Family-witnessed resuscitation is not consistently practiced in critical care despite the fact that it is recommended and research shows that it supports the emotional needs of families and patients ...and improves decision-making, care, and communication. Nurses support the idea of family-witnessed resuscitation but may not believe it should be standard practice.
To examine the attitudes of American community hospital critical care nurses about family-witnessed resuscitation and to identify differences in attitudes between nurses who have and have not experienced it.
This cross-sectional, descriptive study of 40 critical care nurses was conducted at 2 community hospitals. Demographic data were collected and a previously developed questionnaire was used to survey participants on their attitudes about family-witnessed resuscitation factors including decision-making, process, and outcomes.
Most participants (92%) had experienced family-witnessed resuscitation and most had positive attitudes about the benefits and outcomes of family-witnessed resuscitation. Participants did not believe that family presence is too distressing for families or that resuscitation team performance would be negatively affected. Participants indicated that fear of litigation, family disruption of resuscitation, and family misinterpretation of procedures would not increase with family presence.
Findings show that community hospital critical care nurses support family-witnessed resuscitation. Prior experiences and cultural beliefs should be considered when developing family-witnessed resuscitation policies. Further research is needed on the influence of these factors on nurses' attitudes toward family presence to inform practice.
This paper examines the relationship between globalisation and the size of the shadow economy, focusing on the differential effects of de jure and de facto globalisation. Using panel data on over 120 ...countries from 1991 to 2017, the results suggest that globalisation reduces the prevalence of the shadow economy. Furthermore, after differentiating between de jure and de facto globalisation, we find that both de facto and de jure globalisation are effective in curbing the spread of the shadow economy, with de jure globalisation showing a marginally larger impact. However, once we disaggregate the sample into OECD and non‐OECD countries, the results show that it is mainly the OECD countries driving this result while the influence of globalisation is statistically insignificant in non‐OECD countries. These results withstand a series of robustness analyses and offer important policy implications.
The MATHUSLA test stand Alidra, Maf; Alpigiani, Cristiano; Ball, Austin ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
01/2021, Letnik:
985
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The rate of muons from LHC pp collisions reaching the surface above the ATLAS interaction point is measured as a function of the ATLAS luminosity and compared with expected rates from decays of W and ...Z bosons and b- and c-quark jets. In addition, data collected during periods without beams circulating in the LHC provide a measurement of the background from cosmic ray inelastic backscattering that is compared to simulation predictions. Data were recorded during 2018 in a 2.5 × 2.5 × 6.5 m3 active volume MATHUSLA test stand detector unit consisting of two scintillator planes, one at the top and one at the bottom, which defined the trigger, and six layers of RPCs between them, grouped into three (x,y)-measuring layers separated by 1.74 m from each other. Triggers selecting both upward-going tracks and downward-going tracks were used.
The MATHUSLA test stand Alidra, Maf; Alpigiani, Cristiano; Ball, Austin ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
09/2020, Letnik:
985
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The rate of muons from LHC pp collisions reaching the surface above the ATLAS interaction point is measured as a function of the ATLAS luminosity and compared with expected rates from decays of W and ...Z bosons and b- and c-quark jets. In addition, data collected during periods without beams circulating in the LHC provide a measurement of the background from cosmic ray inelastic backscattering that is compared to simulation predictions. Data were recorded during 2018 in a 2.5 × 2.5 × 6.5 m3 active volume MATHUSLA test stand detector unit consisting of two scintillator planes, one at the top and one at the bottom, which defined the trigger, and six layers of RPCs between them, grouped into three (x, y)-measuring layers separated by 1.74 m from each other. Triggers selecting both upward-going tracks and downward-going tracks were used.
The MATHUSLA Test Stand Alidra, Maf; Alpigiani, Cristiano; Ball, Austin ...
arXiv.org,
09/2020
Paper, Journal Article
Odprti dostop
The rate of muons from LHC \(pp\) collisions reaching the surface above the ATLAS interaction point is measured and compared with expected rates from decays of \(W\) and \(Z\) bosons and \(b\)- and ...\(c\)-quark jets. In addition, data collected during periods without beams circulating in the LHC provide a measurement of the background from cosmic ray inelastic backscattering that is compared to simulation predictions. Data were recorded during 2018 in a 2.5 \(\times\) 2.5 \(\times\) 6.5~\(\rm{m}^3\) active volume MATHUSLA test stand detector unit consisting of two scintillator planes, one at the top and one at the bottom, which defined the trigger, and six layers of RPCs between them, grouped into three \((x,y)\)-measuring layers separated by 1.74 m from each other. Triggers selecting both upward-going tracks and downward-going tracks were used.
The observation of long-lived particles at the LHC would reveal physics beyond the Standard Model, could account for the many open issues in our understanding of our universe, and conceivably point ...to a more complete theory of the fundamental interactions. Such long-lived particle signatures are fundamentally motivated and can appear in virtually every theoretical construct that address the Hierarchy Problem, Dark Matter, Neutrino Masses and the Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe. We describe in this document a large detector, MATHUSLA, located on the surface above an HL-LHC \(pp\) interaction point, that could observe long-lived particles with lifetimes up to the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis limit of 0.1 s. We also note that its large detector area allows MATHUSLA to make important contributions to cosmic ray physics. Because of the potential for making a major breakthrough in our conceptual understanding of the universe, long-lived particle searches should have the highest level of priority.
In this Letter of Intent (LOI) we propose the construction of MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles), a dedicated large-volume displaced vertex detector for the HL-LHC ...on the surface above ATLAS or CMS. Such a detector, which can be built using existing technologies with a reasonable budget in time for the HL-LHC upgrade, could search for neutral long-lived particles (LLPs) with up to several orders of magnitude better sensitivity than ATLAS or CMS, while also acting as a cutting-edge cosmic ray telescope at CERN to explore many open questions in cosmic ray and astro-particle physics. We review the physics motivations for MATHUSLA and summarize its LLP reach for several different possible detector geometries, as well as outline the cosmic ray physics program. We present several updated background studies for MATHUSLA, which help inform a first detector-design concept utilizing modular construction with Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) as the primary tracking technology. We present first efficiency and reconstruction studies to verify the viability of this design concept, and we explore some aspects of its total cost. We end with a summary of recent progress made on the MATHUSLA test stand, a small-scale demonstrator experiment currently taking data at CERN Point 1, and finish with a short comment on future work.
Meningococcal meningitis is a severe central nervous system infection that occurs when
(
) penetrates brain endothelial cells (BECs) of the meningeal blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. As a ...human-specific pathogen,
models are greatly limited and pose a significant challenge.
cell models have been developed, however, most lack critical BEC phenotypes limiting their usefulness. Human BECs generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) retain BEC properties and offer the prospect of modeling the human-specific
interaction with BECs. Here, we exploit iPSC-BECs as a novel cellular model to study
host-pathogen interactions, and provide an overview of host responses to
infection. Using iPSC-BECs, we first confirmed that multiple
strains and mutants follow similar phenotypes to previously described models. The recruitment of the recently published pilus adhesin receptor CD147 underneath meningococcal microcolonies could be verified in iPSC-BECs.
was also observed to significantly increase the expression of pro-inflammatory and neutrophil-specific chemokines
,
,
,
, and
, and the secretion of IFN-γ and RANTES. For the first time, we directly observe that
disrupts the three tight junction proteins ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5, which become frayed and/or discontinuous in BECs upon
challenge. In accordance with tight junction loss, a sharp loss in
endothelial electrical resistance, and an increase in sodium fluorescein permeability and in bacterial transmigration, was observed. Finally, we established RNA-Seq of sorted, infected iPSC-BECs, providing expression data of
-responsive host genes. Altogether, this model provides novel insights into
pathogenesis, including an impact of
on barrier properties and tight junction complexes, and suggests that the paracellular route may contribute to
traversal of BECs.
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