The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the volumetric changes associated with different bone grafting techniques in the completely edentulous atrophic maxilla before dental implant ...placement. A search was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. A PICO question was formed, and the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched, covering the period 2000–2018. Relevant data were extracted from the results regarding study population, surgical details, technical information on volumetric data acquirement, and volumetric outcome after bone augmentation procedures before implant placement. Six articles with a combined population of 84 patients were included. All patients had a completely edentulous maxilla, with a crestal horizontal width of <3–4mm or a crestal vertical height of <6–7mm. The iliac bone and ascending ramus were most frequently used as grafts. Five of the six studies reported volumes of sinus inlay graft (SIG) and four reported volumes of lateral bone augmentation (LBA). Radiographic analyses of the augmented areas differed among the studies. Volume loss after bone augmentation procedures ranged from 5% to 50% for SIG and from 5% to 47% for LBA. All surgical augmentation techniques for the edentulous maxilla are prone to resorption; no procedure seemed to be superior, but some interesting observations were made.
Abstract This study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) compared to panoramic radiography in determining the anatomical position of the impacted third molar ...in relation with the mandibular canal. The study sample comprised 53 third molars from 40 patients with an increased risk of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury. The panoramic and CBCT features (predictive variables) were correlated with IAN exposure and injury (outcome variables). Sensitivity and specificity of modalities in predicting IAN exposure were compared. The IAN was exposed in 23 cases during third molar removal and injury occurred in 5 patients. No significant difference in sensitivity and specificity was found between both modalities in predicting IAN exposure. To date, lingual position of the mandibular canal was significantly associated with IAN injury. CBCT was not more accurate at predicting IAN exposure during third molar removal, however, did elucidate the 3D relationship of the third molar root to the mandibular canal; the coronal sections allowed a bucco-lingual appreciation of the mandibular canal to identify cases in which a lingually placed IAN is at risk during surgery. This observation dictates the surgical approach how to remove the third molar, so the IAN will not be subjected to pressure.
Abstract Purpose The aims of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) compared to panoramic radiography (PR), prior to mandibular third molar removal, ...in reducing patient morbidity, and to identify risk factors associated with inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury. Material and methods This multicentre, randomised, controlled trial was performed at three centres in the Netherlands. Adults with an increased risk for IAN injury, as diagnosed from PR, were included in the study. In one arm of the study, patients underwent an additional CBCT prior to third molar surgery. In a second arm of the study, no additional radiographs were acquired. The primary outcome measure was the number of patient-reported altered sensations 1 week after surgery. As secondary outcome measures, the number of patients with objective IAN injury, with long-term (>6 months) IAN injury, the occurrence of other postoperative complications, the Oral Health Related Quality of Life–14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire responses, postoperative pain (visual analogue scale score), duration of surgery, number of emergency visits, and number of missed days of work or study were scored. Results A total of 268 patients with 320 mandibular third molars were analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle. The overall incidence of IAN injury 1 week after surgery was 6.3%. No significant differences between CBCT and PR for temporary IAN injury ( p = 0.64) and all other secondary outcomes were registered. A lingual position of the mandibular canal (MC) and narrowing, in which the diameter of the MC lumen was decreased at the contact area between the MC and the roots, were significant risk factors for temporary IAN injury. Conclusion Although CBCT is a valuable diagnostic adjunct for identification of an increased risk for IAN injury, the use of CBCT does not translate into a reduction of IAN injury and other postoperative complications, after removal of the complete mandibular third molar. In these selected cases of a high risk for IAN injury, an alternative strategy, such as monitoring or a coronectomy, might be more appropriate. ( http://clinicaltrials.gov , NCT02071030 ).
Objectives
The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of postoperative irrigation of the socket with drinking tap water on inflammatory complications following lower third ...molar removal.
Material and methods
A multicenter randomized controlled trial was carried out from June 2013 to June 2014. In one arm of the study, patients were instructed to irrigate the tooth socket and surgical site with a Monoject® Curved 412 Tip Syringe (Tyco/healthcare-Kendall, Mansfield, MA, USA) with tap water. In a second arm of the study, the standard postoperative instructions did not include irrigation instructions. The incidences of alveolar osteitis and wound infection were recorded for each group and analyzed by the Fisher’s exact test.
Results
A total of 280 patients with 333 mandibular third molars were analyzed. According to the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, inflammatory complications occurred in 18 cases in the Monoject® group (11.4 %) compared to 34 cases (19.1 %) in the control group (
p
= 0.04). These complications were associated with significant worse outcomes regarding quality of life, pain, and trismus and caused significantly more missed days of work or study. Female gender, age >26, bone removal, deep impacted third molars, less experienced surgeons, and a high amount of debris at the surgical site were also identified as risk factors for developing inflammatory complications following lower third molar removal.
Conclusion
Irrigation of the surgical site with drinking tap water using a curved syringe following removal of third molars is effective in reducing the risk of inflammatory complications.
Clinical relevance
Water is a very accessible, cost-effective irrigant without side effects and the results from this study have proven that it can be used to reduce the risk of inflammatory complications and associated morbidity following lower third molar removal.
The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the perceptions of aesthetic outcome following the autologous and prosthetic reconstruction of nasal and auricular defects among patients, ...professionals (oral and maxillofacial surgeons and ear, nose and throat surgeons) and people unfamiliar with reconstructive surgery. The influence of anatomical subunits on the overall perception of nasal and auricular reconstructions was also determined. A total of 119 patients treated for nasal and auricular defects between 1997 and 2016, with a minimum follow-up period of 6 months, were selected, and photographs of 77 of these patients (65%) were presented in a digital survey and reviewed using a standardized questionnaire. No clinically relevant correlations were found between the age or gender of patients (as well as those of the respondents) and their scores. Prosthetic reconstructions of nasal and auricular defects were considered advantageous over autologous reconstructions in terms of the subjective aesthetic outcome in the view of the professionals, in particular oral and maxillofacial surgeons; however, the patients judged both techniques to be equally effective in terms of aesthetics. No anatomical subunits were found to have a significant impact on the overall match of a nasal or auricular reconstruction with the patient’s face.
Recognizing gait of people has been of great interest to the researchers of biometrics in the last decade. The robust features have been recently developed to identify human’s gait under different ...conditions. But developing efficient gait template preserving spatio-temporal features of walking is still an open problem. To address this issue, we develop a patch-based feature that can describe rhythm of walking under covariate factors properly. In our method, a new gait signature (i.e. set of spatio-temporal features) is computed from distribution of local patches in a sequence. The given signature has been used to adjust the weights of spatio-temporal coordinates and the corresponding weights are concatenated with the Gabor features. As a result, a new augmented template called Patch Gait Feature (PGF) is derived accordingly. In addition, to verify how our feature template is efficient in gait recognition, we apply two common classification methods (PCA + LDA and Random Subspace Method (RSM)) separately and evaluate the results under different challenging conditions. The recognition rate on the USF dataset indicates Rank1/Rank5 accuracies of 61.59/80.67% with PCA + LDA and 76.01/86.59% with RSM and shows an improvement of about 5% with rational computational complexity compared with other related methods.
In this paper, we improve the performance of gait recognition by modeling human’s motion with spatiotemporal gait features. Since existing methods often use average of silhouettes, i.e., gait energy ...image to model the gait, temporal information of walking may not be preserved under covariate factors. To handle such features in different conditions, we study the gait model from energy viewpoint. In the proposed method, energy of a gait, i.e., spatiotemporal feature, is derived from a newly designed filtering approach and the energies within a period will be aggregated into a single template that is called gait spatiotemporal image. The required features are truly extracted from spatial and temporal impulse responses that are redesigned and optimized for the gait. Moreover, to recognize the gait under covariate factors, a hybrid decision-level classifier based on random subspace method has been utilized for the given templates. Experimental results on well-known public datasets demonstrate the efficacy of our model. The proposed gait recognition system achieves the recognition rate of 72.25% for Rank1 and 85.64% for Rank5 on the USF dataset that is improved by at least 2% in Rank1 and 0.3% in Rank5 with respect to recent template-based methods.
The initial position of an impacted maxillary canine might influence the outcome of surgically assisted exposure and orthodontic alignment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate ...existing correlations between the initial position of the maxillary canine and the outcomes of treatment.
A retrospective cohort study was designed, containing data of 132 patients (47 males, 106 females; median age at the date of surgical exposure 14 ± 4.6 years; range, 10-39 years) with a total of 153 impacted maxillary canines. The sample was based on orthodontic referrals over 4 years at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands. The esthetic outcome, treatment duration, and success and failure rate were investigated in relation to the initial position of the maxillary canine as assessed on pretreatment panoramic radiographs (vertical and anteroposterior sector position and angulation of the canine α-angle). The esthetic evaluation was performed using the Maxillary Canine Aesthetic Index. The success of treatment was defined as achieving a fully functional eruption of the canine, with an esthetically excellent result, without the need for reinterventions. Failure of treatment was defined as the need for reintervention or removal of the canine.
In 96% of the impacted canines, a successful orthodontically assisted eruption was achieved. Age, vertical distance, and angulation are predictors of the esthetic outcome of impacted canines after treatment. Age, bilateral impaction, sector, vertical distance, and angulation are predictors of treatment duration. Age, vertical distance, and buccolingual position are predictors of the need for reintervention.
Pretreatment radiographic variables can help in predicting the outcome and treatment duration of surgically exposed maxillary impacted canines.
•Most canines will achieve full eruption posttreatment, with or without reintervention.•Excellent esthetic outcomes are expected after surgical exposure and orthodontic traction.•Pretreatment radiographs can help in predicting outcome and treatment duration.
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