Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease characterized by the loss of bone mass and deterioration of the internal structure of the bone, increasing the risk of fractures, and is becoming an economic ...and social problem. The main treatment is pharmacological, however, the population demands other therapies, such as foods with nutrients beneficial to bone health. Seventy-eight healthy menopausal women at risk of osteoporosis or untreated osteopenia were recruited for a randomized, parallel, double-blind clinical trial with two intervention groups: one group consumed a serving a day of the experimental enriched product (experimental group (EG)) and the other group (control group (CG)) consumed the same product without enrichment. The main objective was to compare the effect of consuming a dairy preparation to reconstitute, similar to yogurt when prepared, enriched in calcium, vitamin D, vitamin K, vitamin C, zinc, magnesium, L-leucine and probiotic (
) on bone metabolism markers for 24 weeks. The EG showed a significantly increased bone mass compared to the CG (0.01 ± 0.03 vs. -0.01 ± 0.03 kg;
0.05). In addition, the EG maintained their bone mineral density (BMD) compared to the CG, whose BMD significantly decreased at the end of the study. For biochemical markers, the EG significantly increased the serum levels of the N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) bone formation marker (13.19 ± 25.17 vs. -4.21 ± 15.62 ng/mL;
0.05), and decreased the carbo-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx) bone resorption marker compared to the CG (-0.05 ± 0.19 vs. 0.04 ± 0.14 ng/mL;
0.05). On the other hand, the EG exhibited a significantly decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to the start of the study. Finally, the EG significantly increased their dietary calcium and vitamin D intake compared to the CG. In conclusion, the regular consumption of a dairy product to reconstitute enriched with bioactive nutrients improves bone health markers in menopausal women at risk of osteoporosis without pharmacological treatment.
The aim of this study was to compare the metabolic benefits of diabetes-specific formulas (DSF) high in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) with standard formulas (STDF) in adult patients with type 1, ...type 2 diabetes or stress-induced hyperglycaemia.
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted through a literature search using different electronic databases from the index date to December 2018. We included randomised controlled trials that assessed the health benefits of high MUFA DSF vs STDF. Included outcomes were glycaemic control, lipid metabolism and tolerance. Effect sizes were calculated as standardised mean differences (SMDs) (<0.4 were considered small, 0.4–0.7 moderate and >0.7 large). This systematic review was registered as CRD42018108931 on Prospero.
Of 385 references reviewed, 18 studies involving 845 adults met our inclusion criteria and contributed to the meta-analysis. Use of a high MUFA DSF compared with a STDF was associated with a statistically significant decrease in peak of postprandial glucose SMD −1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) −2.44 to −0.61, incremental glucose response (SMD −1.19, 95% CI −1.71 to −0.68), area under the curve of plasma insulin (SMD −0.65, 95% CI −1.03 to −0.26), mean blood glucose level (SMD −0.41, 95% CI −0.63 to −0.19), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) change (SMD −0.63, 95% CI −1.21 to −0.05), glucose variability (SMD −0.93, −1.55 to −0.31), mean administered insulin dose (SMD −0.49, 95% CI −0.85 to −0.14), mean blood triglycerides (SMD −0.34, 95% CI −0.65 to −0.03) and increase of mean blood high-density lipoproteins (SMD +0.42, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.76). Non-significant differences were found for tolerance odds ratio (OR) 0.95, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.05.
This meta-analysis shows that a DSF (oral supplements and tube feeds) high in MUFAs can improve glucose control and metabolic risk factors among patients with diabetes or stress-induced hyperglycaemia compared with a STDF.
This study examines the value of a goat cheese naturally enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (n-3 PUFA and conjugated linolenic acid (CLA)) as means of improving cardiovascular and ...inflammatory health. Sixty-eight overweight and obese subjects (BMI ≥ 27 and <40 kg/m
), with at least two risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a lipid panel blood tests, participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel designed study. The subjects consumed for 12 weeks: (1) 60 g/d control goat cheese and (2) 60 g/d goat cheese naturally enriched in n-3 PUFA and CLA. Diet and physical activity were assessed. Anthropometric and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) tests were performed. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of the study period. Changes in health status, lifestyle and dietary habits, and daily compliance were recorded. The consumption of a PUFA-enriched goat cheese significantly increased plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, as well as in apolipoprotein B, and it significantly decreased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations compared to the control goat cheese (
< 0.05). The significant improvement of the plasma lipid profile and inflammatory status of people with risk for CVD due to the consumption of PUFA-enriched cheese suggests a potential role of this dairy product as an alternative to develop high nutritional value food in a balanced diet comprising regular exercise.
Some studies have reported that milk and dairy product consumption reduces bladder cancer incidence, whereas others have reported null or opposite findings. This meta-analysis of 26 cohort and ...case-control studies has been conducted to pool the risk of the association between milk and dairy products and bladder cancer. A systematic search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Web of Science (from inception to 30 April 2018) was conducted. Random-effects models were used to compute pooled estimates of RR for high or medium compared with low consumption of milk and dairy. Sensitivity analyses were conducted. Subgroup analyses were performed based on type of dairy, gender, geographic location, and type of study design. Random-effects meta-regression was used to evaluate other confounding factors. Overall, medium compared with low consumption was associated with lower pooled risk of bladder cancer for total dairy products (RR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.98), milk (RR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.98), and fermented dairy products (RR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.96). The inverse association for milk consumption was stronger in Asians (RR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.98) and in cohort design studies (RR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.99). Moreover, high compared with low consumption was significantly associated with a lower pooled risk for milk (RR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.98) and fermented dairy products (RR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.94). However, high compared with low consumption of whole milk was significantly associated with a higher risk (RR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.38). The statistical heterogeneity was considerable. In conclusion, the present meta-analysis suggests a decreased risk of bladder cancer associated with medium consumption of total dairy products and with medium and high consumption of milk and fermented dairy products. An increased risk of bladder cancer was observed with high consumption of whole milk. Interpretations of the results should be made with caution. This review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero as CRD42018097020.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypocholesterolemic, immune- and microbiota-modulatory effect of a mushroom extract in hypercholesterolemic subjects.
Methods
A randomized, ...controlled, double-blind, and parallel clinical trial was carried out with subjects from 18 to 65 years old (
n
= 52) with untreated mild hypercholesterolemia. Volunteers consumed a β-
d
-glucan-enriched (BGE) mixture (10.4 g/day) obtained from shiitake mushrooms (
Lentinula edodes
) ensuring a 3.5 g/day of fungal β-
d
-glucans or a placebo incorporated in three different commercial creams.
Results
This mixture showed hypocholesterolemic activities in vitro and in animal studies. After eight weeks intervention, no significant differences in lipid- or cholesterol-related parameters were found compared to placebo subjects as well as before and after the BGE mixture administration. No inflammatory or immunomodulatory responses were noticed and no changes in IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α or oxLDL were recorded. However, consumption of the BGE mixture was safe and managed to achieve the dietary fibre intake recommended as cardiovascular protective diet. Moreover, the BGE mixture modulated the colonic microbiota differently compared to placebo. Microbial community composition varied from before to after the intervention with several genera being positively or negatively correlated with some biomarkers related to cholesterol metabolism.
Conclusion
These results suggested a relation between cholesterol metabolism, microbiota and BGE administration. Nevertheless, the precise significance of this differential modulation was not fully elucidated and requires further studies.
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) and Punicalagin (PC) exert cardioprotective and anti-atherosclerotic effects. This study evaluates the effect of oral supplementation with HT and PC (SAx) on early atherosclerosis ...markers in middle-aged, seemingly healthy adults. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was performed for 20 weeks. There were two treatment sequences (Placebo/SAx, n = 41; SAx/Placebo, n = 43) for which the intervention periods (Placebo and SAx) were 8 weeks long, followed by a 4-week wash out period. The supplement was composed of 9.9 mg of HT and 195 mg of PC, and the placebo was composed of maltodextrin. SAx increased endothelial function (Flow-mediated dilatation FMD: 2.36%;
< 0.001) in the endothelial dysfunction subgroup compared to the placebo (2.36 ± 3.9 vs. 0.76 ± 3.5%,
< 0.05). SAx also reduced oxLDL by -28.74 ng/mL (
< 0.05) in subjects with higher levels of oxLDL, which was an improvement compared with the placebo (-28.74 ± 40.2 vs. 25.64 ± 93.8 ng/mL,
< 0.001). The prehypertension and hypertension subgroups exhibited decreased systolic (-15.75 ± 9.9 mmHg;
< 0.001) and diastolic (-6.36 ± 8.7 mmHg;
< 0.001) blood pressure after SAx consumption. Moreover, the systolic prehypertension and hypertension subgroups presented significant differences in systolic blood pressure compared to the placebo (-15.75 ± 9.9 vs. -2.67 ± 12.0 mmHg,
< 0.05). In conclusion, the supplement exerted anti-atherosclerotic effects by improving endothelial function, blood pressure, and levels of circulating oxLDL, especially for persons in whom these parameters were altered.
Background
Diabetes and older age are associated with an increased risk of malnutrition and mortality. Recently, the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) provided a 2‐step approach for ...the malnutrition diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to determine whether GLIM nutrition status at admission was associated with long‐term survival in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Additionally, we aimed to identify which GLIM criteria were more able to become prognostic indicators of early or late death.
Methods
Our study included a convenience sample of 159 patients with T2DM older than 65 years and admitted to the internal medicine wards of different Spanish hospitals: the VIDA‐survival cohort. Nutrition status was retrospectively assessed with the new GLIM criteria. The main outcome was long‐term mortality in the cohort during an 8‐year follow‐up. Bivariate tables summarized the variables of interest. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves and adjusted Cox regressions were also performed.
Results
According to the GLIM criteria, we observed that the 35.8% and 16.3% of the VIDA‐survival cohort were categorized as having moderate and severe malnutrition, respectively. Severe malnutrition was associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio HR = 2.09; 95% CI, 1.29–3.38), compared with nonmalnourished participants. Moderate malnutrition had a neutral effect on all‐cause mortality (HR = 1.30; 95% CI, 0.88–1.92). Low plasma albumin levels, a surrogate marker of inflammation, were strongly associated with early mortality.
Conclusion
Our study provides evidence that severe malnutrition according to GLIM criteria is associated with increased long‐term all‐cause mortality among elderly individuals with T2DM.
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) and punicalagin (PC) exert cardioprotective and antiatherosclerotic effects. This study evaluated the effect of an oral supplement containing HT and PC (SAx) on dyslipidemia in an ...adult population. A randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial was conducted over a 20-week period. SAx significantly reduced the plasma levels of triglycerides (TG) in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia (≥150 mg/dL) (from 200.67 ± 51.38 to 155.33 ± 42.44 mg/dL; p < 0.05), while no such effects were observed in these subjects after the placebo. SAx also significantly decreased the plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in subjects with high plasma levels of LDL-C (≥160 mg/dL) (from 179.13 ± 16.18 to 162.93 ± 27.05 mg/dL; p < 0.01), while no such positive effect was observed with the placebo. In addition, the placebo significantly reduced the plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the total population (from 64.49 ± 12.65 to 62.55 ± 11.57 mg/dL; p < 0.05), while SAx significantly increased the plasma levels of HDL-C in subjects with low plasma levels of HDL-C (<50 mg/dL) (from 44.25 ± 3.99 to 48.00 ± 7.27 mg/dL; p < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplement containing HT and PC exerted antiatherosclerotic and cardio-protective effects by considerably improving dyslipidemia in an adult population, without co-adjuvant treatment or adverse effects.
Summary Background & aims The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) recently provided new diagnosis criteria of malnutrition and called to confirm those criteria in specific ...populations. The aims of our study were 1) to determine the prevalence of malnutrition according to the new ESPEN definition in elder hospitalized diabetic patients, and 2) to evaluate whether this new diagnosis of malnutrition predicted clinical outcomes in these patients. Methods 1014 hospitalized diabetic patients (≥65 years) from 35 hospitals in Spain were screened for being at risk of malnutrition using the short version of the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Subsequently, at risk individuals were considered malnourished if they met at least one of the two options: 1) body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2 , or 2) unintentional weight loss >5% of their body weight with reduced BMI (<20 kg/m2 in subjects younger than 70 years or <22 kg/m2 in subjects older than 70 years). Results The new ESPEN definition, with MNA-SF as initial screening, identified 68 malnourished geriatric individuals with diabetes (6.73% of the cohort). Additionally, malnutrition lengthened the hospital stay, increased 2.7 times the odds of dying in hospital, and decreased to one third the odds of being discharged home. Conclusions Our study confirms that the new ESPEN definition for the diagnosis of malnutrition is a reliable tool that is capable of predicting clinical outcomes in a large population of elder hospitalized individuals with diabetes.
Nutritional composition and nutritional claims of Canary Islands banana Fernández Cruz, Edwin; López Plaza, Bricia; Santurino, Cristina ...
Nutrición hospitalaria : organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral,
2021-Dec-09, Letnik:
38, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Objectives: Canary Islands bananas represent the only native cultivar of Musa spp. present in Spanish territory. Since 2013, it has the Protected Geographical Indication label, which confers an ...additional value to this fruit. Bananas from the Canary Islands have certain organoleptic properties that make them stand out from among other commonly consumed Musa spp. However, to date, no studies have been reported including an extended nutritional composition of this product. Methods: the present work shows the main nutritional components of bananas from the Canary Islands as determined by different analytical techniques (mainly liquid chromatography, spectroscopy, spectrophotometry, and polarimetry) when at their best in terms of ripeness (grade 6). Moreover, potential nutrition claims relating to their composition were proposed using the current legislation. Results: the fruit's remarkable content, edible portion, in vitamin B6 (0.52 g/100 g), dietary fiber (2.22 g/100 g), potassium (419.9 mg/100 g), and vitamin C (12.35 mg/100 g) should be highlighted. Additionally, these components could appear on nutritional labeling as claims, according to current European regulations. Conclusions: a daily consumption of one Canary Islands banana contributes to the recommended dietary intake of vitamin B6, vitamin C, potassium, and dietary fiber. The high nutritional value of this fruit enhances its presence in the Mediterranean eating pattern, being remarkable as a local product with excellent nutritional properties.
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