•Effects of Cu were investigated in two different exposure ways.•Single application of Cu displayed more toxicity to microorganisms than repeated addition.•Higher microbial tolerance to tylosin was ...formed in repeated-Cu addition.•Degradations of antibiotics in soil were dependent on microbial activity.
In order to be more practical on evaluating the response of soil microbial communities to Cu contamination, we compared the microbial activity and selection for the microbial tolerance after a high level Cu exposure in single and corresponding repeated addition. It was shown that the activities of microorganisms in soils were largely inhibited by the exposure of Cu in a level of 32.9mmol/kg. Specifically, single application displayed larger toxicity and longer-term effects on the microbial activity than the same amount of Cu that were repeatedly added by several times. Moreover, microbial tolerances to Cu and tylosin were observed in the soils contaminated by Cu. The repeated addition of Cu caused a higher tolerance to tylosin than that in a single addition, suggesting the repeated exposure has mitigated the toxicity and promote the selection for tolerant bacteria. Finally, it was observed that the organic pollutant (e.g. sulfadiazine) was degraded in the soils in an increasing order of sterilization<single-Cu addition<repeated-Cu addition<control, which was in agreement of microbial activities and emphasized the influence of Cu exposure on the soil function.
Abstract Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and its global incidence and mortality rates remain high. The differential expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) can ...affect the development of cancer, but the mechanisms by which circRNAs regulate lung cancer progression remain unclear. In this study, we identified circSORBS1, a circRNA that has not been previously described in lung cancer and is significantly underexpressed in lung cancer tissues, blood and cell lines, and the low expression of circSORBS1 correlated with tumour grade and prognosis. In vitro and in vivo functional experiments revealed that circSORBS1 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation and migration while enhancing apoptosis. Mechanistically, circSORBS1 acts as a sponge for miR-6779-5p, indirectly inhibiting RUFY3 mRNA degradation. Simultaneously, it binds to RUFY3 mRNA to enhance its stability. This dual regulatory mechanism leads to an increase in RUFY3 protein levels, which ultimately activates the YWHAE/BAD/BCL2 apoptotic signalling pathway and suppresses lung cancer progression. Our findings not only increase the knowledge about the regulatory pattern of circRNA expression but also provide new insights into the mechanisms by which circRNAs regulate lung cancer development.
Steroid estrogen residues (SEs) in the soil have attracted growing attention because of their potential for endocrine disruption. Soil organic matter (SOM) and soil remediation agent-biochar, both ...have important influences on the fate of SEs in the soil environment. This study compared the adsorption of 17β-estradiol (E2) on wheat straw biochar (W-BC) and cow manure biochar (C-BC) with main SOM components including biomacromolecules (cellulose, collagen and lignin) and humic acids (HA). The impact of pyrolysis temperature (350 °C, 550 °C, and 700 °C) on the adsorption capacity of biochar and different concentrations NaClO oxidation on the adsorption capacity of HA were also investigated. The experimental results showed that the adsorption of E2 by biomolecules conformed to the linear isotherm (R2 > 0.88), and the adsorption of E2 on biochars and HA were well described by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm (R2 > 0.94). Meanwhile, the order of the E2 adsorption capacity of sorbents was W-BC > C-BC > HA > lignin > collagen > cellulose. The adsorption capacity of biochar and SOM for E2 increased with the enhancement of aromaticity and hydrophobicity and the reduction of polarity. In addition, the increase of pyrolysis temperature of biochars also promoted the adsorption capacity of E2, while oxidation treatment with NaClO reduced the adsorption capacity of HA to E2. These results deepened the understanding of the adsorption behaviour of E2 on SOM and biochar, and expanded the understanding of the behaviour of SEs in the soil environment.
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•The adsorption of E2 by different organic components in the soil environment was studied.•The adsorption performance order of E2 on the different SOM and biochar is biochar > HA > LIG > COL > CEL.•The oxidation of NaClO decreased the adsorption capacities of HA on E2.•The high-temperature pyrolysis treatment increased the adsorption capacities of biochar on E2.
High aromaticity, high hydrophobicity and low polarity will increase the adsorption capacity of biochar and SOM to E2.
FHY3 and its homologous protein FAR1 are the founding members of FRS family. They exhibited diverse and powerful physiological functions during evolution, and participated in the response to multiple ...abiotic stresses. FRF genes are considered to be truncated FRS family proteins. They competed with FRS for DNA binding sites to regulate gene expression. However, only few studies are available on FRF genes in plants participating in the regulation of abiotic stress. With wide adaptability and high stress-resistance, barley is an excellent candidate for the identification of stress-resistance-related genes. In this study, 22
were detected in barley using bioinformatic analysis from whole genome. According to evolution and conserved motif analysis, the 22
could be divided into subfamilies I and II. Most promoters of subfamily I members contained abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate response elements; however, a large number promoters of subfamily II contained gibberellin and salicylic acid response elements.
, one of the members of subfamily II, exhibited a expression advantage in different tissues, and it was most significantly upregulated under drought stress.
PCR revealed that
is mainly expressed in the root epidermal cells, as well as xylem and phloem of roots and leaves, indicating that
may be related to absorption and transportation of water and nutrients. The results of subcellular localization indicated that
was mainly expressed in the nuclei of tobacco epidermal cells and protoplast of arabidopsis. Further, transgenic arabidopsis plants with
overexpression were generated to verify the role of
in drought resistance. Under drought stress, leaf chlorosis and wilting, MDA and O
contents were significantly lower, meanwhile, fresh weight, root length, PRO content, and SOD, CAT and POD activities were significantly higher in
-overexpressing arabidopsis plants than in wild-type plants. Therefore, overexpression of
could significantly enhance the drought resistance in arabidopsis. These results suggested that
may play a key role in drought resistance in barley by increasing the absorption and transportation of water and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. This study provided a theoretical basis for drought resistance in barley and provided new genes for drought resistance breeding.
Abstract
Effectively achieving wound healing is a great challenge. Herein, we facilely prepared temperature-responsive MXene nanobelt fibers (T-RMFs) carrying vitamin E with a controllable release ...ability for wound healing. These T-RMFs were composed of MXene nanosheets spread along polyacrylonitrile and polyvinylpyrrolidone composite nanobelts together with a thermosensitive PAAV- coating layer. The high mass loading and high surface area of the MXene nanosheets endow the T-RMFs with excellent photothermal properties. The temperature could be easily controlled by near-infrared (NIR) irradiation exposure, and then the thermoresponsive polymeric coating layer relaxed the interface to dissolve vitamin E and promote vitamin E release. The T-RMFs demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and wound-healing functions in cellular and animal tests. The facile method, high mass loading, high surface area, excellent wound-healing functions, interesting nanosheet/nanobelt structure, mass production potential, and NIR responsive properties of these T-RMFs indicate the great potential of our nanobelts for wound healing, tissue engineering, and much broader application areas. This facile nanosheet/nanobelt preparation strategy paves a new way for nanomaterial fabrication and applications.
Nitrogen-containing aromatics, including nitrogen-substituted monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs), are toxic and a specific type of combustion emissions arising from fuel-nitrogen ...in coal and protein-rich biomass. However, the formation chemistry of pyridine, the first nitrogen heterocyclic ring in NPAHs, is poorly understood and needs to be enhanced. In this work, we investigated the chemistry of pyridine formation based on experimental measurements and theoretical reaction pathway exploration. Three pyrolysis experiments were performed in a jet stirred reactor with reactants of acetylene, acetylene + acetonitrile, and acetylene + acrylonitrile. The large molecule products were collected offline and analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) gas chromatogram with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC - ToF - MS) for species identification and measurements. Guided by experimental results, four pyridine formation pathways, C2H2 + C2H2CN radical, C2H3CN + C2H3 radical, CH2CN + C3H3 radical, and HCN + n-C4H5 radical are proposed and investigated. The calculated product yields and reaction rate coefficients determined by the combination of high-level quantum chemistry and RRKM-ME theories, and the simulated mole fractions by kinetic modeling confirmed the importance of the proposed pyridine formation pathways. The unraveled pyridine formation chemistry may help explain how the first nitrogen heterocyclic ring is formed from fuel-nitrogen in biomass gas-phase combustion.
This paper discusses the asymptotic properties of the SCAD (smoothing clipped absolute deviation) penalized quasi-likelihood estimator for generalized linear models with adaptive designs, which ...extend the related results for independent observations to dependent observations. Under certain conditions, the authors proved that the SCAD penalized method correctly selects covariates with non-zero coefficients with probability converging to one, and the penalized quasi-likelihood estimators of non-zero coefficients have the same asymptotic distribution they would have if the zero coefficients were known in advance. That is, the SCAD estimator has consistency and oracle properties. At last, the results are illustrated by some simulations.
•Transient flame/flow dynamics during successful ignition in a kerosene-fueled gas turbine model combustor were characterized by high-speed optical diagnostic methods.•Effects of axial spark location ...on the flame/flow dynamics and time-scales of each ignition phases were investigated.•Three view windows were used to obtain full visualization of the flame and flow field dynamics during successful ignition events.
Effects of axial spark location on the transient flame and flow field dynamics during successful ignition events in a kerosene-fueled gas turbine model combustor were investigated using high-speed flame OH* chemiluminescence (CL) imaging, direct photography, and planar particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques. The combustor was operated with single nozzle and lean premixed pre-vaporized kerosene/air mixture at atmospheric pressure. Three different axial locations, which located respectively in the outer recirculation zone (ORZ), jet and close to inner recirculation zone (IRZ) regions were considered. Experimental results suggested that the axial location of the ignitor played an important role in determining the transient evolutions of the flame and flow field in phases of flame kernel initiation, flame growth and flame breakdown, while minor effects on the flame recovery and final stabilization. More specifically, during the flame kernel initiation and growth phases, when the mixture was ignited in the ORZ, the flame kernel propagated to the nozzle first and then expanded further downstream due to the recirculation flow. However, as the ignitor was in the jet and close to IRZ regions, the flame kernels were seen to travel only downstream and upstream, respectively. As for the phase of flame breakdown, images captured from both front and back views indicated that effects of the swirling flow on the flame dynamics were weakened as the ignition location was away from the nozzle. PIV measurements implied that the spark location had significant effects on the ignition evolutions of large-scale coherent flow structures, including ORZ, jet, shear layers and IRZ. Finally, temporal profiles of the flame OH* CL signals and PIV measurements demonstrated that longest time was needed for the formation of flame kernel and flame growth if the mixture was ignited close to IRZ.
Weyl semimetal Td‐MoTe2 has recently attracted much attention due to its intriguing electronic properties and potential applications in spintronics. Here, Fe‐intercalated Td‐FexMoTe2 single crystals ...(0 < x < 0.15 ) are grown successfully. The electrical and thermoelectric transport results consistently demonstrate that the phase transition temperature TS is gradually suppressed with increasing x. Theoretical calculation suggests that the increased energy of the Td phase, enhanced transition barrier, and more occupied bands in 1T′ phase is responsible for the suppression in TS. In addition, a ρα–lnT behavior induced by Kondo effect is observed with x ≥ 0.08, due to the coupling between conduction carriers and the local magnetic moments of intercalated Fe atoms. For Td‐Fe0.15MoTe2, a spin‐glass transition occurs at ≈10 K. The calculated band structure of Td‐Fe0.25MoTe2 shows that two flat bands exist near the Fermi level, which are mainly contributed by the dyz and dx2−y2${{\rm{d}}_{{x^2} - {y^2}}}$ orbitals of the Fe atoms. Finally, the electronic phase diagram of Td‐FexMoTe2 is established for the first time. This work provides a new route to control the structural instability and explore exotic electronic states for transition‐metal dichalcogenides.
Fe‐intercalated Td‐FexMoTe2 single crystals (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) are grown successfully. The Fe intercalation significantly tunes the structural instability and brings about exotic electronic properties for the Weyl semimetal MoTe2, including the first observed Kondo effect and spin‐glass transition in its topologically nontrivial Td phase at low temperature.
Weyl semimetal T
-MoTe
has recently attracted much attention due to its intriguing electronic properties and potential applications in spintronics. Here, Fe-intercalated T
-Fe
MoTe
single crystals (0 ...< x < 0.15 ) are grown successfully. The electrical and thermoelectric transport results consistently demonstrate that the phase transition temperature T
is gradually suppressed with increasing x. Theoretical calculation suggests that the increased energy of the T
phase, enhanced transition barrier, and more occupied bands in 1T' phase is responsible for the suppression in T
. In addition, a ρ
-lnT behavior induced by Kondo effect is observed with x ≥ 0.08, due to the coupling between conduction carriers and the local magnetic moments of intercalated Fe atoms. For T
-Fe
MoTe
, a spin-glass transition occurs at ≈10 K. The calculated band structure of T
-Fe
MoTe
shows that two flat bands exist near the Fermi level, which are mainly contributed by the d
and
orbitals of the Fe atoms. Finally, the electronic phase diagram of T
-Fe
MoTe
is established for the first time. This work provides a new route to control the structural instability and explore exotic electronic states for transition-metal dichalcogenides.
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