Results of the semi-analytical modelling of the interaction of laser-initiated airborne shock waves with an infinite horizontally positioned elastic plate are presented. The impact of the airborne ...shock waves on the plate is approximated by a cylindrically diverging surface force resulting from the pressure of the incident and reflected shock waves. This force is then represented in the wavenumber–frequency domain by means of Hankel and Fourier transforms that are carried out numerically so that the interaction problem can be solved using the Green’s function method. The resulting frequency spectra and time histories of generated flexural wave pulses are calculated for different values of laser pulse energy and for different heights of the laser beam focusing above the plate surface. The theoretical results obtained are compared with the results of laboratory measurements of the interaction of laser-generated acoustic shocks with a large plastic plate. The comparison shows reasonably good agreement between the semi-analytical predictions and data.
Mechanical vapour recompression heat pump systems are widely used in the industry -in evaporator and distillation installations, in seawater desalination and industrial wastewater treatment plants. ...The estimation of the energy efficiency level of this type of system is based on values of two basic parameters: specific energy consumption for production of 1 kg clean water (condensate) and actual coefficient of performance of heat pump system. The object of study is experimental determination of value of actual coefficient of performance of mechanical vapour recompression heat pump system for wastewater treatment. A mathematical regression equation between the actual coefficient of performance μ and two significant factors – temperature of secondary water vapour t
sv
and compression ratio of water vapour in mechanical compressor of heat pump system σ is received. The analysis show that actual coefficient of performance μ highly depends of value of compression ratio σ and less depends of values of temperature of secondary vapour t
sv
. It conclude that MVR heat pump system, in order to operate with high values of the actual coefficient of performance should be working to high values of temperature of secondary vapour and low values of compression ratio of water vapour in mechanical compressor.
Plant tissue cultures have been widely used in both fundamental and applied types of research on various biological species, and the scientific interest to transfer that technology in industrial ...scale has been rapidly growing. The use of in vitro technology for commercial propagation of different plant species and the production of bioactive compounds from them has become profitable industry worldwide. In the past decades, the progress in plant tissue culture technology was directed towards the introduction of the liquid medium for cultivation under submerged conditions in different bioreactor types, and automation of the entire process. Some applications of modified bioreactor systems and their importance for the advancement of plant biotechnology in the fields of agriculture, medicine, and pharmacy are discussed in this review.
In this paper, we present an evolution overview of the autonomous streaming-based services for mobile autonomous assistants in the human environment. In Section 1 we present the hypothesis that the ...technologies are in transition from fixed or portable and wearable devices to those in which the main function is based on independent and possibly self-initiated and remote-controlled movement of the devices. This transition is outlined and categorized in Section 2. Retrospectively, with the progress of the penetration and technologies of the fixed devices, they have evolved from those that function separately and in isolation to those that offer group services in networks of multiple devices known today as Internet of Things (IoT). Another point of our considerations is that consequently and analogously, mobile autonomous devices are also subject of evolution towards service models of multiple cooperating mobile devices. We propose a multidimensional and layered taxonomy for the basic case of isolated mobile autonomous systems for 1d-, 2d-, and 3d-movement models. Our classification covers both the functional and technological aspects of these systems as well as the possibility for grouping services. In Section 3 we consider the parameters of two exemplary platforms as use cases for the two movement modes. Although they represent different principles of movement (i.e. legged and wheeled movement) these examples clearly show a common pattern of service parameters. The movement pattern presented here includes space and time range, speed, range of sensory monitoring, as well as parameters characterizing obstacle surmountability. Finally, in the Conclusion we address the applicability of our parametrization for the purposes of standardization and interoperability the main conditions for the service implementation based on a scalable group of moving devices.
The callus induction from young fruits of
Leucojum aestivum was performed on Murashige–Skoog nutrient medium supplemented with 4
mg/L 2,4 dichlorphenoxyacetic and 2
mg/L 6-benzylamynopurine. Further, ...by planting the obtained calluses on the same nutrient medium supplemented with 1.15
mg/L α-naphtylacetic acid and 2.0
mg/L 6-benzylamynopurine shoot cultures were established. The growth and galanthamine accumulation of obtained
L.
aestivum in vitro systems were studied. It was established that the amount of accumulated galanthamine strongly depended on the level of the differentiation. The maximum yield of biomass (17.8
g/L) and the maximum amount of accumulated galanthamine (2.5
mg/L) were achieved after day 35 of submerged cultivation of
L.
aestivum 80 shoot culture, performed under illumination. Data concerning the time courses of the utilization of the main nutrient components of the medium during cultivation of
L.
aestivum shoot culture are presented as well.
The time course of growth and betalains biosynthesis by
Beta vulgaris L. (cv. Detroit Dark Red) hairy root culture were investigated. It was established that hairy root culture produced 42.2
...mg/flasks betalains (26.2
mg/flasks betaxanthins and 16.0 betacyanins) between 6th and 15th days of cultivation. The uptake of sucrose, nitrate and phosphate ions were followed during the cultivation and data on the physiology of the
B. vulgaris hairy root culture are presented.
Plants have always been the main source for active cosmetic ingredients, having proven health beneficial effects on human, such as anti‐aging, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, UV‐protective, ...anti‐cancer, anti‐wrinkle, skin soothing, whitening, moisturizing, etc. Extracts from herbal, aromatic and/or medicinal plants have been widely used as effective active ingredients in cosmeceuticals or nutricosmetics, especially in products for topical application and skin‐care formulations. However, over the past decade, there has been an increasing interest to plant cell culture – derived active cosmetic ingredients. These are “new generation” of high quality natural products, produced by the modern plan biotechnology methods, which usually showed stronger activities than the plant extracts obtained by the classical methods. In this review, the advantages and the current progress in plant cell culture technology for the production of active cosmetic ingredients have been summarized, and discussed in details within a presented case study for calendula stem cell product development.
Plant tissue and organ cultures in vitro usually face technological challenges. When submerged cultivation of plant cells in a controlled environment is desired, the characteristic growth morphology ...and physiology of differentiated organ cultures present a problem in process scale‐up. Temporary immersion systems (TIS) were developed several decades ago. These systems are providing the most natural environment for in vitro culture of plant shoots and seedlings. Over the past few years, TIS have been recognized as a perspective technology for plant micropropagation, production of plant‐derived secondary metabolites, expression of foreign proteins, and potential solutions in phytoremediation. Nowadays, several TIS, operating on similar or divergent technological principles, have been developed and successfully applied in the cultivation of various plant in vitro systems, including somatic embryos and transformed root cultures. In this article, the operational principle and technological design of the most popular TIS are reviewed. In addition, recent examples of the application of temporary immersion technology for in vitro cultivation of plant tissue and organ cultures at laboratory and pilot scales are discussed. Finally, future prospects and challenges to the industrial realization of that fast‐developing technique are outlined.
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is an aromatic and medicinal plant of high economic value. Much research has focused on the phytochemistry and biological activities of Gardenia fruit extracts; however, ...the potential of the Gardenia plant in vitro cultures used as mass production systems of valuable secondary metabolites has been understudied. This paper presents data on metabolite profiling (GC/MS and HPLC), antioxidant activities (DPPH, TEAC, FRAP, and CUPRAC), and SSR profiles of G. jasminoides plant leaves and in vitro cultures with different levels of differentiation (shoots, callus, and cell suspension). The data show strong correlations (r = 0.9777 to r = 0.9908) between antioxidant activity and the concentrations of chlorogenic acid, salicylic acid, rutin, and hesperidin. Eleven co-dominant microsatellite simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers were used to evaluate genetic variations (average PIC = 0.738 ± 0.153). All of the investigated Gardenia in vitro cultures showed high genetic variabilities (average Na = 5.636 ± 2.157, average Ne = 3.0 ± 1.095). This is the first report on a study on metabolite profiles, antioxidant activities, and genetic variations of G. jasminoides in vitro cultures with different levels of differentiation.
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