The effect of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), an arachidonic acid metabolite of 12-lipoxygenase, to activate p21(Rac/Cdc42)-activated kinase (PAK1) was studied in a Chinese hamster ovary ...fibroblast cell line overexpressing the rat vascular type-1a angiotensin II receptor (CHO-AT(1a)). 12-HETE (0.1 microM) treatment induced a time-dependent activation of PAK1, with a peak effect at 10 min (335 +/- 16% of control; n=3, P<0.001). The stimulatory effect of 12-HETE on PAK1 activity was dose-dependent, with the maximal activation at 0.01 microM (350+/-15% of control; n=3, P<0.001). A PAK1 fragment encoding the Cdc42/Rac binding domain (amino acid residues 67-150 of hPAK1 termed PBD), was transfected into CHO-AT(1a) cells. PBD transfection markedly reduced 12-HETE-induced PAK1 activation. Furthermore, transfection of dominant negative Cdc42 and Rac1 inhibited 12-HETE-induced PAK1, strongly suggesting that Cdc42 and Rac1 are the upstream activators of 12-HETE-induced PAK1 activation. Low concentrations (1.5 microM) of LY294002, a highly specific inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K), abolished 12-HETE-induced PAK1 activation, suggesting that PI-3K activation is upstream of 12-HETE-induced PAK1 activation. Transfection of dominant negative PAK1 blocked 12-HETE-induced PAK1, cJun N-terminal kinase (JNK1) and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity, while transfection of constitutively active PAK1 stimulated PAK1, JNK1 and ERK activity, suggesting that PAK1 is an upstream activator of 12-HETE-induced JNK1 and ERK activation in these cells. We conclude that 12-HETE can activate Cdc42, Rac1 and PI-3K, which then participate as upstream signalling molecules for PAK1 and JNK1 activation.
The twentieth century was one of profound transformation in
rural America. Demographic shifts and economic restructuring have
conspired to alter dramatically the lives of rural people and their
...communities. Challenges for Rural America in the Twenty-First
Century defines these changes and interprets their
implications for the future of rural America. The volume follows in
the tradition of "decennial volumes" co-edited by presidents of the
Rural Sociological Society and published in the Society's Rural
Studies Series. Essays have been specially commissioned to examine
key aspects of public policy relevant to rural America in the new
century.
Contributors include:Lionel Beaulieu, Alessandro Bonnano, David
Brown, Ralph Brown, Frederick Buttel, Ted Bradshaw, Douglas
Constance, Steve Daniels, Lynn England, William Falk, Cornelia
Flora, Jan Flora, Glenn Fuguitt, Nina Glasgow, Leland Glenna,
Angela Gonzales, Gary Green, Rosalind Harris, Tom Hirschl, Douglas
Jackson-Smith, Leif Jensen, Ken Johnson, Richard Krannich, Daniel
Lichter, Linda Lobao, Al Luloff, Tom Lyson, Kate MacTavish, David
McGranahan, Diane McLaughlin, Philip McMichael, Lois Wright Morton,
Domenico Parisi, Peggy Petrzelka, Kenneth Pigg, Rogelio Saenz,
Sonya Salamon, Jeff Sharp, Curtis Stofferahn, Louis Swanson, Ann
Tickameyer, Leanne Tigges, Cruz Torres, Mildred Warner, Ronald
Wimberley, Dreamal Worthen, and Julie Zimmerman.
Longitudinal Follow-Up of Unipolar Depressives Gonzales, Linda R; Lewinsohn, Peter M; Clarke, Gregory N
Journal of consulting and clinical psychology,
08/1985, Letnik:
53, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluations (
Shapiro & Keller, 1979
) were conducted on 113 adult unipolar depressives who had completed a cognitive-behavioral intervention in order to examine 1- to ...3-year outcome and to identify risk factors for relapse. Patients had been assigned to categories of major depressive disorder, intermittent depressive disorder, or superimposed depressive disorder according to pretreatment symptomatology using the Research Diagnostic Criteria. Recovery rate of the major depressives (75%) was significantly higher (
p
< .006) than that of the intermittent depressives (43%) or that of the superimposed depressives (27%). Significant predictors of relapse, accounting for 38% of the variance, included greater number of previous episodes of depression, family history, poor health, history of depression in first-degree relatives, higher dissatisfaction with major life roles, higher depression level at entry to the study, and younger age.
We present the discovery of KELT-21b, a hot Jupiter transiting the \(V=10.5\) A8V star HD 332124. The planet has an orbital period of \(P=3.6127647\pm0.0000033\) days and a radius of ...\(1.586_{-0.040}^{+0.039}\) \(R_J\). We set an upper limit on the planetary mass of \(M_P<3.91\) \(M_J\) at \(3\sigma\) confidence. We confirmed the planetary nature of the transiting companion using this mass limit and Doppler tomographic observations to verify that the companion transits HD 332124. These data also demonstrate that the planetary orbit is well-aligned with the stellar spin, with a sky-projected spin-orbit misalignment of \(\lambda=-5.6_{-1.9}^{+1.7 \circ}\). The star has \(T_{\mathrm{eff}}=7598_{-84}^{+81}\) K, \(M_*=1.458_{-0.028}^{+0.029}\) \(M_{\odot}\), \(R_*=1.638\pm0.034\) \(R_{\odot}\), and \(v\sin I_*=146\) km s\(^{-1}\), the highest projected rotation velocity of any star known to host a transiting hot Jupiter. The star also appears to be somewhat metal-poor and \(\alpha\)-enhanced, with Fe/H\(=-0.405_{-0.033}^{+0.032}\) and \(\alpha\)/Fe\(=0.145 \pm 0.053\); these abundances are unusual, but not extraordinary, for a young star with thin-disk kinematics like KELT-21. High-resolution imaging observations revealed the presence of a pair of stellar companions to KELT-21, located at a separation of 1.2" and with a combined contrast of \(\Delta K_S=6.39 \pm 0.06\) with respect to the primary. Although these companions are most likely physically associated with KELT-21, we cannot confirm this with our current data. If associated, the candidate companions KELT-21 B and C would each have masses of \(\sim0.12\) \(M_{\odot}\), a projected mutual separation of \(\sim20\) AU, and a projected separation of \(\sim500\) AU from KELT-21. KELT-21b may be one of only a handful of known transiting planets in hierarchical triple stellar systems.
Objective. To determine the association between preventive knowledge and practices in parents of pediatric patients hospitalized in a reference hospital in 2022. Materials and methods. Observational, ...analytical, and cross-sectional study conducted between October and December 2022. Preventive practices against COVID-19 were evaluated using an instrument developed by Fernández-Guzmán et al., and knowledge about COVID-19 was assessed using the KNOW-PCOVID-19 by Mejía et al. Prevalence ratios were calculated with a 95% confidence interval. Crude and adjusted analyses were performed, considering a significant p-value <0.05. STATA v.16 software was used for the analysis. Results. The final sample included 338 participants, mostly women (74.6%), aged between 32 and 35 years. 26.6% of parents had a high level of preventive practices, and 26.3% of them had a high level of knowledge about COVID-19. A significant association was found between gender and preventive practices, with men showing a 50% lower prevalence than women (PR: 0.50; 95%CI: 0.29-0.86, p=0.013). Conclusions. An association was found between a high level of knowledge and preventive practices in parents of hospitalized children. Although close to three out of ten parents demonstrated good compliance with preventive practices; men showed lower compliance than women. Therefore, we highlight the need for strategies to strengthen communication to improve understanding and promote a more effective response to COVID-19.
Objetivo. Determinar la asociación entre conocimientos y prácticas de prevención frente al COVID-19 de los padres de familia de pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados en un hospital de referencia del Perú en 2022. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional, analítico y transversal llevado a cabo entre octubre y diciembre de 2022. Las prácticas preventivas frente al COVID-19 se evaluaron con un instrumento elaborado por Fernández-Guzmán et al; los conocimientos sobre el COVID-19, con el KNOW-PCOVID-19 de Mejía et al. Se calcularon razones de prevalencia con intervalos de confianza del 95 %, y se realizaron análisis crudos y ajustados, considerando significativo un valor p < 0,05. Se utilizó el software STATA v.16 para los análisis. Resultados. La muestra final constó de 338 participantes, mayoritariamente mujeres (74,6 %), con edades entre 32 y 35 años. El 26,6 % de los padres tenía un alto nivel de prácticas preventivas, y un 26,3 %, un alto nivel de conocimientos sobre el COVID-19. Se encontró una asociación significativa entre el sexo y las prácticas preventivas: la prevalencia de los hombres era un 50 % menor que la de las mujeres (RPa: 0,50; IC95%: 0,29-0,86, p = 0,013). Conclusiones. Se halló una asociación entre un alto nivel de conocimientos y prácticas preventivas en padres de niños hospitalizados. Aunque cerca de tres de cada diez padres demostraron un buen cumplimiento de las prácticas preventivas, los hombres mostraron un menor cumplimiento que las mujeres. Por lo tanto, resaltamos la necesidad de estrategias que fortalezcan la comunicación para mejorar la comprensión y promover una respuesta más efectiva frente al COVID-19.
The control of fruit flies in Colombia is done with monitoring efforts, with the use of insecticides sprayed or in the form of toxic baits, and with the use of cultural practices. Monitoring is an ...essential activity and it is done with McPhail traps baited with hydrolyzed protein. As an economical alternative to the use of traps with hydrolyzed protein, this work studied the efficiency of human urine for monitoring fruit flies for small and medium sized fruit producers. Ten treatments were evaluated (urine from women, men and each one mixed at 30, 50 and 70% concentration and the hydrolyzed protein as a control), with four repetitions and in a randomized block design. Multilure registered traps were used, hung every 28 m in the national mango collection in the Nataima Research Center located in, Espinal, Tolima, Colombia). Counts of males and females captured in the traps were made twice weekly, and the attractants were replenished weekly. For the females, the developmental stage of the ovaries was determined in order to determine their physiological age (young, mature, old). There was no statistically significant difference in male urine at the concentration of 70% treatment and the hydrolyzed protein; however, the efficiency of the other treatments, with respect to the hydrolyzed protein, was over 40%. In all of the treatments there were greater captures of old females. It is discussed that human urine can be used as an alternative to hydrolyzed protein for the monitoring of this pest by small and medium sized producers.Original Abstract: El control de las moscas de las frutas en Colombia se realiza con labores de monitoreo, con el uso de in-secticidas en aspersion o en forma de cebos toxicos y con la utilizacion de practicas culturales. El monitoreo es una actividad esencial y se realiza con trampas McPhail cebadas con proteina hidrolizada. Como alternativa economica al uso de trampas con proteina hidrolizada, en este trabajo se estudio la eficiencia de la orina humana para el monitoreo de moscas de las frutas por parte de pequenos y medianos productores fruticolas. Se utilizaron 10 tratamientos (orina de mujer, hombre y su mezcla al 30%, 50% y 70% de concentracion cada uno y la proteina hidrolizada como testigo), con cuatro repeticiones en un diseno de bloques al azar. Se utilizaron trampas Multilure registered , colocadas a 28 m de distancia entre si, en la coleccion nacional de mango del centro de investigaciones Nataima, ubicado en el Espinal, Tolima. Se realizaron los conteos de las moscas, machos y hembras capturadas en las trampas, dos veces por semana y se renovaron los atrayentes semanalmente. En las hembras se determino el estado de desarrollo de los ovarios para determinar su edad fisiologica (joven, madura, vieja). No hubo diferencias estadisticas significativas entre la orina de hombre al 70% de concentracion y la proteina hidrolizada; sin embargo, la eficiencia de captura de los otros tratamientos, con respecto a la proteina hidrolizada, supero el 40%. En todos los tratamientos hubo mayores capturas de hembras viejas. Se discute que la orina humana puede ser utilizada como opcion a la proteina hidrolizada para el monitoreo de esta plaga por parte de pequenos y medianos productores.
The amyloid hypothesis states that a variety of neurotoxic β-amyloid (Aβ) species contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Accordingly, a key determinant of disease onset and ...progression is the appropriate balance between Aβ production and clearance. Enzymes responsible for the degradation of Aβ are not well understood, and, thus far, it has not been possible to enhance Aβ catabolism by pharmacological manipulation. We provide evidence that Aβ catabolism is increased after inhibition of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and may constitute a viable therapeutic approach for lowering brain Aβ levels. PAI-1 inhibits the activity of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), an enzyme that cleaves plasminogen to generate plasmin, a protease that degrades Aβ oligomers and monomers. Because tPA, plasminogen and PAI-1 are expressed in the brain, we tested the hypothesis that inhibitors of PAI-1 will enhance the proteolytic clearance of brain Aβ. Our data demonstrate that PAI-1 inhibitors augment the activity of tPA and plasmin in hippocampus, significantly lower plasma and brain Aβ levels, restore long-term potentiation deficits in hippocampal slices from transgenic Aβ-producing mice, and reverse cognitive deficits in these mice. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
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