The Strain Induced Melt Activation (SIMA) process is one of the semi-solid forming processes for preparation of non-dendritic microstructures. In current work, the effects of SIMA process on ...microstructure and electrochemical behavior of Al-Zn-In sacrificial anode were studied. The effect of plastic deformation on the semi-solid microstructure of Al-Zn-In alloy is investigated by applying 10–40% uniaxial compression at ambient temperature and semi-solid treatment was carried out in the range of 635–660 °C for 40 min. Investigation of the electrochemical behavior of anode and Tafel polarization test are performed in 3.5 wt% sodium chloride solution. The results indicate that microstructure of the SIMA processed specimens is finer and more spherical than that of the as-received material. The sphericity increases significantly with the increase of the compression ratio from 10 to 30%, but the variation rate of the average grain size increases and the shape factor decreases with more increase of the compression ratio up to 40%. The average size and sphericity of α-Al solid grains increase with the increase of the heat treatment temperature. Electrochemical tests results show that plastic deformation up to 30% following heat treatment at 650 °C increases the anode efficiency. Furthermore, SEM results indicated uniform corrosion under the aforementioned condition.
•We study the effect of SIMA process on the corrosion behavior of Al-Zn-In anode.•The grain size and sphericality of the alloy produced by SIMA is improved.•With increasing heat treatment temperature, average of grain size decreased.•Based on Tafel test results Ecorr shifts to more negative with increasing cold work.•Increasing heat treatment temperature causes localized corrosion in the alloy.
Prostate cancer (pca) is the most common non-dermatologic cancer and the 3rd leading cause of male cancer mortality in Canada. In patients with high-risk localized or recurrent pca, management ...typically includes the combination of long-term androgen deprivation therapy (adt) and radiotherapy (rt). New androgen-receptor-axis targeted therapies (arats), which await validation, offer an option to intensify therapy.
In this narrative review, we report the relevant history that has supported combining adt with rt. The literature in PubMed was searched for studies involving pca and novel arats (abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, apalutamide, darolutamide) published between 1995 and 2019. Literature discussing clinical trials in which those modalities were combined was extracted and synthesized into a combined molecular and clinical discussion. Potential treatment intensification mechanisms and rationales are explored.
Early results from three phase i/ii trials demonstrated that concurrent abiraterone acetate, adt, and rt is safe, improves the extent of chemical castration, and is associated with limited treatment failures. A single
study implies synergy for radiosensitization beyond that facilitated by conventional adt. Studies investigating the combination of other arats with rt are under way, including multiple phase iii trials, but short-term results are not yet available.
Abstract Blood culture-negative endocarditis presents a clinical and diagnostic challenge. Here, we describe a patient with a delayed diagnosis of Bartonella henselae endocarditis. < Learning ...objective: The aim of this report is to highlight the importance of Bartonella species as a cause of culture-negative endocarditis and to illustrate the challenges it poses in diagnosis and treatment.>
Ependyma have been proposed as adult neural stem cells that provide the majority of newly proliferated scar-forming astrocytes that protect tissue and function after spinal cord injury (SCI). This ...proposal was based on small, midline stab SCI. Here, we tested the generality of this proposal by using a genetic knock-in cell fate mapping strategy in different murine SCI models. After large crush injuries across the entire spinal cord, ependyma-derived progeny remained local, did not migrate and contributed few cells of any kind and less than 2%, if any, of the total newly proliferated and molecularly confirmed scar-forming astrocytes. Stab injuries that were near to but did not directly damage ependyma, contained no ependyma-derived cells. Our findings show that ependymal contribution of progeny after SCI is minimal, local and dependent on direct ependymal injury, indicating that ependyma are not a major source of endogenous neural stem cells or neuroprotective astrocytes after SCI.
Left-right (LR) asymmetry is a fundamental feature of internal anatomy, yet the emergence of morphological asymmetry remains one of the least understood phases of organogenesis. Asymmetric rotation ...of the intestine is directed by forces outside the gut, but the morphogenetic events that generate anatomical asymmetry in other regions of the digestive tract remain unknown. Here, we show in mouse and
that the mechanisms that drive the curvature of the stomach are intrinsic to the gut tube itself. The left wall of the primitive stomach expands more than the right wall, as the left epithelium becomes more polarized and undergoes radial rearrangement. These asymmetries exist across several species, and are dependent on LR patterning genes, including
,
and
Our findings have implications for how LR patterning manifests distinct types of morphological asymmetries in different contexts.
The concerted production of neurons and glia by neural stem cells (NSCs) is essential for neural circuit assembly. In the developing cerebral cortex, radial glia progenitors (RGPs) generate nearly ...all neocortical neurons and certain glia lineages. RGP proliferation behavior shows a high degree of non-stochasticity, thus a deterministic characteristic of neuron and glia production. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling RGP behavior and proliferation dynamics in neurogenesis and glia generation remain unknown. By using mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM)-based genetic paradigms enabling the sparse and global knockout with unprecedented single-cell resolution, we identified Lgl1 as a critical regulatory component. We uncover Lgl1-dependent tissue-wide community effects required for embryonic cortical neurogenesis and novel cell-autonomous Lgl1 functions controlling RGP-mediated glia genesis and postnatal NSC behavior. These results suggest that NSC-mediated neuron and glia production is tightly regulated through the concerted interplay of sequential Lgl1-dependent global and cell intrinsic mechanisms.
•MADM-based genetic dissection of intrinsic gene function and community effects•Sparse and complete Lgl1 ablation distinctly affects RGP-mediated neurogenesis•Lgl1 cell-autonomously controls astrocyte generation in an EGFR-dependent manner•Critical role for Lgl1 in postnatal NSC lineage progression and neurogenesis
Beattie et al. determined the relative contribution of novel intrinsic Lgl1 gene functions and non-cell-autonomous community effects in neural stem cell proliferation behavior. They found distinct but sequential Lgl1 functions controlling embryonic neurogenesis and postnatal astrocyte and olfactory bulb interneuron generation.
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