This study illustrates the possible topical therapy of OLP with cyclosporine A under bioadhesive gel formula. The treatment was carried out on 6 patients for 8 weeks in much lower (48 mg/day) than ...those used by other authors. The novelty of this study lies in the use of a bioadhesive formula with carbosymethylcellulose which allows CsA to remain on oral mucosa for about two hours. The remarkable results have shown a reduction ranging from 50 to 80% of oral lesions, thus proposing its specific use in all the forms resisting usual therapy.
•The study location has potential geological reservoirs for CO2 storage.•CO2 emitting sources located at considerable distances from the storage sites.•The shale-carbonate hybrid geological reservoir ...idea will increase CO2 storage potentials.•The presented algorithms can be reliable to predict the CO2 storage capacities in the shale and carbonate rocks.
The injection and permanent storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs is a norm in atmospheric CO2 reduction practices. Currently, in the Irati Formation, there are no hydrocarbon production events; therefore, this study applies detailed petrophysical and seismic evaluations to present the algorithms for predicting CO2 storage potentials of the shale and carbonate reservoirs. There are studies involving the overview of the CO2 storage potential of the study location; however, an exhaustive presentation such as this is novel in the region. It proposes the shale-carbonate hybrid geological reservoir to maximise the storage capacity by reducing the geological constraints associated with thin-bedded layers, inadequate overburdens, water saturation (Sw), fault distributions, total organic content (TOC), and porosity (Ф). It reveals that the geological and other carbon capture and storage (CCS) related parameters presented for the conceived hybrid reservoir conform to the CO2 storage criteria considering the research results and existing atlases. The study shows average values for Ф (8.2% in shale and 13.1% in carbonates), TOC (8.8% in shale and 5.6% in carbonate) and reservoir thickness (13.7 m for shale and 15.4 m for carbonate) involving an estimated area of 4.3 × 109 m2. It presents an average value of 13.0% for Sw at depths ≥950 m, and the estimated CO2 storage capacity of the hybrid geological reservoir is 13.58 Gt. Therefore, the results of this study will assist in making an informed decision concerning the actualisation of CO2 storage within the Irati Formation and related geological units, especially in the absence of pre-determined data from hydrocarbon production.
Failure of inherently protective cellular processes and misfolded protein-associated stress contribute to the progressive loss of dopamine (DA) neurons characteristic of Parkinson’s disease (PD). A ...disease-modifying role for the microbiome has recently emerged in PD, representing an impetus to employ the soil-dwelling nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, as a preclinical model to correlate changes in gene expression with neurodegeneration in transgenic animals grown on distinct bacterial food sources. Even under tightly controlled conditions, hundreds of differentially expressed genes and a robust neuroprotective response were discerned between clonal C. elegans strains overexpressing human alpha-synuclein in the DA neurons fed either one of only two subspecies of Escherichia coli. Moreover, this neuroprotection persisted in a transgenerational manner. Genetic analysis revealed a requirement for the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-mediated gene silencing machinery in conferring neuroprotection. In delineating the contribution of individual genes, evidence emerged for endopeptidase activity and heme-associated pathway(s) as mechanistic components for modulating dopaminergic neuroprotection.
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•Bacterial diet alters α-synuclein-induced Caenorhabditis elegans dopamine neuron loss•Even a subspecies-level distinction in Escherichia coli diet alters expression of >500 genes•Neuroprotective dietary effects can be transmitted in a transgenerational manner•Neuroprotection conferred by bacterial diet requires import of dsRNA into cells
Neuroscience
We propose and demonstrate a novel temporal simplified optical correlator. All-optical packet-header recognition of 4-bit patterns at 100 Gb/s is accomplished, and modeling of the system indicates ...that scaling to 8-bit patterns at 1 Tb/s can be readily achieved.
Invasive rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) have spread rapidly throughout inland lakes of North America with detrimental effects on several native fishes. To test for the potential to control this ...species, we conducted an experimental removal of rainbow smelt in Sparkling Lake, Wisconsin during 2002–2009. We combined intensive spring harvest of rainbow smelt with an effort to increase predation on this invasive through restricted angler harvest of walleye and increased stocking of walleye (Sander vitreus). Over 4,170 kg of rainbow smelt were harvested during the experiment; up to 93% of adults were removed annually. We observed a significant decline in rainbow smelt gillnet catches during the removal. However, rainbow smelt relative abundances began increasing upon cessation of the removal effort. Bioenergetics modeling suggested that despite achieving higher than the regional average walleye densities, walleye consumed only a fraction of the rainbow smelt standing stock biomass. Our findings suggest that removal of rainbow smelt from invaded lakes may be difficult, and reinforce the importance of prevention as a strategy to limit the expansion of this invasive fish.
Studies performed on subjects with IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity to penicillins have demonstrated a 1% rate of cross‐reactivity between penicillins and both imipenem and meropenem, while a single ...study found a 5.5% rate of cross‐reactivity with imipenem/cilastatin in subjects with T‐cell‐mediated hypersensitivity to β‐lactams, mostly penicillins. We studied 204 consecutive subjects with a well‐demonstrated T‐cell‐mediated hypersensitivity to assess the cross‐reactivity with carbapenems and the tolerability of such alternative β‐lactams. All 204 subjects underwent skin tests with imipenem/cilastatin and meropenem; 130 of them were skin‐tested also with ertapenem. Subjects with negative test results were challenged with these carbapenems. All subjects displayed negative skin tests to carbapenems and tolerated challenges. These data demonstrate the absence of clinically significant T‐cell‐mediated cross‐reactivity between penicillins and carbapenems. Negative delayed‐reading skin testing with carbapenems in individuals with documented T‐cell‐mediated hypersensitivity to penicillins correlates well with subsequent clinical tolerance of therapeutic doses of carbapenems.
Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are already playing an important role in our daily activities as we use them and rely on them to increase our abilities, connectivity, productivity and quality ...of life. However, there are still obstacles to achieving a unique interface able to transfer full control to users given the diversity of protocols, properties and specifications in the varied IoT ecosystem. Particularly for the case of home automation systems, there is a high degree of fragmentation that limits interoperability, increasing the complexity and costs of developments and holding back their real potential of positively impacting users. In this article, we propose implementing W3C’s Web of Things Standard supported by home automation ontologies, such as SAREF and UniversAAL, to deploy the Living Lab Gateway that allows users to consume all IoT devices from a smart home, including those physically wired and using KNX® technology. This work, developed under the framework of the EC funded Plan4Act project, includes relevant features such as security, authentication and authorization provision, dynamic configuration and injection of devices, and devices abstraction and mapping into ontologies. Its deployment is explained in two scenarios to show the achieved technology’s degree of integration, the code simplicity for developers and the system’s scalability: one consisted of external hardware interfacing with the smart home, and the other of the injection of a new sensing device. A test was executed providing metrics that indicate that the Living Lab Gateway is competitive in terms of response performance.
A series of 40 lesions of various kinds as lichen planus are examined using samples stained with trichromic test. HLA-DR expression with immunoperoxidase technique and direct immunofluorescence using ...the standard techniques. The aim of the study was to discover the usefulness for diagnosis of direct immunofluorescence, above all in histologically uncertain cases. The results suggest the view that direct immunofluorescence is essential for diagnosis of lichen planus, in all clinical aspects. The author concludes with description of clinical proceeding for differential diagnosis between white and erosive lesions of mouth.
Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane, a crop largely dependent on chemical control for its maintenance. The insecticide fipronil and herbicide 2,4-D stand out among the most commonly used ...pesticides and, therefore, environmental consequences are a matter of concern. The present study aimed to investigate the toxicity mechanisms of Regent® 800 WG (a.i. fipronil) and DMA® 806 BR (a.i. 2,4-D) pesticides using forced and non-forced exposures through an integrative approach: firstly, to assess whether contamination by fipronil and 2,4-D can trigger the avoidance behavior of the fish Danio rerio (zebrafish) and Hyphessobrycon eques (serpae tetra or mato-grosso). Additionally, the effects on fish were analyzed considering the swimming behavior together with a biomarker of neurotoxicity, the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In avoidance tests with pesticide gradients, D. rerio avoided the highest concentrations of the two compounds and H. eques avoided only the highest concentration of 2,4-D. The swimming behavior (distance moved) was reduced and AChE was inhibited when D. rerio was exposed to fipronil. The 2,4-D affected the swimming (maximum speed) of H. eques, but AChE was not altered. Avoidance response seemed not to have been affected by possible effects of contaminants on swimming behavior and Ache activity. This study showed the importance of knowing the avoidance capacity, swimming behavior and neurotoxic effects of pesticides on fish in an integrated and realistic context of exposure in environments contaminated with pesticides and can be useful as ecologically relevant tools for ecological risk assessment.
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•Toxicity and avoidance of fipronil and 2,4-D were studied in D. rerio and H. eques.•Environmentally relevant concentrations of fipronil were repellent for D. rerio.•D. rerio and H. eques avoided 2,4-D concentrations.•Fipronil affected the swimming behavior of D. rerio and 2,4-D of H. eques.•Fipronil inhibited the enzymatic activity of AChE in D. rerio but not in H. eques.
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