after they had reviewed medical records and linked up to the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to assess the RR of mortality. Energy-adjusted baseline dietary phylloquinone intake was inversely associated with a significantly reduced risk of cancer and all-cause mortality after controlling for potential confounders (HR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.96; and HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.90, respectively). In longitudinal assessments, individuals who increased their intake of phylloquinone or menaquinone during follow-up had a lower risk of cancer (HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.95; and HR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.64, respectively) and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.73; and HR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.73, respectively) than individuals who decreased or did not change their intake. Also, individuals who increased their intake of dietary phylloquinone had a lower risk of cardiovascular mortality risk (HR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.86). However, no association between changes in menaquinone intake and cardiovascular mortality was observed (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.44, 1.29). An increase in dietary intake of vitamin K is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular, cancer, or all-cause mortality in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular disease risk. This trial was registered at http://www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN35739639.
To study the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces (high, medium and low contact) and airs in non-sanitary spaces with high public influx to evaluate the risk of environmental contagion.
Surfaces and ...airs were analysed by RT-qPCR to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2.
394 surfaces and air samples were obtained from spaces with high public influx such as offices, shopping centres and nursing homes. The virus was not detected in any of the samples analysed.
Although we cannot emphatically conclude that there is no risk of environmental 27 infection by SARS-CoV-2 in non-sanitary spaces, we can affirm that the risk is almost non- existent.
Estudiar la presencia de SARS-CoV-2 en superficies (alto, medio y bajo contacto) y aires de espacios no sanitarios pero de elevada afluencia de público para evaluar el riesgo de contagio ambiental.
Se ha realizado el análisis de las superficies y de los aires por RT-qPCR para detectar la presencia de SARS-CoV-2. 10
Se obtuvieron 394 superficies y 23 muestras de aire de espacios de alta afluencia de personas como oficinas, centros comerciales y residencias de ancianos. El virus no fue detectado en ninguna de las muestras analizadas.
Aunque no podemos concluir rotundamente que no existe un riesgo de infección ambiental por SARS-CoV-2 en espacios no sanitarios, sí que podemos afirmar que el riesgo es casi nulo.
Malnutrition is a clinical problem with a high prevalence in hospitalized adult patients. Many nutritional screening tools have been developed but there is no consensus on which 1 is more useful. The ...purpose of this review protocol is to provide an overview of which nutritional screening tool is most valid to identify malnutritional risk in hospitalized adult patients and to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of the different tools.
The protocol of this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered on the INPLASY website (https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2020-9-0028/) and INPLASY registration number is INPLASY202090028. We will perform a systematic literature search of main databases: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science and the Cochrane database. Also, grey literature will be search. Peer-reviewed studies published in English, Portuguese or Spanish language will be selected. Screening of titles, abstract and full text will be assessed for eligibility by 2 independent blinded reviewers and any discrepancies will be resolved via consensus. After screening the studies, a meta-analysis will be conducted, if it is possible.
Results from this systematic review will help health professionals to identify malnutrition in hospitalized patients and to make decisions to prevent or treat it as well as provide new clues to researchers.
Our systematic review will provide aknowledge about the most valid malnutrition risk screening tool in hospitalized adult patients.
Studies on long-term effects of plants grown at elevated CO₂ are scarce and mechanisms of such responses are largely unknown. To gain mechanistic understanding on respiratory acclimation to elevated ...CO₂, the Crassulacean acid metabolism Mediterranean invasive Opuntia ficus-indica Miller was grown at various CO₂ concentrations. Respiration rates, maximum activity of cytochrome c oxidase, and active mitochondrial number consistently decreased in plants grown at elevated CO₂ during the 9 months of the study when compared to ambient plants. Plant growth at elevated CO₂ also reduced cytochrome pathway activity, but increased the activity of the alternative pathway. Despite all these effects seen in plants grown at high CO₂, the specific oxygen uptake rate per unit of active mitochondria was the same for plants grown at ambient and elevated CO₂. Although decreases in photorespiration activity have been pointed out as a factor contributing to the long-term acclimation of plant respiration to growth at elevated CO₂, the homeostatic maintenance of specific respiratory rate per unit of mitochondria in response to high CO₂ suggests that photorespiratory activity may play a small role on the long-term acclimation of respiration to elevated CO₂. However, despite growth enhancement and as a result of the inhibition in cytochrome pathway activity by elevated CO₂, total mitochondrial ATP production was decreased by plant growth at elevated CO₂ when compared to ambient-grown plants. Because plant growth at elevated CO₂ increased biomass but reduced respiratory machinery, activity, and ATP yields while maintaining O₂ consumption rates per unit of mitochondria, we suggest that acclimation to elevated CO₂ results from physiological adjustment of respiration to tissue ATP demand, which may not be entirely driven by nitrogen metabolism as previously suggested.
The effect of above-normal body mass index (BMI) on health outcomes is controversial because it is difficult to distinguish from the effect due to BMI-associated cardiovascular risk factors. The ...objective was to analyze the impact on 10-year incidence of cardiovascular disease, cancer deaths and overall mortality of the interaction between cardiovascular risk factors and BMI. We conducted a pooled analysis of individual data from 12 Spanish population cohorts with 10-year follow-up. Participants had no previous history of cardiovascular diseases and were 35–79years old at basal examination. Body mass index was measured at baseline being the outcome measures ten-year cardiovascular disease, cancer and overall mortality. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for potential confounders, considering the significant interactions with cardiovascular risk factors. We included 54,446 individuals (46.5% with overweight and 27.8% with obesity). After considering the significant interactions, the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease was significantly increased in women with overweight and obesity Hazard Ratio=2.34 (95% confidence interval: 1.19–4.61) and 5.65 (1.54–20.73), respectively. Overweight and obesity significantly increased the risk of cancer death in women 3.98 (1.53–10.37) and 11.61 (1.93–69.72). Finally, obese men had an increased risk of cancer death and overall mortality 1.62 (1.03–2.54) and 1.34 (1.01–1.76), respectively. In conclusion, overweight and obesity significantly increased the risk of cancer death and of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease in women; whereas obese men had a significantly higher risk of death for all causes and for cancer. Cardiovascular risk factors may act as effect modifiers in these associations.
•Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and overall death.•Cardiovascular risk factors modify the effect of obesity on adverse health outcomes.•BMI presents a dose-response pattern with no healthy pattern of increased weight.
The influence of the botanical origin (French oak: Quercus petraea and American oak: Quercus alba) and different toasting levels (light, medium and heavy) on the ellagitannin content of wines aged in ...oak barrels has been studied. This took place in two consecutive vintages in order to study what happens after the barrels have been already used for one year with another wine. This study was carried out with two red wines (Cabernet Sauvignon) and with two decolored white wines (Macabeo) from vintages 2012 and 2013 in order to work with a simpler matrix which facilitates chemical analysis. The results show that the botanical origin, toasting level and the number of times that the barrels have been used exert a major influence on the final ellagitannin concentration. In general, the behavior of all the individual ellagitannins was very similar to that described for the total ellagitannins. Briefly, the levels of total ellagitannins concentration in the decolored white wine aged for 12months in new French barrels ranged between 31.2mg/L in the lightly toasted and 4.7mg/L in the heavy toasted. In contrast, these levels were quite lower in American new barrels ranging between 3.6mg/L and 0.9mg/L. Finally, the total ellagitannin concentration decreased an average of 63% in the wines aged in the one year used barrels.
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•Wine ellagitannins were analyzed by HPLC (DAD-UV–vis and MS/MS detection).•Two botanical origins were studied: French oak and American oak.•Three toasting levels were used: light, medium and heavy.•New barrels and 1-year used barrel were studied.•Ellagitannin content depends on botanical origin, toasting and the use of barrels.
There is limited information on health service use or patient-reported outcomes when comparing the effectiveness of laparoscopic with that of open surgery. The aim was to compare the effectiveness of ...laparoscopic with that of open surgery up to 2 years after intervention in patients with colon cancer.
Prospective cohort study of patients with colon cancer who underwent surgery (laparoscopic or open surgery) between June 2010 and December 2012, at 22 hospitals. Main outcomes of the study were mortality, complications, reoperation, readmission, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), as measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Duke-UNC, EuroQol-5D, and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Q30 and Q29 at baseline, and 30 days and 1 and 2 years after surgery. Multivariable multilevel logistic regression and generalized linear models were used in analyses after adjusting for specific propensity scores developed for each outcome and time point.
In the multivariable analysis, the complication rates up to 30 days (infectious, surgical, and medical) and 1 year (surgical), and readmission rate at 30 days and at 2 years were higher among patients who underwent open surgery than among those who underwent laparoscopic surgery. There were no differences between the two surgical approaches in all other parameters assessed and in changes of all PROMs.
Though in most outcomes both surgical approaches provide similar results up to 2 years after intervention, still the rates of some complications and readmission, mainly up to 30 days, are higher in open surgery.
NCT02488161.
En esta investigación se analizan distintas noticias sobre sexualidad, género, religión e interculturalidad en televisiones españolas. Metodología. Se realiza un análisis del discurso de las ...distintas identidades enmarcadas en las mencionadas categorías. A continuación, en distintos grupos discusión se analizan las interpretaciones que hacen las audiencias de dichas noticias. Finalmente, a su vez, analizamos mediante el método Delphi la opinión de distintos expertos sobre estas mismas noticias. Resultados y Discusión. Gracias al análisis del discurso se desvelan las representaciones y los estereotipos mediáticos que las audiencias y expertos identifican fácilmente. Conclusiones. Hay que señalar que tanto las audiencias como los expertos fueron muy críticos con las piezas sometidas a su interpretación, y percibieron claramente las insuficiencias y los estereotipos utilizados. Sin embargo, sobre todo las audiencias de mayor edad, a la hora de abordar dichos temas en general suelen tener los mismos prejuicios que denuncian en los informativos.
•Middle Neolithic cave occupation in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula.•Micromorphological analyses conducted to understand fire uses and management at Cova de les Pixarelles.•Correlation of ...archaeological and micromorphological data on the use of space in Level XXII.
Combustion structures are a key element in archaeology for understanding the articulation of the social spaces of past societies since they allow us to approach domestic activities, given their role in daily life production and consumption practices. In the last years, the study of hearths and other combustion features has been enriched by applying a set of new methodologies, which has made it possible to delve deeper into its study and know both the activities involved in its use and the management.
In this article, we present the results of a micromorphological study carried out at the Cova de les Pixarelles site (Tavertet, Barcelona). The aim is to contribute to the knowledge of the use of space and rhythms of occupation of the Middle Neolithic societies in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula by studying combustion structures and their management. The exceptional conservation of the remains in strata of highly organic composition due to the formation of travertine layers in the periods when the cave is not occupied constitutes this cave as a benchmark for occupations in karst cavities during recent prehistory in the region. More specifically, we will focus on Level XXII, consisting of a thick accumulation of ashes and faunal remains, among other utilitarian elements. Therefore, the ethnographic vision of the use of the cavity in the economic and social cycle is deepened by the first results of the micromorphological analysis and the rest of the archaeological record, which points to an intense occupation with several episodes of use related to several combustion features and changes in space management with possible specific purposes.
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