This paper explores the determinants of vacant subsidised housing in Jakarta. In a long race with the ever-growing housing backlog in Indonesia, in 2010, the government in partnership with private ...developers and banks, launched a subsidised housing provision programme. Affordable fixed-price houses with very low interest rates and down-payments were made available to individuals with low incomes. However, between 2010 and 2016, approximately one-fifth of the total purchased subsidised houses remained vacant. A snowball sampling method was used to recruit respondents in the Greater Metropolitan Jakarta Area, with whom semi-structured interviews were then conducted. The focus of this paper is the determinants that make low-income families reluctant to move into subsidised housing. The research has identified socio-cultural context and mistargeted beneficiaries as determinants, complementing existing literature on vacant housing and housing provision policy.
The immense wave of urbanization and the limited formal job opportunities available in large Asian cities have led to the proliferation of street vending activities, which are often controversial and ...sometimes illegal due to their occupation of public space. The Kutek Sunday Market in Depok municipality, Indonesia was forced to move from a busy university location to a relatively secluded residential neighbourhood. Despite this disadvantage, the market has continued to attract sizeable business. This case study, based on extensive field observation and interviews, describes how the market location was selected and how it is spatially arranged to meet the needs of vendors, residents, and shoppers. The paper shows how local residents and vendors creatively developed an open-ended, self-organized system to manage the complex tasks involved in operating the market and to adapt to fluctuations in the number and characteristics of vendors and shoppers. Although the system is highly praised as an effective tool for informal economy survivability, its limited planning capacity requires cooperation with other parties to overcome unanticipated challenges. Cooperation among stakeholders has maximized the benefits and minimized the drawbacks of informal economic activities in a public space.
This study seeks to interpret the presence of social capital and collective efficacy among residents of neighbourhoods in the Greater Metropolitan Jakarta Area (GJMA) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A ...quantitative study was undertaken by surveying 922 GJMA residents on the basis of their perception of the improvement of five components of social capital. During this period, neighbourhood residents improved their social capital and practised collective efficacy in several concrete forms to meet their common goals and procure the required goods. Although this study finds the shared values and norms, social network size, mutual aid and trust, civic engagement and participation in activities improved during the pandemic, the level of monthly income and marital and tenurial status implicated the quality of social ties and capital.
Zaradi močnega vala urbanizacije in omejenih možnosti formalne zaposlitve v velikih azijskih mestih se čedalje bolj krepi ulična prodaja, ki je zaradi neodobrene uporabe javnega prostora pogosto ...sporna in nezakonita. Nedeljska tržnica v Kuteku v indonezijski občini Depok se je morala z lokacije zraven univerze, na kateri je bilo običajno polno ljudi, preseliti v razmeroma odmaknjeno stanovanjsko sosesko, kjer pa prodajalci še vedno precej dobro poslujejo. Študija primera, predstavljena v tem članku, temelji na obsežnih terenskih opazovanjih in intervjujih ter pojasnjuje, kako je bila izbrana nova lokacija tržnice in kako je prostorsko urejena, da lahko zadovoljuje potrebe prodajalcev, stanovalcev in kupcev. V članku je predstavljeno, kako so stanovalci in prodajalci razvili inovativen, odprt in samoorganiziran sistem upravljanja tržnice, ki se prilagaja spreminjajočemu se številu in lastnostim prodajalcev in kupcev. Čeprav sistem velja za učinkovito orodje, ki omogoča uspevanje sive ekonomije, zaradi omejenih načrtovalskih zmožnosti zahteva sodelovanje z drugimi deležniki, na podlagi česar se lahko rešujejo nepričakovani izzivi. Sodelovanje med deležniki je povečalo koristi in zmanjšalo slabosti sive ekonomije v javnem prostoru.
This paper examines vernacular governance and spatial transformations of low-cost apartments (LCAs). LCAs are a plausible solution to housing shortages for the urban poor in cities that face ...constantly increasing land values and limited space. Although prohibited by law, various spatial transformations occur to meet immediate needs. This case study addresses the practice of vernacular governance in the spatial transformations of LCAs through the vernacularisation by nomotropism to meet residents’ needs and solve their problems without the government’s complicated bureaucracy. Atomisation occurs from the neighbourhood to the molecular scale, among next-door neighbours and by creating multiple, distinctive vernacular governances on each LCA floor. This study offers a new perspective on housing policy in terms of distributing decision making to the community, thus creating flexible appropriation of space to meet residents’ ever-changing and immediate needs.
Vertical housing has been considered an effective way to provide low-income housing in many megacities. As part of an effort to implement contextual architectural design, vertical housing projects in ...Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, incorporated shared kitchens and bathrooms as observed in Indonesian kampong (slum) settlements. However, the residents eventually converted their shared kitchen spaces to other uses and constructed kitchens in their individual units. This research study investigated the nature of and reasons for such transformations through quantitative and qualitative data collection among residents of three vertical housing projects in Surabaya. We found that disputes over upkeep and rules of use, along with perceived invasions of privacy, precipitated the abandonment of shared kitchens. Residents could not retrofit their shared bathrooms for structural reasons, but they renegotiated a payment system (based on flat fees rather than actual usage) that they considered unfair. Interviews revealed significant differences in implementation between the shared facilities in vertical housing and the voluntary shared arrangements in the kampongs. The facility and management modifications that occurred in vertical housing, which applied bottom-up contextual design by considering users’ needs and sensitivities, indicate the complexity of applying a contextual design process into practice.
Gated communities (GCs) have been demonized as a malicious form of urban segregation because they provide a secure neighbourhood and exclusive facilities. The objective of the Indonesian government ...policy related to balanced housing is to create mixed-income housing in order to foster interaction between social classes in neighbourhoods and reduce the alarming social gap. is study seeks to validate the occurrence of social interaction among different economic strata in a mixed-income GC. To understand social interaction among its residents, the reasons why residents from different economic strata selected their housing are examined. The research methodology includes a post-occupancy evaluation in a mixed-income GC in Cibubur, West Java, Indonesia, an area known for its high quality neighbourhoods and facilities. This study identifies security as a major housing preference factor for many people living in a mixed-income GC. However, the reduced exclusivity of such facilities decreases their usage frequency, giving rise to trans-cluster social interaction within the same class. This finding contradicts the objective of the balanced housing policy because the residents interact with others in a similar social class beyond the segregated walls of the housing clusters.
Ograjena naselja veljajo za škodljivo obliko urbane segregacije, saj so to varovane stanovanjske soseske z ekskluzivno infrastrukturo. Cilj indonezijske vladne politike, povezane z zagotavljanjem ...cenovno uravnotežene stanovanjske oskrbe, je ustvariti stanovanjske komplekse ali naselja z ekonomsko mešano sestavo prebivalstva, ki spodbujajo interakcijo med družbenimi sloji in zmanjšujejo cedalje vecje socialne razlike. Namen clanka je potrditi pojav družbene interakcije med socialno-ekonomskimi sloji v naseljih z ekonomsko mešano sestavo prebivalstva. Za boljše razumevanje družbene interakcije med stanovalci so avtorji najprej proucili razloge za izbor tovrstne stanovanjske soseske, in sicer za vsak socialno-ekonomski sloj posebej. Za to so uporabili metodo vrednotenja po vselitvi na primeru ograjenega naselja v Cibuburju v Zahodni Javi, ki je znan po dobri kakovosti stanovanjskih sosesk in infrastrukture. Izsledki raziskave kažejo, da je varovanje še vedno glavni razlog za to, zakaj se ljudje odlocijo živeti v tovrstnem ograjenem naselju. Zaradi manjše ekskluzivnosti naselja pa je cedalje manjša tudi pogostost uporabe tamkajšnje infrastrukture in površin, pripadniki posameznih družbenih slojev pa se raje kot s stanovalci istega stanovanjskega kompleksa v naselju družijo s pripadniki istega sloja v drugih stanovanjskih kompleksih, kar se ne ujema s cilji politike cenovno uravnotežene stanovanjske oskrbe.
Buying a home is becoming more difficult in urban areas across the globe, including in Indonesian cities. However, some rental housing remains relatively affordable. Although affordable rental ...apartments for low-income individuals are being built on many parts of the Indonesian archipelago, the housing supply cannot satisfy escalating demand. Many municipal governments limit tenancy duration to enable more low-income individuals to find housing. However, this policy encourages renters to share rooms. Qualitative content analysis shows that the tenancy durations of low-income renters are longer than the limit established by municipal governments, which indicates that volatile life-course events do not necessarily drive housing pathways. The heads of households conduct a Community Economy Collective in the form of rental home sharing with relatives in a series of rental tenancies in high-density kampung settlements. These findings help identify additional determinants of low-income residents' unpredictable housing pathways, which implicate the duration of tenancy for their sequential home sharing in the city.
This study establishes an alternative intra-migration stage for urban renters. Existing intra-migration literature focuses on increasing monthly incomes as the major determinant of housing mobility. ...Housing adjustment theory suggests that housing mobility results from experiencing normative housing deficit due to a discrepancy between housing priorities and housing conditions. A major factor in changing housing priorities is increasing monthly income. However, many renters continue to live in the same long-lease rental accommodation. A case study in a high-density Jakarta slum investigates increasing monthly incomes, changing housing priorities and the implications for housing mobility. Regression and descriptive analyses demonstrate that increasing monthly incomes and changing housing priorities do not lead to housing mobility because of strong social ties among slum inhabitants. Instead, renters mutate conventional intra-migration patterns with distinctive characteristics and housing priorities. This study complements existing literature, arguing that social relationships are essential and that public policy should seek physical improvements to neighbourhoods to ensure better living conditions.
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