Estimation of the reservoir physical parameters in hydrocarbon zones is important for seismic exploration. Frequency analysis has proven to provide useful information on the velocity dispersion and ...attenuation of seismic wave-fields propagating through porous media. In this study we have carried out a velocity and reflectivity dispersion analysis using borehole and post-stack angle dependent seismic datasets from the Frigg-Delta reservoir in the North Sea. Rock physics analysis using borehole datasets indicate that in the seismic frequency range (1-100 Hz) dispersion maxima appear at ∼5 Hz frequency, assuming an oil saturation associated with the reservoir ranging between 40% and 60%, porosity as 30% and permeability as 1 Darcy. Moreover, the P-wave velocity (Vp) dispersion is estimated ∼5 times less for the high oil saturation in the upper part of the reservoir compared to that for low oil saturation in the deeper part of the reservoir. Dispersion analysis on the angle dependent seismic migrated sections is carried out by inverting spectrally decomposed isofrequency sections using a least squares algorithm. The inverted results show that the top of the reservoir is more clearly demarcated at low frequency (∼7 Hz) than at higher frequencies.
A first measurement of the polarisation transfer from a circularly-polarised photon to the final state neutron (Cx′n) in deuterium photodisintegration has been carried out. This quantity is ...determined over the photon energy range 370 – 700 MeV and for neutron centre-of-mass breakup angles ∼45−120∘. The polarisation of the final state neutrons was determined by an ancillary large-acceptance nucleon polarimeter, surrounding a cryogenic liquid deuterium target within the Crystal Ball detector at MAMI. The polarimeter characterised (n,p) charge exchange of the ejected neutrons to determine their polarisation. The new Cx′n data are also compared to a theoretical model based on nucleonic and nucleon resonance degrees of freedom constrained by the current world-database of deuterium photodisintegration measurements. Structures in Cx′n observed in the region of the d⁎(2380) could not be explained by conventional models of deuteron photodisintegration.
Deinococcus radiodurans is extremely resistant to ionizing radiation. How this bacterium can grow under chronic γ radiation 50 grays (Gy) per hour or recover from acute doses greater than 10 kGy is ...unknown. We show that D. radiodurans accumulates very high intracellular manganese and low iron levels compared with radiation-sensitive bacteria and that resistance exhibits a concentration-dependent response to manganous chloride Mn(II). Among the most radiation-resistant bacterial groups reported, Deinococcus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, and cyanobacteria accumulate Mn(II). In contrast, Shewanella oneidensis and Pseudomonas putida have high iron but low intracellular manganese concentrations and are very sensitive. We propose that Mn(II) accumulation facilitates recovery from radiation injury.
Third-generation wireless communication faces the challenges of rapidly increasing mobile user demand against limited radio bandwidth. Splitting cells into smaller cells can reduce the frequency ...reuse distance to improve network capacity within a certain area. Other than increasing the cost of the fixed infrastructure, cell splitting also causes the problem of increasing handoff rate and event the handoff failure rate when high-speed users roam in the network. To solve this problem, larger cells are overlaid on these smaller cells, and different classes of users (usually classified by speed) are initially assigned to the proper types of cells (i.e., proper tiers). We call this kind of cellular network a hierarchical cellular network. In this study, we review the different design techniques in the hierarchical architecture and some analytical tools to study the performance of these designs.
Over the last 20 years, the Great Sumatran Fault (GSF) has been studied on land, but we have very little information about its offshore extension NW of Sumatra and its link with the West Andaman ...Fault to the north. The problem is further complicated by its vicinity to the volcanic arc. Here we present detailed analyses of the offshore extension of the GSF based on recently acquired high‐resolution bathymetry, multichannel seismic reflection data and some old single channel seismic reflection data. Our findings demonstrate that the branches of the GSF near Banda Aceh proceed further northwestward producing two 15–20 km wide adjacent basins. The southwestern transpressional Breueh basin is 1–2 km deep and has a flower structure with a push‐up ridge in the center, suggesting the presence of an active strike‐slip fault. The presence of strike‐slip earthquakes beneath this basin further suggests that one active branch of the GSF passes through this basin. The northeastern transtensional Weh basin is up to 3.4 km deep and the absence of recent sediments on the basin floor suggests that the basin is very young. The presence of a chain of volcanoes in the center of the basin suggests that the Sumatran volcanic arc passes through this basin. The anomalous depth of the Weh basin might be a site of early back‐arc spreading or may have resulted from pull‐apart extension. We examine all these new observations in the light of plate motion, local deformation and possible seismic risk.
Key Points
Characterisitics of northerly extended GSF and volcanic arc
Pull apart tectonism/sea floor spreading associated to one of the back‐arc basins
Possible seismic risk at northern offshore Sumatra
Objective
To describe a case of massive transfusion using unwashed, non‐anticoagulated, nonsterile autologous blood in a dog with catastrophic hemorrhage from a peripheral vessel during orthopedic ...surgery. A damage control surgical strategy was also employed.
Case Summary
A 6‐year‐old, 48 kg neutered male Labrador Retriever experienced massive hemorrhage after transection of a large blood vessel while undergoing femoral head and neck osteotomy. Blood was collected from clean, but not sterile, suction canisters and clots were skimmed off. The blood was then transfused back to the dog using a standard in‐line blood filter. Approximately 58% of the dog's blood volume was autotransfused in less than 2 hours, thereby meeting the criteria for massive transfusion. Surgery was aborted after hemostasis was achieved by ligation of the vessel and packing of the surgical site. Two units of fresh frozen plasma were administered postoperatively due to the development of a coagulopathy. Hemoglobinuria developed but resolved within 18 hours. Three days later, completion of the surgical procedure was performed without incident. The dog was discharged 4 days after the initial surgery. Marked swelling of the affected limb developed, but resolved after the sixth day. No other significant complications developed.
New or Unique Information Provided
In this case report, the authors describe the successful management of catastrophic hemorrhage with autotransfusion performed in the absence of sterile collection, cell washing, or anticoagulation. Although not ideal, autotransfusion under these conditions can be lifesaving in situations of massive hemorrhage. This case also highlighted the employment of a damage control surgical strategy.
In this paper, we propose to use vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) to collect and aggregate real-time speed and position information on individual vehicles to optimize signal control at traffic ...intersections. We first formulate the vehicular traffic signal control problem as a job scheduling problem on processors, with jobs corresponding to platoons of vehicles. Under the assumption that all jobs are of equal size, we give an online algorithm, referred to as the oldest job first (OJF) algorithm, to minimize the delay across the intersection. We prove that the OJF algorithm is 2-competitive, implying that the delay is less than or equal to twice the delay of an optimal offline schedule with perfect knowledge of the arrivals. We then show how a VANET can be used to group vehicles into approximately equal-sized platoons, which can then be scheduled using OJF. We call this the two-phase approach, where we first group the vehicular traffic into platoons and then apply the OJF algorithm, i.e., the oldest arrival first (OAF) algorithm. Our simulation results show that, under light and medium traffic loads, the OAF algorithm reduces the delays experienced by vehicles as they pass through the intersection, as compared with vehicle-actuated methods, Webster's method, and pretimed signal control methods. Under heavy vehicular traffic load, the OAF algorithm performs the same as the vehicle-actuated traffic method but still produces lower delays, as when compared with Webster's method and the pretimed signal control method.
PDF
