The migrations of modern times have exposed psychiatrists and other medical experts to elements from other cultures which have to be recognised and discerned from pathology. In the present paper, we ...offer an overview of both historical and modern witnessings of various kinds of “possession”, with shedding light on the whole process of diagnostics—taking into account all aspects that make a person as an individual: with particular emphasis on origin, lifestyle, moral values, and ethical norms what is sometimes easily associable with culture-bound phenomena, and sometimes overstepping the border of clinical disturbance, to maximise the possibility of recovery.
Zvonimir Maretić was the pioneer of the study of venomous animals and plants, toxicology, and tourism medicine. His achievements have been recognized, but insufficiently researched. His work covers a ...broad range of biomedical sciences: from public health, ecology, and environmental protection, to epidemiology and infectology. Maretić was one of the founding members of the International Society on Toxinology and the Toxicon journal's first Editorial Board. He was the first in Europe to prepare the antilatrodectic serum and to successfully apply the weever and scorpionfish antiserum on humans. This brief note tries to commemorate the achievements of Maretić, up to now poorly recognized and insufficiently researched.
Zvonimir Maretić pionir je proučavanja otrovnih životinja i biljaka, njihove toksikologije te turističke medicine. Njegovo djelo i rad principijelno je cijenjeno, ali slabo istraženo. Djelovao je u ...širokom području medicine i biomedicinskih znanosti: od javnog zdravstva, ekologije i očuvanja okoliša do zaštite ljudskog zdravlja u obliku epidemiologije i infektologije. Jedan je od članova i osnivača Internacionalnog društva za toksinologiju i član prvoga uredničkog odbora časopisa Toxicon. Prvi je u Europi priredio anilatrodektički serum i na ljudima primijenio serum protiv otrova morskog pauka. Ovaj rad nastoji komemorirati njegova dosad zanemarena i nedovoljno istražena postignuća.
Increasing burden of melanoma in Croatia Malatestinić, Dulija; Nadarević-Stefanec, Vesna; Suljić, Petra ...
Collegium antropologicum
35 Suppl 2, Številka:
supp 2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Melanoma consists 4-5% of all skin cancers, but it contributes to 71-80% of skin cancers deaths. It is controversial whether worldwide increases in melanoma incidence represent a true epidemic but at ...the same time that dramatic increase in incidence occur in setting of relatively stable mortality trends, observed in Croatia also. The majority of authors accept that main risk factors for melanoma relate to environmental exposure and genetics with epidemiologic studies linking sun exposure to melanoma development. Data were obtained from Croatian cancer register for patients diagnosed between 1999 and 2008, for malignant melanoma of the skin (ICD-10 code C43) at national level and from 2003 to 2008, at the County level (Primorsko-goranska County). Melanoma incidence nearly doubled in males from 8.75 to 13.4/10(5) per year, fold in females from 9.1 at the start of observation to the end of 12.0/10(5) per year in Croatia. Melanoma incidence rates were much more higher for Primorsko-goranska County with range from 10.1 to 17.5/10(5) per year. The greatest increase of melanoma incidence rates was in males 60 years and over year group at diagnosis. National comparison of variation in cancer incidence by region and age can provide basis for public health prevention. It requires the integration of information on risk factors, incidence that could help to reduce regional inequalities in incidence and reduce the future cancer incidence.
Increasing Burden of Melanoma in Croatia Janković, Suzana; Šuljić, Petra; Glažar, Bojan ...
Collegium antropologicum,
09/2011, Letnik:
35 - supplement 2, Številka:
2
Paper
Odprti dostop
Melanoma consists 4–5% of all skin cancers, but it contributes to 71–80% of skin cancers deaths. It is controversial
whether worldwide increases in melanoma incidence represent a true epidemic but at ...the same time that dramatic increase
in incidence occur in setting of relatively stable mortality trends, observed in Croatia also. The majority of authors
accept that main risk factors for melanoma relate to environmental exposure and genetics with epidemiologic studies
linking sun exposure to melanoma development. Data were obtained from Croatian cancer register for patients diagnosed
between 1999 and 2008, for malignant melanoma of the skin (ICD-10 code C43) at national level and from 2003 to
2008, at the County level (Primorsko-goranska County). Melanoma incidence nearly doubled in males from 8.75 to
13.4/105 per year, fold in females from 9.1 at the start of observation to the end of 12.0/105 per year in Croatia. Melanoma
incidence rates were much more higher for Primorsko-goranska County with range from 10.1 to 17.5/105 per year. The
greatest increase of melanoma incidence rates was in males 60 years and over year group at diagnosis. National comparison
of variation in cancer incidence by region and age can provide basis for public health prevention. It requires the integration
of information on risk factors, incidence that could help to reduce regional inequalities in incidence and reduce
the future cancer incidence.
The polynuclear complex Cu(
μ-HCO
2)
2(3-pyOH)
n
(
1) shows triatomic methanoate bridges of
anti–
anti and
syn–
anti modes, on the other hand Cu
2(
μ-HCO
2)
2(
μ-3-pyOH)
2(3-pyOH)
2(HCO
2)
2
n
(
2) ...reveals only monoatomic methanoate coordination inside the dinuclear moiety and 3-hydroxypyridine connecting these units by semi-coordination. A ferromagnetic interaction is found in both complexes, however it is significantly important only for
1 (2
J
=
9.2
cm
−1). This interaction takes place via the
syn–
anti methanoates, due to the magnetic Cu(II)
d
x
2
-
y
2
orbitals on both sides of the bridge. In all the other bridging cases in
1 and
2, the non-magnetic
d
z
2
orbital is always involved.
Two novel polynuclear complexes with methanoate anions and 3-hydroxypyridine ligands Cu(
μ-HCO
2)
2(3-pyOH)
n
(
1) and Cu
2(
μ-HCO
2)
2(
μ-3-pyOH)
2(3-pyOH)
2(HCO
2)
2
n
(
2), respectively, were synthesized and characterized. The central copper atom in
1 is surrounded by four methanoates and a 3-pyOH molecule, forming a square-pyramidal CuO
3NO chromophore. All the methanoates are bidentate and serve as bridges between the adjacent copper ions via
syn-anti and
anti–anti coordination. The basal square coordination axes are formed by
O(
syn),
N(3-pyOH) (1.974(2), 2.016(2)
Å) and
O(
anti),
O(
anti) (1.945(2), 1.960(2)
Å), while the third
O(
anti) (2.247(2)
Å) is on the top of the pyramid. A ferromagnetic transition with an exchange constant 2
J/
k
B
=
9.2
cm
−1 is found for
1 below 20
K. This interaction probably takes place through two
syn-anti methanoates extended in a chain through the 2D structure. On the other hand, two monoatomic Cu–O–Cu intra-dinuclear asymmetric (1.986(2), 2.415(2)
Å) bridges of two methanoates in Cu
2(HCO
2)
4(3-pyOH)
4 (
2) are present. An elongated distorted octahedral coordination sphere around each copper(II) atom is completed by an additional monodentate terminal methanoate (1.975(2)
Å), two
N-coordinated 3-pyOH (2.005(2), 2.002(2)
Å) and the third weakly
O-coordinated 3-pyOH (2.732(2)
Å). Although a shorter Cu⋯Cu distance is noticed in
2 than in
1 (4.690(1)
Å
1, 3.442(1)
Å
2), much weaker ferromagnetism is found in
2.
Compound Cu
2(μ-L)
4(HL)
2 (
1) (HL
=
2-pyridone) shows the dinuclear cage structure with four triatomic N–C–O bridges (
paddle wheel) and monodentate apical 2-pyridones. The EPR spectra show six ...signals, as suggested for
S
=
1 spin state and
D
=
0.293
cm
−1
<
hν
=
0.320
cm
−1. Compound
1 is compared with related mixed pyridin-2-olato-methanoato complex Cu
2(μ-HCO
2)
2(μ-L)
2(HL)
2 (
2a), showing similarly strong antiferromagnetism (2
J
=
−334 (
1), −324
cm
−1 (
2a)).
A novel dinuclear complex Cu
2(μ-L)
4(HL)
2 (
1) was isolated from starting 2-pyridone (HL) via a resonance and a tautomeric transformation. Each copper centre is in a square-pyramidal coordination sphere, defined by two oxygen atoms (Cu–O4 1.978(5), Cu–O11 1.964(4)
Å) and two nitrogen atoms (Cu–N2 2.003(5), Cu–N3 2.007(5)
Å) of four bridging deprotonated pyridin-2-olates and an oxygen atom on the top from a neutral 2-pyridone (Cu–O2 2.227(5)
Å), analogous to tetracarboxylate
paddle-wheel complexes. Compound
1 was compared with mixed pyridin-2-olato/methanoato analogues Cu
2(μ-HCO
2)
2(μ-L)
2(HL)
2
·
2CH
3CN (
2) and Cu
2(μ-HCO
2)
2(μ-L)
2(HL)
2 (
2a) (
2a is an air stable form obtained from
2 outside mother-liquid). The EPR spectra of air stable
1 and
2a show three signals
H
z1
,
H
⊥2 and
H
z2
, typical for the binuclear systems with spin
S
=
1, both revealing strong antiferromagnetism 2
J
=
−334 (
1) and −324
cm
−1 (
2a). Interestingly, only for
1 additional
H
⊥1 signal at 100
mT is noticed (
D(
1)
=
0.293
cm
−1
<
hν
=
0.320
cm
−1
<
D(
2a)
=
0.347
cm
−1). On the other hand, several broad signals in the 100–450
mT region, only in the high temperature spectrum for
2a are observed. These results are in agreement with the magnetic susceptibility analysis.
Monomeric Cu(O
2CH)
2(2-mpy)
2, dimeric Cu
2(μ-O
2CH)
4(2-mpy)
2 and two polymeric complexes of alternate monomeric and dimeric building blocks, {Cu(μ-O
2CH)
2(2-mpy)
2Cu
2(μ-O
2CH)
4}
n
(2-mpy
=
...2-methylpyridine) and {Na
2Cu(μ-O
2CH)
2(O
2CH)
2Cu
2(μ-O
2CH)
4}
n
, have been characterized. A very strong antiferromagnetic (AFM) interaction is found for all the complexes with
paddle-wheel building blocks Cu
2(μ-O
2CH)
4 (2
J
=
444–482
cm
−1), attributed to the methanoate intra-binuclear bridges. This strong AFM coupling also plays an important role in the EPR signals of the two polymeric complexes, and differs structurally, especially with the monomer-dimer intra-chain bridges.
Several copper(II) methanoato complexes, namely mononuclear Cu(O
2CH)
2(2-mpy)
2 (
1) (2-mpy
=
2-methylpyridine), binuclear Cu
2(μ-O
2CH)
4(2-mpy)
2 (
2), and the polynuclear {Cu(μ-O
2CH)
2(2-mpy)
2Cu
2(μ-O
2CH)
4}
n
(
3) and {Na
2Cu(μ-O
2CH)
2(O
2CH)
2Cu
2(μ-O
2CH)
4}
n
(
4), have been synthesized. The mononuclear complex
1 is formed by two asymmetric chelate methanoate anions and two 2-methylpyridine molecules, giving a highly distorted ‘elongated octahedral’ coordination sphere. Complex
1 decomposes outside the mother-liquid, transforming into a regular isolated binuclear
paddle-wheel complex
2 with four intra-binuclear bridging methanoates and two axial 2-mpy ligands. The polynuclear complex
3 is formed of alternate mononuclear and binuclear building blocks resembling the central cores of
1 and
2, but with significant differences, especially for the methanoates of the mononuclear units. The oxygen atom of the mononuclear unit in the octahedral axial position in
3 is simultaneously coordinated to the axial position of the binuclear
paddle-wheel central core, thus enabling a chain type of structure. A chain of alternate mononuclear and binuclear building blocks, as in the neutral compound
3, are found as well in the ionic polymeric compound
4, though two types of bridges are found in
4, while there is only one type in
3. Namely, the axial position of the octahedral mononuclear unit in
4 is occupied by the methanoate oxygen atom that is already a part of the binuclear
paddle-wheel unit, while one equatorial methanoate from the mononuclear unit serves as a triatomic bridge to the axial position of the binuclear building block. A very strong antiferromagnetic interaction is found for all the complexes with the
paddle-wheel building blocks Cu
2(μ-O
2CH)
4
2–
4 (−2
J
=
444–482
cm
−1), attributed to the methanoate intra-binuclear bridges. On the other hand, this strong antiferromagnetism, found already at room temperature, reduces the intensity of the EPR
S
=
1 spin signals reported for the isolated
paddle-wheel complex
2. For the polymeric
3, only the spin
S
=
½ signals are found in the EPR spectra, and they are assigned to the mononuclear building blocks. No signals with a clear origin are however seen in the room temperature EPR spectrum of the polymeric analogue
4, only the
S
=
½ signals in the low temperature spectra. This feature is suggested to be due to a specific influence between the adjacent
S
=
1 (binuclear) and
S
=
½ (mononuclear) species via their bridges.
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