Evidence is weak for the ability of long-term non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) to improve survival in patients with stable hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). ...Previous prospective studies did not target a reduction in hypercapnia when adjusting ventilator settings. This study investigated the effect of long-term NPPV, targeted to markedly reduce hypercapnia, on survival in patients with advanced, stable hypercapnic COPD.
This investigator-initiated, prospective, multicentre, randomised, controlled clinical trial enrolled patients with stable GOLD stage IV COPD and a partial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2) of 7 kPa (51.9 mm Hg) or higher and pH higher than 7.35. NPPV was targeted to reduce baseline PaCO2 by at least 20% or to achieve PaCO2 values lower than 6.5 kPa (48.1 mm Hg). Patients were randomly assigned (in a 1:1 ratio) via a computer-generated randomisation sequence with a block size of four, to continue optimised standard treatment (control group) or to receive additional NPPV for at least 12 months (intervention group). The primary outcome was 1-year all-cause mortality. Analysis was by intention to treat. The intervention was unblinded, but outcome assessment was blinded to treatment assignment. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00710541.
Patients were recruited from 36 respiratory units in Germany and Austria, starting on Oct 29, 2004, and terminated with a record of the vital status on July 31, 2011. 195 patients were randomly assigned to the NPPV group (n=102) or to the control group (n=93). All patients from the control group and the NPPV group were included in the primary analysis. 1-year mortality was 12% (12 of 102 patients) in the intervention group and 33% (31 of 93 patients) in the control group; hazard ratio 0.24 (95% CI 0.11-0.49; p=0.0004). 14 (14%) patients reported facial skin rash, which could be managed by changing the type of the mask. No other intervention-related adverse events were reported.
The addition of long-term NPPV to standard treatment improves survival of patients with hypercapnic, stable COPD when NPPV is targeted to greatly reduce hypercapnia.
German Lung Foundation; ResMed, Germany; Tyco Healthcare, Germany; and Weinmann, Germany.
In this explorative mixed-method pilot study, we set out to have a closer look at the largely under-recognized and under-investigated symptom of thick mucus in patients with ALS and its impact on ...patients and relatives. Thick mucus is a highly distressing symptom for both patients and caregivers. It complicates the use of non-invasive ventilation and is therefore an important prognostic factor of survival.
In our preliminary study, we used a cross-sectional design, including ten ALS patients with thick mucus who were matched to ten ALS patients without thick mucus. Lung function tests and laboratory and sputum analysis were performed and questionnaires administered in order to determine associated factors of thick mucus accumulation. In a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews, we analysed the impact of thick mucus on patients and caregivers.
Reduced respiratory parameters as well as a higher degree of bulbar impairment were associated with the presence of thick mucus. Quality of life of patients and caregivers was strongly impaired by thick mucus accumulation.
Thick mucus in patients with ALS has a strong impact on quality of life. Reduced cough flow and severely impaired bulbar function appear to be indicative parameters. We suggest that healthcare providers actively explore the presence of thick mucus in their patients and that it becomes included in commonly used screening tools.
Weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation is challenging for the ICU team in terms of shortening time of ventilation via endotracheal tube in order to improve the patient's prognosis by early ...extubation. Thereby prolonged mechanical ventilation (> 14 days), which is associated with risk of tracheotomy and prolonged weaning, shall be avoided. This article will give an overview about weaning categories, causes for weaning failure and strategies to overcome this problem. In the last part we will cover concepts in the process of prolonged weaning including discharge management with invasive mechanical ventilation.
Weaning von invasiver Beatmung Geiseler, Jens; Westhoff, Michael
Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin,
11/2021, Letnik:
116, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Zusammenfassung
Das Weaning von invasiver maschineller Beatmung stellt das Intensivteam vor die Herausforderung, im Interesse des Patienten die Beatmungsdauer so kurz wie möglich zu halten und eine ...möglichst rasche Extubation zu erreichen. Hiermit sollen eine Langzeitbeatmung (invasive Beatmung > 14 Tage) mit Tracheotomie und ein prolongiertes Weaning sowie eine ggf. notwendige außerklinische invasive Beatmung vermieden werden. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Weaningkategorien, die Ursachen für ein Scheitern des Weanings und Strategien, dieses zu vermeiden. Im letzten Teil stellt der Artikel Konzepte für das prolongierte Weaning und ggf. die Überleitung in die außerklinische invasive Beatmung dar.
Weaning von invasiver Beatmung Geiseler, Jens; Westhoff, Michael
Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin,
01/2021, Letnik:
116, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Das Weaning von invasiver maschineller Beatmung stellt das Intensivteam vor die Herausforderung, im Interesse des Patienten die Beatmungsdauer so kurz wie möglich zu halten und eine möglichst rasche ...Extubation zu erreichen. Hiermit sollen eine Langzeitbeatmung (invasive Beatmung > 14 Tage) mit Tracheotomie und ein prolongiertes Weaning sowie eine ggf. notwendige außerklinische invasive Beatmung vermieden werden. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Weaningkategorien, die Ursachen für ein Scheitern des Weanings und Strategien, dieses zu vermeiden. Im letzten Teil stellt der Artikel Konzepte für das prolongierte Weaning und ggf. die Überleitung in die außerklinische invasive Beatmung dar.
Against the background of the pandemic caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the German Respiratory Society has appointed experts to develop therapy strategies for COVID-19 patients with ...acute respiratory failure (ARF). Here we present key position statements including observations about the pathophysiology of (ARF). In terms of the pathophysiology of pulmonary infection with SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 can be divided into 3 phases. Pulmonary damage in advanced COVID-19 often differs from the known changes in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Two types (type L and type H) are differentiated, corresponding to early- and late-stage lung damage. This differentiation should be taken into consideration in the respiratory support of ARF. The assessment of the extent of ARF should be based on arterial or capillary blood gas analysis under room air conditions, and it needs to include the calculation of oxygen supply (measured from the variables of oxygen saturation, hemoglobin level, the corrected values of Hüfner's factor, and cardiac output). Aerosols can cause transmission of infectious, virus-laden particles. Open systems or vented systems can increase the release of respirable particles. Procedures in which the invasive ventilation system must be opened and endotracheal intubation carried out are associated with an increased risk of infection. Personal protective equipment (PPE) should have top priority because fear of contagion should not be a primary reason for intubation. Based on the current knowledge, inhalation therapy, nasal high-flow therapy (NHF), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), or noninvasive ventilation (NIV) can be performed without an increased risk of infection to staff if PPE is provided. A significant proportion of patients with ARF present with relevant hypoxemia, which often cannot be fully corrected, even with a high inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) under NHF. In this situation, the oxygen therapy can be escalated to CPAP or NIV when the criteria for endotracheal intubation are not met. In ARF, NIV should be carried out in an intensive care unit or a comparable setting by experienced staff. Under CPAP/NIV, a patient can deteriorate rapidly. For this reason, continuous monitoring and readiness for intubation are to be ensured at all times. If the ARF progresses under CPAP/NIV, intubation should be implemented without delay in patients who do not have a "do not intubate" order.
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