The Marof archaeological site, which dates back to the 1st–5th centuries ce, lies 10 km SE of the Roman settlement of Emona of Regio X (Venetia and Histria). In addition to other artefacts, several ...stone blocks were recovered. The blocks include worked (shaped) and unworked (natural forms) objects. The provenance of these stones was determined based on their lithological characteristics. The analysis shows that the stone is of Early Jurassic age. While the worked blocks are lithologically diverse and extracted from several sources located within a 10 km radius, the unworked blocks are lithologically homogeneous and originate from the site.
The purpose of this study was to identify the ostracod assemblage from a 43 m thick section of the Bizeljsko Formation, which constitutes the middle part of the Upper Miocene Posavje Group. The ...succession comprises sandstone, siltstone, and marlstone, deposited in a delta front environment. The determined ostracods belong to the families Cyprididae, Cytheridae, Darwinulidae, and Loxoconchidae. In total, 30 species were identified. Additionally, 8 morphotypes were determined at the genus level. The most common genera are Candona, Hemicytheria, and Cyprideis. The assemblage belongs to the Caspiocypris labiata subzone from the upper Pannonian. The ostracod assemblage from the Krško Basin is similar in species composition to Pannonian ostracod assemblages from Croatia and Serbia.
Over the course of studying stone products from the Roman colony of Emona (Regio X), stratigraphically undefined calcarenite that was used to make simple sepulchral and architectural stone products ...was detected. The calcarenite used is late Aptian to early Cenomanian in age. The corresponding facies were found in the Lower Flyschoid Formation outcropping near the town of Medvode, within the local radius of Emona. The Roman quarry was likely located in this area near the Sava River. According to the collected data, the quarry was in operation mainly in the 1st century.
This study presents the results of the conodont biostratigraphy and microfacies analysis carried out on the pelagic limestones of the Upper Triassic Dov?ko Section in Slovenia, which represents the ...eastern part of the Slovenian Basin. The age of the section ranges from the Lacian 1 to the Alaunian 1. The Lacian part of the succession is predominantly characterized by the representatives of the genus Ancyrogondolella. Transitional morphologies towards Alaunian faunas first appear in the Lacian 3 and become common during the Lacian-Alaunian transition. This evolutionary development coincides with a shift in microfacies from a dominantly radiolarian-bearing mudstone-wackestone-packstone to a filament-dominated wackestone-packstone, and the formation of small neptunian dykes, which may re-flect environmental perturbations and/or a change in basin geometry. The proliferation of the genera Epigondolella and Mockina is observed in the Alaunian part of the section, though the genus Ancy-rogondolella is still present in this interval. Systematic description of the conodont taxa is provided, and seven new species and two new subspecies are established. The new advances will be of great value in further biostratigraphic studies, especially in areas without ammonoid faunas, and in the reconstruc-tion of the paleogeography of the Slovenian Basin.
In the Kamnik-Savinja Alps (Slovenia), the Lower Serla Dolomite laterally passes into a succession of thin- to medium-bedded bituminous limestones of the Velika planina member. The finely laminated ...lower part of this member contains well-preserved actinopterygian fish and sauropterygian remains. The research aimed to determine the sedimentological and palaeoenvironmental characteristics of the depositional basin on the basis of three detailed sedimentological sections logged atop the Velika planina plateau. The Velika planina member is underlain by a whitish to light grey, thick bedded to massive dolomite with oncoids, stromatolites, and lumachellas deposited under peritidal to shallow subtidal conditions. The lower part of the Velika planina member consists of thin, often platy, finely laminated beds of bituminous mudstone. The Chondrites ichnofossil is very common; however, in some beds numerous lingulid brachiopods, bivalves, and crinoids were observed. Fossil vertebrates and crustaceans are relatively rare and confined to a few levels. Ammonoids are very rare. Subordinate beds of intraclastic-peloid wackestone to packstone, intraclastic-bioclastic grainstone, and bivalve floatstone occur. Slumps are common. Upwards, bedding gradually becomes thicker and bioturbation more common. Finally, stromatolites, birdseye fenestrae, and oncoids reappear. The entire succession is confined to the early to middle Anisian by the foraminifer Citaella dinarica (KOCHANSKY-DEVIDÉ & PANTIĆ). The absence of breccias at the base of the Velika planina member, the gradual transition upwards into shallow marine carbonates, as well as the presence of sauropterygians of the order Nothosauroidea suggest deposition in a relatively shallow basin. The finely laminated facies of the lower part of the member indicates a stratified water column, with oxygenated near-surface waters and hypoxic to anoxic conditions near the sea floor.
Benthic foraminifera are common and distinct elements of Late Triassic reefs. It has been observed that different subenvironments of carbonate platforms contain different associations. These, ...however, have never been a focus of a taphonomic study. The assessment of taphonomic processes affecting benthic foraminifera along a transect of the Rhaetian reef-rimmed platform on Mount Begunjščica in Slovenia is based on thin-section analyses. The foraminiferal assemblage of the open lagoon consists primarily of autochthonous and parautochthonous specimens. Boring into the tests' interior and cyanobacterial encrustation are characteristic of areas with low sedimentation rates. Foraminifera found in tidal-inlet channels transecting the lagoon were accumulated from adjacent subenvironments and are characterized by abrasion. Back-reef sand and interstices of the lithoclastic rudstone of the central-reef area contain the most diverse foraminiferal assemblages, consisting of mixed parautochthonous and allochthonous specimens. Whereas back-reef sandstone beds contain species typical for the back-reef and the central-reef areas, the central-reef breccia contains a distinctively high proportion of Galeanella, Decapoalina (former “Sigmoilina”), and Alpinophragmium. Understanding the post-mortem processes that modified foraminiferal taphocoenoses allows us to consider these factors in future paleoecological studies of Late Triassic foraminifera.
The architecture and composition of Middle to lower Upper Triassic platforms is often obscured by dolomitization. Hence, comparatively little is known about their architectures compared to their size ...and geographic extent. An active quarry near Lesno Brdo (central Slovenia) offers an excellent exposure of Lower Carnian (Julian) massive limestone, which is diagenetically little altered. A detailed microfacies analysis along a 15.5-m log revealed the presence of three facies types: fine-grained limestone as a groundmass, blocks and globular masses of sponge-microbialite boundstone, and lens-like aggregations of polychaete (terebellid) tubes. Sponge-microbialite boundstone contains a rather small number of cosmopolitan sponge taxa, solenoporacean red algae, microproblematica, bryozoans, and a small proportion of dwelling fauna. Instead, stromatolites represent the main constituent. While some blocks appear to have truncated margins, others show mammillary-like protrusions of microbialites into the surrounding sediment, suggesting active growth of microbialite-producing organisms. Aggregations of terebellid worm tubes show a highly irregular relief, with tubes placed sub-parallel to the ancient sea floor. The presence of fibrous rim cement, crystal silt, and in some cases fragmentation of the tubes, suggest at least moderately energetic waters. Aggregations are thus interpreted as preserved in situ, but not in toto. The entire complex was probably deposited at the margin or upper slope of a carbonate platform. Although the presence of a large number of terebellids associated with microbialites boundstone may indicate some sort of environmental stress, such a stress remains to be identified.
Naravni kamen so v okolici Ljubljane (Emona) izkoriščali in uporabljali že v rimskem obdobju. Na tem območju so ohranjeni številni kamniti spomeniki iz tistega časa. V članku je predstavljena analiza ...kamnine dveh nagrobnih stel, najdenih na južnem obrobju Ljubljanskega barja, na Ižanskem: nagrobnik za Kviemonija in njegovo družino iz cerkve sv. Janeza Krstnika v Podkraju pri Tomišlju in nagrobnik za Petona z Marofa na Igu (sekundarni najdišči). Na podlagi makroskopskega in mikroskopskega opisa sklepamo, da je spomenik iz Podkraja izklesan iz litiotidnega apnenca spodnjejurske starosti, spomenik z Iga pa iz ooidnega apnenca, ki po starosti sodi v vrhnji del spodnje jure ali v srednjo juro. Oba litološka različka najdemo na južnem obrobju Ljubljanskega barja, pri čemer je najbolj verjetno nahajališče litiotidnega apnenca okolica Podpeči.
The Carnian Amphiclina beds of the eastern Southern Alps mostly consist of shale and sandstone deposited in the deep-marine Slovenian Basin, which was located near the western margin of the Meliata ...Ocean. In the vicinity of Cerkno (Slovenia), blocks of massive or crudely bedded limestone crop out within a succession of clastic rocks that are several hundred meters thick. Sponge-microbialite boundstone and coral pillarstone are the predominant facies within these blocks. Oncoid floatstone-rudstone and moderately sorted peloid packstone form crudely layered parts of the blocks, whereas intraclast-cortoid packstone and poorly sorted peloid packstone occur locally in cross-stratified thin beds, truncated at block margins. Detailed mapping further shows that limestone blocks form units at discrete stratigraphic levels within shale and that these units are variable in thickness. Whereas the largest blocks mostly lie concordant to the bedding, smaller blocks are poorly sorted and randomly oriented. All of this evidence suggests that the limestone blocks are olistoliths, derived from an outer platform margin and/or uppermost slope.
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