We aimed to evaluate low intensity oral anticoagulation with warfarin and low-dose aspirin in the primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease (IHD).
5499 men aged between 45 years and 69 years at ...high risk of IHD were recruited from 108 practices in the UK that belong to the Medical Research Council's General Practice Research Framework. Initially, warfarin or placebo was randomly allocated to 1427 men; 1013 of these men later moved to a factorial stage of the trial, retaining their warfarin or placebo warfarin allocation and adding randomly allocated active or placebo aspirin. Another 4072 men entered directly into the factorial stage making a total of 5085 men. The four factorial treatment groups were: active warfarin and active aspirin (WA, n=1277), active warfarin and placebo aspirin (W, n=1268), placebo warfarin and active aspirin (A, n=1268), and placebo warfarin and placebo aspirin (P, n=1272). The primary end-point was all IHD defined as the sum of coronary death and fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction (Ml).
The mean International Normalised Ratio (INR) of those on active warfarin was 1·47. The mean warfarin dose was 4·1 mg a day (range 0·5 mg-12·5 mg). There were 410 IHD events (142 fatal, 268 non-fatal). The main effect of warfarin (ie, WA and W
vs A and P) was a reduction in all IHD of 21% (95% Cl 4–35, p=0·02) chiefly due to a 39% reduction (15–57, p=0·003) in fatal events so that warfarin reduced the death rate from all causes by 17% (1–30, p=0·04). The main effect of aspirin (ie, WA and A
vs W and P) was a reduction in all IHD of 20% (1–35, p=0·04) almost entirely due to a 32% reduction (12–48, p=0·004) in non-fatal events. Absolute reductions in all IHD due to warfarin or aspirin were 2·6 and 2·3 per 1000 person years, respectively. WA reduced all IHD by 34% (11–51, p=0·006) compared with P. WA increased haemorrhagic and fatal strokes. Ruptured aortic or dissecting aneurysms occurred in 15 of those who were or had been on warfarin compared with three of those who had not (p=0·01).
These results add to evidence that aspirin reduces non-fatal IHD. Warfarin reduced all IHD chiefly because of an effect on fatal events. Combined treatment with warfarin and aspirin is more effective in the reduction of IHD than either agent on its own.
As part of the Matroshka-R experiments, a spherical phantom and space bubble detectors (SBDs) were used on board the International Space Station to characterise the neutron radiation field. Seven ...experimental sessions with SBDs were carried out during expeditions ISS-13, ISS-14 and ISS-15. The detectors were positioned at various places throughout the Space Station, in order to determine dose variations with location and on/in the phantom in order to establish the relationship between the neutron dose measured externally to the body and the dose received internally. Experimental data on/in the phantom and at different locations are presented.
Design studies for a second generation dilepton spectrometer to be built at the SIS accelerator of GSI Darmstadt are presented. The basic design parameters of this system are specified and the ...different detector components for charged particle tracking and for lepton identification are described. The geometrical acceptance for lepton pairs is given. Results on single track momentum resolution and on lepton pair mass resolution are reported.
This investigation examines the way prime-time network television programming depicts physicians and the medical profession, and the influence of these images on public perceptions. The results ...indicate that network prime-time television programming portrays doctors, and people who watch more prime-time network programs featuring physicians perceive them, as more likely to be female and young, and as more imbued with interpersonal communication style, physical attractiveness, and power, but less imbued with the trait of character. The prospect that television depictions of physicians may undermine public confidence is explored.
Recoil polarimetry was used to extract the ratio of the proton electromagnetic form factors,
μ
p
G
E
p
/
G
M
p
=
0.878
±
0.064
(stat)
±
0.012
(sys)
, at
Q
2
=
1.13
(
GeV
/
c
)
2
from the reaction
H
...1
(
e
→
,
e
p
→
)
. This was an ancillary measurement in which the proton polarization was determined as part of a larger program utilizing a stand-alone polarimeter designed to measure
μ
n
G
E
n
/
G
M
n
. This measurement complements previous recoil polarimetry measurements of
μ
p
G
E
p
/
G
M
p
made at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility.
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