Accumulative alcohol hangovers cause liver damage through oxidative and inflammatory stress. Numerous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory reagents have been developed to reduce alcohol hangovers, but ...these reagents are still insignificant and have limitations in that they can cause liver toxicity. Oyster hydrolysate (OH), another reagent that has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, is a product extracted through an enzymatic hydrolysis process from oysters (
), which can be easily eaten in meals. This study was aimed at determining the effects of OH on alcohol metabolism, using a single high dose of ethanol (EtOH) administered to rodents, by monitoring alcohol metabolic enzymes, oxidative stress signals, and inflammatory mediators. The effect of tyrosine-alanine (YA) peptide, a main component of OH, on EtOH metabolism was also identified. In vitro experiments showed that OH pretreatment inhibited EtOH-induced cell death, oxidative stress, and inflammation in liver cells and macrophages. In vivo experiments showed that OH and YA pre-administration increased alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and catalase activity in EtOH binge treatment. In addition, OH pre-administration alleviated CYP2E1 activity, ROS production, apoptotic signals, and inflammatory mediators in liver tissues. These results showed that OH and YA enhanced EtOH metabolism and had a protective effect against acute alcohol liver damage. Our findings offer new insights into a single high dose of EtOH drinking and suggest that OH and YA could be used as potential marine functional foods to prevent acute alcohol-induced liver damage.
We extracted 15 pterosin derivatives from Pteridium aquilinum that inhibited β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and cholinesterases involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's ...disease (AD). (2R)-Pterosin B inhibited BACE1, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with an IC
of 29.6, 16.2 and 48.1 µM, respectively. The K
values and binding energies (kcal/mol) between pterosins and BACE1, AChE, and BChE corresponded to the respective IC
values. (2R)-Pterosin B was a noncompetitive inhibitor against human BACE1 and BChE as well as a mixed-type inhibitor against AChE, binding to the active sites of the corresponding enzymes. Molecular docking simulation of mixed-type and noncompetitive inhibitors for BACE1, AChE, and BChE indicated novel binding site-directed inhibition of the enzymes by pterosins and the structure-activity relationship. (2R)-Pterosin B exhibited a strong BBB permeability with an effective permeability (P
) of 60.3×10
cm/s on PAMPA-BBB. (2R)-Pterosin B and (2R,3 R)-pteroside C significantly decreased the secretion of Aβ peptides from neuroblastoma cells that overexpressed human β-amyloid precursor protein at 500 μM. Conclusively, our study suggested that several pterosins are potential scaffolds for multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) for AD therapeutics.
New supplements with preventive effects against skin photodamage are receiving increasing attention. This study evaluated the anti-photoaging effects of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan (SPG), ...acting as a functional material for skin health. We administered SPG to
and
models exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and assessed its moisturizing and anti-wrinkle effects on dorsal mouse skin and keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts cell lines. These results showed that SPG restored the levels of filaggrin, involucrin, and AQP3 in the epidermis of UVB-irradiated dorsal skin and keratinocytes, thereby enhancing the keratinization process and water flow. Additionally, SPG treatment increased the levels of hyaluronan and skin ceramide, the major components of intercellular lipids in the epidermis. Furthermore, SPG treatment significantly increased the levels of collagen and procollagen type 1 by down-regulating matrix metalloproteinase 1, which play a crucial role in skin fibroblasts, in both
and
models. In addition, SPG strongly inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) signaling, the including extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. These findings suggest that dietary SPG may be an attractive functional food for preventing UVB-induced photoaging. And this SPG product may provide its best benefit when treating several signs of skin photoaging.
Abstract
In this study, an isotropic etching process of SiO
2
selective to Si
3
N
4
using NF
3
/H
2
/methanol chemistry was investigated. HF was formed using a NF
3
/H
2
remote plasma, and in order ...to remove the F radicals, which induces spontaneous etching of Si-base material, methanol was injected outside the plasma discharge region. Through this process, etch products were formed on the surface of SiO
2
, and then the (NH
4
)
2
SiF
6
was removed by following heating process. When the H and F radicals were abundant, the highest SiO
2
etch per cycle (EPC) was obtained. And, the increase of H
2
and methanol percentage in the gas chemistry increased the etch selectivity by decreasing the F radicals. The etch products such as (NH
4
)
2
SiF
6
were formed on the surfaces of SiO
2
and Si
3
N
4
during the reaction step and no noticeable spontaneous etching by formation of SiF
4
was observed. By optimized conditions, the etch selectivity of SiO
2
over Si
3
N
4
and poly Si higher than 50 and 20, respectively, was obtained while having SiO
2
EPC of ~ 13 nm/cycle. It is believed that the cyclic process using NF
3
/H
2
remote plasma and methanol followed by heating can be applied to the selective isotropic SiO
2
etching of next generation 3D device fabrication.
Highly luminescent and stable hybrids composite Eu(TTA-TESP)3(P(Oct)3)@mSiO2 europium (III); 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(thiophen-2-yl)− 2-(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl) butane-1,3-dione = TTA-TESP; ...trioctylphosphine = (P(Oct)3); mesoporous silica = mSiO2; were prepared. Eu(III) and P(Oct)3 molecules reacted to TTA-TESP grafted mSiO2 through strong covalent bonding inside the cavity/mesopores of mSiO2. Photoluminescence (PL) curves of emission spectra and excitation spectrum depending on different concentrations show typical characteristic with a maximum emission peaks at 621 nm which is related to 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu(III) complexes with strong red emission. The cytotoxic effects depending on concentrations and incubation times of Eu(TTA-TESP)3(P(Oct)3)3@mSiO2 were confirmed to be practically non-toxic in terms of cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. From the in-vivo results, Eu(TTA-TESP)3(P(Oct)3)3 @mSiO2 particles mainly accumulated in the liver, and the fluorescence signal in the heart, spleen, kidney, lung, and pancreas was weak. The result suggests that the synthesized Eu(TTA-TESP)3(P(Oct)3)3@mSiO2 particles can be used as a imaging agent for the liver through intravascular injection.
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•TTA-TMSP was synthesized by silylation of TTA as coupling agent for mSiO2.•Highly luminescent β-diketonate europium complex was synthesized.•β-diketonate europium complex was covertly infiltrated into the cavity of mSiO2.•Cytotoxicity and endocytosis were performed for Endocytosis of Eu(TTA-TMSP)3(P(Oct)3)3@mSiO2.
•Chemotherapy induces adverse effects including mucositis and myelosuppression.•Wheat arabinoxylan suppressed intestinal inflammation induced by 5-fluorouracil.•Wheat arabinoxylan effectively ...recovered lymphocyte counts in 5-FU treated animals.•Arabinoxylan is a candidate complementary agent applicable during cancer treatment.
The effect of arabinoxylan (AX) on chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis and myelosuppression was investigated. BALB/c mice were divided into 5 groups and subjected to either intraperitoneal injection of vehicle for group 1 or 5-fluouracil (5-FU) for groups 2, 3, 4 and 5. Animals in groups 1 and 2 were fed with standard diet, whereas those in groups 3 and 4 were fed with diet supplemented with 2.5 or 5% of AX, respectively. Animals in group 5 were fed with diet supplemented with 5% L-glutamine (GLN). The animals were sacrificed on the 10th day post 5-FU administration. The loss of body weight and diarrhoea were significantly alleviated only in GLN group. Animals in AX and GLN group showed significantly higher thymus weight and decreased protein expression of inflammatory mediators, less apoptotic activity and higher proliferating activity in their intestinal mucosa compared to 5-FU control group. These results suggest AX supplementation effectively improved intestinal mucositis and myelosuppression.
To fabricate lateral-field excitation (LFE)-mode solid mounted resonator (SMR)-type film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs), piezoelectric ZnO layers were deposited in an RF magnetron sputtering ...system. Control of the crystallinity, microstructure and electric properties of the piezoelectric layers was essential for fabricating high-quality LFE-mode SMR-type FBARs. In the appropriate deposition condition for FBAR devices, ZnO thin films with highly
c-axis-preferred orientation (XRD rocking curve, σ=2.17°), high resistivity of 10
6 Ω cm and surface roughness of 10.6 Å were deposited. Optimal substrate rotation was especially important for improvement of the
c-axis-preferred orientation of ZnO films. Plasma properties such as the electron temperature, plasma density and saturated ion current were also analyzed for optimal ZnO deposition conditions using a Langmuir double-probe system. The resonator, for which the active piezoelectric area was 200×200 μm
2, consisted of 1.25-μm-thick ZnO film and a 110-nm Au electrode. Its series and parallel resonance frequencies appeared at 1.68 and 1.71 GHz, respectively, and the quality factor was 201.4±7.4.
The objective of this study was to investigate the activation of natural killer (NK) cells and anticancer effects of exo-biopolymer from rice bran cultured with Lentinus edodes rice bran ...exo-biopolymer (RBEP). Oral administration of RBEP induced the activation of NK cells in a dose-dependent manner. RBEP also prolonged the life spans of mice transplanted with Sarcoma-180 cells and inhibited growing Sarcoma-180 cells in intraperitoneum. Solid tumor growth was also suppressed by oral administration of RBEP in C57/Bl6 mice transplanted with B16/Bl6 melanoma. Intraperitoneal injection of RBEP was more effective than oral administration at the same dosage in mice with transplanted tumor cells. According to this result, when RBEP directly contacts immune cells, the anticancer activity is higher than by indirectly inducing an immune response through oral administration. Therefore, we suggest that the administration of RBEP may be effective for preventing and/or treating cancer through NK cell activation. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the possible mechanisms of the anticancer activity and to investigate the other beneficial effects of RBEP for the development of a new biological response modifier.
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