Aim: This study was to determine the roles of inflammatory cytokines in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in modulating sympathetic activity, blood pressure and cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex ...(CSAR).
Methods: Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded in anaesthetized rats with bilateral sinoaortic denervation and vagotomy. The CSAR was evaluated by the RSNA response to epicardial application of bradykinin (BK). The levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured with ELISA.
Results: The PVN microinjection of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (PIC), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α or interleukin (IL)‐1β, increased the baseline MAP and RSNA, and enhanced the CSAR. Anti‐inflammatory cytokines (AIC), IL‐4 or IL‐13, in the PVN only increased the baseline MAP. In the rats pretreated with TNF‐α or IL‐1β but not in the rats pretreated with IL‐4 or IL‐13, sub‐response dose of angiotensin II caused significant increases in the MAP and RSNA and enhancement in the CSAR. AT1 receptor antagonist losartan in the PVN attenuated the effects of angiotensin II, TNF‐α and IL‐1β, but not the effects of IL‐4 and IL‐13. Stimulation of cardiac sympathetic afferents with epicardial application of BK increased the levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β but not IL‐4 in the PVN.
Conclusion: TNF‐α or IL‐1β in the PVN increases blood pressure and sympathetic outflow and enhances the CSAR, which is partially dependent on the AT1 receptors, while IL‐4 or IL‐13 in the PVN only increases blood pressure. There is a synergetic effect of Ang II with TNF‐α or IL‐1β on blood pressure, sympathetic activity and CSAR.
Composite multiphase solid (MS) inclusions composed of carbonate and silicate minerals have been found for the first time in metamorphic garnet from ultrahigh‐P eclogite from the Dabie orogen. These ...inclusions are morphologically euhedral to subhedral, and some show relatively regular shapes approaching the negative crystal shape of the host garnet. Radial fractures often occur in garnet hosting the inclusions. The inclusions are primarily composed of variable proportions of carbonate and silicate minerals such as calcite, quartz, K‐feldspar and plagioclase, with occasional occurrences of magnetite, zircon and barite. They are categorized into two groups based on the proportions of carbonate and silicate phases. Group I is carbonate‐dominated with variable proportions of silicate minerals, whereas Group II is silicate‐dominated with small proportions of carbonates. Trace element analysis by LA‐ICPMS for the two groups of MS inclusions yields remarkable differences. Group I inclusions exhibit remarkably lower REE contents than Group II inclusions, with significant LREE enrichment and large fractionation between LREE and HREE in the chondrite‐normalized REE diagram. In contrast, Group II inclusions show rather flat REE patterns with insignificant fractionation between LREE and HREE. In the primitive mantle‐normalized spidergram, Group I inclusions exhibit positive anomalies of Zr and Hf, whereas Group II inclusions show negative anomalies of Zr and Hf. Nevertheless, both groups exhibit positive anomalies of Ba, U, Pb and Sr, but negative anomalies of Nb and Ta, resembling the composition of common continental crust. Group I inclusions have higher Ba and U contents than Group II inclusions. Combined with petrological observations, the two groups of MS inclusions are interpreted as having crystallized from composite silicate and carbonate melts during continental subduction‐zone metamorphism. The differences in trace element composition between the two groups are primarily attributed to the proportions of carbonate and silicate phases in the MS inclusions. The silicate melts were derived from the breakdown of hydrous minerals such as paragonite and phengite, whereas the occurrence of carbonate melts indicates involvement of carbonate minerals in the partial melting and thus has great bearing on recycling of supracrustal carbon into the mantle. The coexistence of silicate and carbonate melts in the eclogitic garnet provides insights into the nature of hydrous melts in the subduction factory.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is considered to be a frequently diagnosed cancer in males with high mortality worldwide, but the molecular mechanism responsible for prostate tumorigenesis and progression ...remains unclear. Increasing evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in PCa. In this review, we focus on the current advances about the role of miRNAs in regulating tumorigenesis and progression of PCa, mainly in suppressing or promoting PCa growth and metastasis, and maintaining the pluripotency of PCa stem cells (PCSC). More studies on miRNAs will provide a better understanding of their regulatory mechanisms in PCa.
•We model thermal performance of U-pipe evacuated solar tube.•Temperature distribution along fine circumferential direction is in consideration.•Tube size parameters affects on thermal efficiency is ...studied.•Mass flow rate optimal design is analyzed.•Tube thermal parameters adaptation to metrological condition is proposed.
This paper proposes a mathematical model for predicting the thermal performance of U-pipe evacuated solar tube (UpEST) collector, which takes into account the temperature distribution along the tube axis and radius. Furthermore, the modeling predictions were validated using experimental data. Theoretical results agreed well with the measured results that validated the feasibility of the mathematical model. The dependence of the thermal efficiency on meteorological conditions and important tube design parameters, including tube size, thermal characteristics (flow rate, heat loss coefficient, absorption coefficient of the selective absorbing coating), was investigated. In particular, the adaptation of collector thermal parameters to meteorological conditions was analyzed. The analysis results will be helpful for UpEST collector optimization design and application.
This study aims to investigate the impact of four exercise modes (aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, aerobic combined with resistance multimodal exercise, and stretching) on the physical ...performance of cancer patients.
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were exclusively collected from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library, with a search deadline of April 30, 2023. Different exercise interventions on the physical performance of cancer patients were studied, and the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was employed to evaluate the quality of the included literature. Data analysis was conducted using STATA 15.1 software.
This study included ten randomized controlled trials with a combined sample size of 503 participants. Network meta-analysis results revealed that aerobic combined with resistance multimodal exercise could reduce fat mass in cancer patients (SUCRA: 92.3%). Resistance exercise could improve lean mass in cancer patients (SUCRA: 95.7%). Furthermore, resistance exercise could enhance leg extension functionality in cancer patients with sarcopenia (SUCRA: 83.0%).
This study suggests that resistance exercise may be more beneficial for cancer-related sarcopenia.In clinical practice, exercise interventions should be tailored to the individual patients' circumstances.
This review was registered on INPLASY2023110025; DOI number is https://doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.11.0025 .
Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is involved in several pathological activities associated with tumor progression and chemoresistance, however, the role and molecular mechanism of Gal-1 activity in hepatocellular ...carcinoma (HCC) epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and sorafenib resistance remain enigmatic. In the present study, forced Gal-1 expression promoted HCC progression and sorafenib resistance. Gal-1 elevated αvβ3-integrin expression, leading to AKT activation. Moreover, Gal-1 overexpression induced HCC cell EMT via PI3K/AKT cascade activation. Clinically, our data revealed that Gal-1 overexpression is correlated with poor HCC survival outcomes and sorafenib response. These data suggest that Gal-1 may be a potential therapeutic target for HCC and a biomarker for predicting response to sorafenib treatment.
Polymeric metal coagulants are increasingly being used to improve coagulation efficiency, yet the research on the development of titanium and particularly polytitanium salts remains limited. This ...study is the first attempt in the synthesis, characterization, and application of polytitanium salts as coagulants. Polytitanium tetrachloride (PTC) solutions with different basicity values B (OH/Ti molar ratio) were prepared using a slow alkaline titration method. Jar tests were conducted to assess coagulation performance using both synthetic and real raw water samples, and the floc characteristics were monitored online using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. Electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) was utilized to identify various Ti species, with the results providing strong evidence of the presence of various hydrolyzed Ti species in the titanium aqueous phase. Compared to titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), higher or comparable turbidity and organic matter removal efficiency could be achieved by PTC with improved floc characteristics in terms of size, growth rate, and structure. Besides, the water pH after PTC coagulation was significantly improved toward neutral pH. This study indicates that PTC is an effective and promising coagulant for water purification. Besides, the PTC flocculated sludge was able to recycle and produce functional TiO2 photocatalyst.
Tumor metastasis is the main reason of cancer-related death for gastric cancer (GC) patients and gene expression microarray data indicate that kinesin family member 26B (KIF26B) is one of the most ...upregulated genes in metastatic GC samples. Specifically, KIF26B expression was upregulated in a stepwise manner from non-tumorous gastric mucosa, primary GC tissues without metastasis, via primary GC tissues with metastasis, to secondary lymph node metastatic (LNM) foci. Increased expression of KIF26B was correlated with tumor size, positive LNM or distant metastases and poor prognosis. KIF26B, negatively regulated by miR-372, promoted GC cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations confirmed that the main target of KIF26B was the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway, particularly by inhibition or overexpression of VEGFA, PXN, FAK, PIK3CA, BCL2 and CREB1. Thus, KIF26B, a novel oncogene regulated by miR-372, promotes proliferation and metastasis through the VEGF pathway in GC.
Abstract
A recent focus of quantum spin liquid (QSL) studies is how disorder/randomness in a QSL candidate affects its true magnetic ground state. The ultimate question is whether the QSL survives ...disorder or the disorder leads to a “spin-liquid-like” state, such as the proposed random-singlet (RS) state. Since disorder is a standard feature of most QSL candidates, this question represents a major challenge for QSL candidates. YbMgGaO
4
, a triangular lattice antiferromagnet with effective spin-1/2 Yb
3+
ions, is an ideal system to address this question, since it shows no long-range magnetic ordering with Mg/Ga site disorder. Despite the intensive study, it remains unresolved as to whether YbMgGaO
4
is a QSL or in the RS state. Here, through ultralow-temperature thermal conductivity and magnetic torque measurements, plus specific heat and DC magnetization data, we observed a residual
κ
0
/
T
term and series of quantum spin state transitions in the zero temperature limit for YbMgGaO
4
. These observations strongly suggest that a QSL state with itinerant excitations and quantum spin fluctuations survives disorder in YbMgGaO
4
.
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