The process of galanthamine and related alkaloids production by Leucojum aestivum shoot culture in a temporary immersion system was studied. It was established that temporary immersion approach is ...prospective for development of a biosynthetic process for obtaining valuable Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. Both immersion frequency and temperature had significant effect on biomass accumulation and the yields of galanthamine and related alkaloids. The maximal yield of galanthamine was achieved at the cultivation of L. aestivum shoot culture in temporary immersion RITA® system at immersion frequency 15 min flooding and 8 h stand-by periods, at 26 °C. Data on the relationships in the biological system “Nutrient medium-L. aestivum shoot culture-galanthamine” are presented as well.
The effects of angiotensin II (AngII), the AngII analogues saralasin—Sar
1, Ala
8AngII, sarmesin—Sar
1Tyr(Me)
4AngII, the nonpeptide AngII receptor antagonists DuP753 (losartan) (for AT
1 receptor ...subtype) and PD123319 (for AT
2 receptor subtype), as well as combinations of AngII and each of its analogues and receptor antagonists, administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV), were studied on mice using the acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions test (acetic acid 1% intraperitoneally, IP). The abdominal constrictions were counted at 5-min intervals for 30 min. AngII at doses of 0.05, 0.1, and 1
μg exerted a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect. Saralasin, sarmesin, losartan, and PD123319 exhibited a dose-dependent effect on nociception: they either increased or decreased it. PD123319 antagonized the antinociceptive effect of AngII while losartan was ineffective. The importance of AT
2 receptor subtype for the nociception reducing effect of AngII is considered.
The Amaryllidaceae alkaloid galanthamine (Gal) is a long‐acting, selective, reversible, and competitive acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for the treatment of early‐ to mid‐stage Alzheimer's ...disease, poliomyelitis, and other neurological diseases. Currently, Gal is produced by extraction from plants such as daffodils (Narcissus cultivar Carlthon), snowflake (Leucojum aestivum), “red‐tubed lily” (Lycoris radiata), and Ungernia victoria, and alternatively by chemical synthesis. Due to the increased demand by the generic pharmaceutical companies and the limited availability of plant sources, the biosynthesis of Gal by plant in vitro systems has been considered as an alternative approach for its sustainable production. The present article reviews the state of the art of in vitro Gal biosynthesis including growth regulators, medium components, culture conditions, elicitation, and bioreactor systems. It may be used as a starting point for further studies in this area leading to a progress in biotechnological production of this valuable alkaloid.
Hairy root cultures of Salvia tomentosa were initiated by transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. To prevent necrosis in the explants and to protect young hairy roots, Amberlite XAD-4 resin, in ...combination with a temporary immersion cultivation system, was applied. HPLC analyzes showed that the resin adsorbed more than 93% of the released phenolic acids and 100% of the released flavonoids. The decreased content of the released phenolics significantly reduced their destructive effects on the plant tissues, prevented, and speeded up the appearance of hairy roots.
The escalating elderly population worldwide has prompted a surge of interest in longevity medicine. Its goal is to interfere with the speed of ageing by slowing it down or even reversing its ...accompanying effects. As a field, it is rapidly growing and spreading into different branches. One of these is the use of nutraceuticals as anti-ageing drugs. This field is gaining massive popularity nowadays, as people are shifting towards a more natural approach to life and seeking to use natural products as a source of medicine. The present article focuses on the cellular effect of Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. in vitro culture total ethanol extract (HRT), produced by a sustainable biotechnological approach. The extract showed a similar phytochemical profile to plant leaf extract and was rich in primary bioactive ingredients—caffeoyl phenylethanoid glycosides, myconoside, and paucifloside. This study examined the biosafety potential, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mitochondrial activity of the extract using in vitro cultures. The results showed high cell survival rates and minimal cytotoxic effects on Lep3 cells, with no induction of reactive oxygen species nor genotoxicity. Additionally, the extract positively influenced mitochondrial activity, indicating potential benefits for cellular health. The results are promising and show the beneficial effect of HRT without the observation of any adverse effects, which sets the foundation for its further testing and potential therapeutic applications.
Extracts of Salvia species are used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases. The economic importance of this genus has increased in recent years due to evidence that some of its secondary ...metabolites have valuable pharmaceutical and nutraceutical properties.The bioactivity of sage extracts is mainly due to their content of terpenes and polyphenols. The increasing demand for sage products combined with environmental, ecological and climatic limitations on the production of sage metabolites from field-grown plants have led to extensive investigations into biotechnological approaches for the production of Salvia phytochemicals. The purpose of this review is to evaluate recent progress in investigations of sage in vitro systems as tools for producing important terpenoids and polyphenols and in development of methods for manipulating regulatory processes to enhance secondary metabolite production in such systems.
The alkaloid patterns in
Leucojum aestivum L. shoot culture cultivated at temporary immersion conditions were investigated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. 18 alkaloids were identified, ...and galanthamine, hamayne and lycorine were dominant. The
L. aestivum 80 shoot culture, cultivated at temporary immersion conditions, is a prospective biological matrix for obtaining wide range Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, showing valuable biological and pharmacological activities. The temperature of cultivation influenced enzyme activities, catalyzing phenol oxidative coupling of 4′-
O-methylnorbelladine and formation of the different groups Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. Decreasing the temperature of cultivation of
L. aestivum 80 shoot culture led to activation of
para-ortho’ phenol oxidative coupling (formation of galanthamine type alkaloids) and inhibited
ortho-para’ and
para-para’ phenol oxidative coupling (formation of lycorine and haemanthamine types alkaloids).
The effects of methyl jasmonate and jasmonic acid on galanthamine production, phenolic acid content and growth of Leucojum aestivum L. shoot culture, cultivated in submerged conditions were ...investigated. The best time-point for addition of elicitors was during the exponential phase of the culture growth. The maximal contents of galanthamine and lycorine (226.9μg/flask and 491.4μg/flask, 1.36 and 1.67-fold higher compared to the control, respectively) were achieved after elicitation with jasmonic acid, whereas the elicitation with methyl jasmonte resulted in maximal accumulation of phenolic acids. It was demonstrated that the boosting effect of jasmonic acid on Amaryllidacea alkaloid biosynthesis was due to induction of the activity of tyrosine decarboxylase, whereas methyl jasmonate stimulates the biosynthesis of phenolic acids by inducing mainly the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase.
Strong electric fields are generated by radio frequency (RF) plasma sources, and though the RF portion is too high a frequency for ions to react, the direct current (DC) portion of these fields has ...been shown to cause the atomic migration of metals, which can influence film morphology even downstream of the plasma where ionized plasma species are absent. In particular, we have observed the growth of nanopillars due to metal atoms migrating toward the positive field of the remote plasma. A biased grid placed between the plasma and the substrate can shield the substrate from these fields so that, when grounded, smooth films can be grown to a root mean square roughness of less than 1 nm. Positively biasing the grid returns the growth of nanocolumns. Interestingly, negatively biasing the grid significantly reduced the carbon and hydrocarbon content of gallium nitride films grown at a low temperature (~660 °C) using a nitrogen plasma, as observed using secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and optical absorption measurements. The films also showed a notable improvement in conductivity and visible appearance.
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