Our aim was to examine the mediating role of cultural intelligence and cognitive flexibility in the relation between effective counsellor characteristics and multicultural counselling competencies of ...counsellors in Turkey. A total of 521 counsellors participated in the study. TThe "Effective Counsellor Characteristics Assessment Scale", "Multicultural Counselling Competencies Scale", "Cultural Intelligence Scale", and "Cognitive Flexibility Inventory" were used to collect the data. Cognitive flexibility and cultural intelligence were found to play a full mediating role between effective counsellor characteristics and multicultural counselling competencies.
People have needed mental health services more and more during Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Due to the contagious nature of the COVID-19 virus, online counseling has been preferred more ...during the COVID-19 pandemic. Those who need such mental health services might take actions to seek help by demanding psychological assistance from psychological counselors or mental health institutions. However, these people might avoid seeking and receiving such help when they think that they have a weak personality or they somehow will be criticized by the society or experience social stigma because they seek psychological help. This study aims to examine the mediating role of self-disclosure between attitudes towards online counselling and perception of social stigma due to receiving psychological help. Participants of the study consist of 519 adults who live in Turkey and are older than 18 years old. The data for the study were collected through “Distress Disclosure Index”, “Online Counseling Attitudes Scale (OCAS)”, “Stigma Scale for Receiving Psychological Help (SSRPH)” and “Personal Information Form”. The hypothetical model developed in order to determine whether self-disclosure mediates in the relationship between perception of social stigma due to receiving psychological help and online psychological counselling attitudes was tested through SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). The results of the study revealed that self-disclosure play partial mediating role between perception of social stigma and value of online counselling and discomfort with online counselling.
Comparing the wrist joint position sense and hand functions between children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and healthy controls, and determining possible relationships between these ...parameters in children with JIA were the aims of this study. Twenty children with polyarticular JIA with wrist involvement (JIAWrist+), 20 children with other subtypes of JIA without wrist involvement (JIAWrist−), and 20 healthy controls were included. Wrist joint position sense was evaluated by measuring joint repositioning error. Hand functions were assessed by using the Purdue Pegboard test, hand grip strength, pinch strength, and Duruoz Hand Index. Joint position sense and hand functions were diminished in the JIAWrist+ group compared with healthy control group (P < .05). Few moderate relationships were detected between hand functions and wrist joint position sense (P < .05). Improving proprioceptive acuity by appropriate training methods may have a role in enhancing hand functions.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to linguistically and culturally adapt the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) for use in Turkey, and to examine the psychometric properties of this ...adapted version.
Method: The cross-cultural adaptation was achieved by translating the items from the original version, with back-translation performed by independent mother-tongue translators, followed by committee review. Reliability (internal consistency and test-retest) was examined for 198 participants who completed the NMQ twice (with a 1 week interval). Construct validity was examined with data from 126 participants from the same population, who completed further four questionnaires related to the body regions described in the NMQ.
Results: The internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.896). The test-retest reliability was examined with the prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) and all items showed moderate to almost perfect reliability (PABAK = 0.57-0.90). Participants with a musculoskeletal problem in a related region had significantly more disability/pain, as assessed by the relevant questionnaires (p < 0.001), indicating that the NMQ had a good construct validity.
Conclusions: This study provided considerable evidence that the Turkish version of the NMQ has appropriate psychometric properties, including good test-retest reliability, internal consistency and construct validity. It can be used for screening and epidemiological investigations of musculoskeletal symptoms.
Implications for Rehabilitation
The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) can be used for the screening of musculoskeletal problems.
The NMQ allows comparison of musculoskeletal problems in different body regions in epidemiological studies with large numbers of participants.
The Turkish version of the NMQ can be used for rehabilitation due to its appropriate psychometric properties, including good test-retest reliability, internal consistency and construct validity.
Online counseling is a mental health intervention between the counselee and the counselor using digital technologies computers or smartphones. A growing number of counselors have been providing ...counseling via the Internet. However, there are mixed findings regarding the effectiveness of online counseling when compared traditional face-to-face counseling and other modalities. Thus, the main purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of online individual counseling compared to face-to-face counseling, and a control group regarding subjective well-being. To that end, a total of 60 college students were assigned to one of the three groups (21 online, 24 face-to-face, and 15 control). The instruments of the study were the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Brief Symptom Inventory. In order to examine the effectiveness of online counseling comparing to face-to-face counseling and control group, Mixed design (split-plot) ANOVA was employed. The findings of mixed ANOVA revealed that there was no significant interaction effect for the subjective well-being of the participants in different groups indicating that the three groups did not differ regarding subjective well-being scores measured over three times (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up). Nevertheless, the main effect for the group was significant indicating that the scores of the participants in the face-to-face counseling group regarding positive and negative affect changed significantly. Findings and implications were discussed regarding the relevant literature and some suggestions were offered.
The aim of this research was to determine the effects of physical activity level (PAL) and physical fitness on falling parameters in community-dwelling elderly people.
Seventy-six elderly people were ...grouped as low PAL group (group 1, n: 38) and high PAL (group 2, n: 38) according to their PAL scores. PAL was measured by the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly and muscle strength, muscle endurance, aerobic endurance, and flexibility tests were applied; body mass index (BMI) was calculated for physical fitness measurement. Fall assessment included falling risk (Berg Balance Scale), dynamic balance (Time Up and Go Test), and fear of falling (FOF) (Falls Efficacy Scale) evaluation.
While physical fitness parameters except flexibility in group 2 were significantly better than they were in group 1 (P < 0.05), no significant difference was found between the groups with regard to fall assessments (P ˃ 0.05). In both groups, while physical fitness parameters except BMI showed a positive and low or medium significant correlation with falling risk and FOF, the same fitness parameters showed a negative and low or medium significant correlation with dynamic balance.
The results show that PAL may have an indirect effect on fall parameters by increasing physical fitness.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The special needs for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) increase the burden of caregiving, which may cause several negative effects on the caregiver. The aim of this study ...was to compare the care burden, pain, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep quality, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in the mothers of children with ASD against those with typically developing children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children with ASD (n=35) and their mothers (n=35), and typically developing children (n=35) and their mothers (n=35) were recruited into this case-control study. The pain, anxiety/depression, fatigue, sleep quality, and HRQOL of the mothers were assessed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in most of the demographic characteristics of the children and their mothers (p>0.05). The mothers of those children with ASD had a significantly greater care burden and anxiety levels, and more impaired sleep quality and HRQOL (p<0.05). A non-significant difference was observed in depression, fatigue, and pain between the mothers of children with ASD and those with typically developing children (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: It was found that the mothers of children with ASD had a higher care burden and anxiety levels, and lower sleep quality and HRQOL compared to the mothers of typically developing children. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of pain, fatigue, or depression levels. Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder, mother, caregiver, children, pain, quality of life
The aim of the this study was to examine the effects of supervised exercises on measures of static and dynamic balance Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.
The study used a before-after study design. ...Seventeen PD patients with mild and moderate levels of disability were enrolled in the study. Patients followed an exercise program under a physiotherapist's supervision one day a week for 12 weeks. The standard Balance Master protocol was used before and after exercise to assess static and dynamic balance.
A statistically significant difference was observed in the unilateral balance test, one of the static balance assessments performed while standing on the left or right leg with eyes closed (p < 0.05). With respect to dynamic balance, a statistically significant difference in the maximum excursion of limits of stability (LOS), one of the balance tests used in the supervised exercise programs for patient with Parkinson's disease, between measurements taken before and after exercises was also detected (p < 0.05).
The change of LOS revealed that dynamic balance improved due to the exercises. Thus, our supervised exercise program provided improvement in dynamic balance of PD patients.
Background: Pain is one of the most critical issues in older adults, and the place of residence may play an important role in pain characteristics and related factors. However, it is an understudied ...subject. This study investigated differences in pain characteristics and functional associations between nursing home residents and community-dwelling older adults.Methods: Older adult participants were recruited from nursing homes (n=73) and the community (n=73). Pain characteristics, including type, intensity, and number of pain sites, were evaluated. Other outcome measures were functional mobility, walking speed, functional independence, physical activity, anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life.Results: Nursing home residents experienced musculoskeletal pain more frequently and had a greater number of pain sites than community-dwelling older adults (p<0.05). Walking speed and mobility were significantly lower and anxiety and depression were significantly higher in nursing home residents (p<0.05). While higher pain intensity was significantly correlated with low scores on physical measures, low health-related quality of life, and higher depression and anxiety symptoms in both groups (p<0.05), the magnitudes of the correlations were much higher in nursing home residents. The number of pain sites was significantly correlated with low scores on physical measures, low health-related quality of life, and higher depression and anxiety symptoms mainly in nursing home residents (p<0.05).Conclusion: Compared to community-dwelling older adults, nursing home residents experienced musculoskeletal pain more frequently and at more sites in the body. Higher pain intensity and number of pain sites were associated with worse clinical variables, mainly in nursing home residents. This study highlights the importance of regular pain assessment, especially in nursing home care settings.
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