Photovoltaic solar energy: Conceptual framework Sampaio, Priscila Gonçalves Vasconcelos; González, Mario Orestes Aguirre
Renewable & sustainable energy reviews,
07/2017, Letnik:
74
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The purpose of this article is to understand the state of art of photovoltaic solar energy through a systematic literature research, in which the following themes are approached: ways of obtaining ...the energy, its advantages and disadvantages, applications, current market, costs and technologies according to what has been approached in the scientific researches published until 2016. For this research, we performed a qualitative and quantitative approach with a non-probabilistic sample size, obtaining 142 articles published since 1996–2016 with a slitting cut. The analysis result of this research shows that studies about photovoltaic energy are rising and may perform an important role in reaching a high-energy demand around the world. To increase the participation of photovoltaic energy in the renewable energy market requires, first, to raise awareness regarding its benefits; to increase the research and development of new technologies; to implement public policies a programs that will encourage photovoltaic energy generation. Although crystal silicon solar cells were predominant, other types of cells have been developed, which can compete, both in terms of cost reduction of production, or in terms of greater efficiency. The main applications are dominated by telecommunications, water pumping, public lighting, BIPV, agriculture, water heating, grain drying, water desalination, space vehicles and satellites. The studies found on photovoltaic solar energy are all technical, thus creating the need for future research related to the economic viability, chain supply coordination, analysis of barriers and incentives to photovoltaic solar energy and deeper studies about the factors that influence the position of such technologies in the market.
Autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) and affective touch (AT) are two phenomena that have been independently investigated from separate lines of research. In this article, I provide a unified ...theoretical framework for understanding and studying them as complementary processes. I highlight their shared biological basis and positive effects on emotional and psychophysiological regulation. Drawing from evolutionary and developmental theories, I propose that ASMR results from the development of biological mechanisms associated with early affiliative behaviour and self-regulation, similar to AT. I also propose a multimodal interoceptive mechanism underlying both phenomena, suggesting that different sensory systems could specifically respond to affective stimulation (caresses, whispers and affective faces), where the integration of those inputs occurs in the brain's interoceptive hubs, allowing physiological regulation. The implications of this proposal are discussed with a view to future research that jointly examines ASMR and AT, and their potential impact on improving emotional well-being and mental health.
Autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) and affective touch (AT) are two phenomena that have been independently investigated from separate lines of research. In this article, I provide a unified ...theoretical framework for understanding and studying them as complementary processes. I highlight their shared biological basis and positive effects on emotional and psychophysiological regulation. Drawing from evolutionary and developmental theories, I propose that ASMR results from the development of biological mechanisms associated with early affiliative behaviour and self‐regulation, similar to AT. I also propose a multimodal interoceptive mechanism underlying both phenomena, suggesting that different sensory systems could specifically respond to affective stimulation (caresses, whispers and affective faces), where the integration of those inputs occurs in the brain's interoceptive hubs, allowing physiological regulation. The implications of this proposal are discussed with a view to future research that jointly examines ASMR and AT, and their potential impact on improving emotional well‐being and mental health.
A unified framework for understanding autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) and affective touch (AT) as complementary biological processes is presented. The framework highlights their psychophysiological commonalities and connections to early affiliative behaviour. It is proposed that a multimodal mechanism integrates social‐affective information into interoceptive brain hubs, leading to physiological regulation.
The 78 kDa glucose‐regulated protein (GRP78) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐resident molecular chaperone. GRP78 is a member of the 70 kDa heat shock family of proteins involved in correcting and ...clearing misfolded proteins in the ER. In response to cellular stress, GRP78 escapes from the ER and moves to the plasma membrane where it (a) functions as a receptor for many ligands, and (b) behaves as an autoantigen for autoantibodies that contribute to human disease and cancer. Cell surface GRP78 (csGRP78) associates with the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC‐I), and is the port of entry for several viruses, including the predictive binding of the novel SARS‐CoV‐2. Furthermore, csGRP78 is found in association with partners as diverse as the teratocarcinoma‐derived growth factor 1 (Cripto), the melanocortin‐4 receptor (MC4R) and the DnaJ‐like protein MTJ‐1. CsGRP78 also serves as a receptor for a large variety of ligands including activated α2‐macroglobulin (α2M*), plasminogen kringle 5 (K5), microplasminogen, the voltage‐dependent anion channel (VDAC), tissue factor (TF), and the prostate apoptosis response‐4 protein (Par‐4). In this review, we discuss the mechanisms involved in the translocation of GRP78 from the ER to the cell surface, and the role of secreted GRP78 and its autoantibodies in cancer and neurological disorders.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Trauma survivors with chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been found to have cognitive impairment. But little is known about these outcomes among Latino and ...Asians who comprise more than 80% of the U.S. immigrant population. They also experience disparities in PTSD and dementia care albeit increased exposure to trauma. This study aimed to (1) examine the association between trauma exposures and PTSD with cognitive impairment in a sample of Latino and Asian older adults; and (2) assess whether sleep quality attenuated the PTSD‐cognitive impairment association.
DESIGN
Cross‐sectional secondary analysis of baseline data from the Positive Minds‐Strong Bodies randomized controlled trial on disability prevention.
SETTING
Community‐based organizations serving minority or immigrant older adults in Massachusetts, New York, Florida, or Puerto Rico.
PARTICIPANTS
Hispanic/Latino and Asian/Pacific Islander adults aged 60 or older eligible per randomized controlled trial screening for elevated mood symptoms and minor‐to‐moderate physical dysfunction (n = 134 and n = 86, respectively).
MEASUREMENTS
Neuropsychiatric measures were cognitive impairment (Mini Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)), PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual‐5), trauma exposure (Brief Trauma Questionnaire), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9), generalized anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale‐7), and daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale).
RESULTS
Mean age was 72.8 years and 77.5 years for the Latino and Asian groups, respectively. The Asian group was 100% immigrant, whereas 70.2% (n = 92) of the Latino group was foreign‐born. In unadjusted models, higher Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual‐5 scores were associated with decreased odds of normal cognitive functioning (MoCA ≥25) in the Asian group (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = .93 (.87, .99)), but not the Latino group (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = .99 (.95, 1.05)). This association remained significant after adjusting for covariates. Daytime sleepiness did not moderate the association between PTSD and cognitive functioning in the Asian group.
CONCLUSION
Higher PTSD symptoms were associated with cognitive impairment in Asian, but not Latino, older adults. Clinicians serving older Asians should integrate trauma and cognitive screening to ensure this growing, underserved population receives appropriate evidence‐based treatments.
In response to demands by new clean renewable energy sources, emerged in Brazil in the last 10 years many investors interested in implementing wind farms. Thus arises the question of how the ...surrounding communities may be affected positively and/or negatively by installing wind farms projects and other energy renewable sources. The aim of this study is to propose a set of guidelines and best practices for public managers, public authorities and owners of wind farms and other energy renewable sources about the perspective of the sustainable development of the surrounding communities. The research was conducted in three phases: Literature review on sustainable development; case study in major community (A) and minor communities (B, C and D) where were implemented wind farms; Development of the best practice and guidelines, through the Brainstorming, Focus Group, Current Reality Tree and Creating Shared Value. The results show the political dimension of sustainability as a root cause of underdevelopment of communities. Were proposed a set of 22 guidelines and best practices that contribute to the sustainable development of communities.
•Wind farms represent an opportunity for sustainable development of their surrounding communities.•Sustainable development beyond the economic, social and environmental depends of policy and culture.•The wind farm stakeholders should be involved since the start of construction project.•The paper introduces good practices to the sustainable development of wind farm nearby communities.
Photovoltaic technologies: Mapping from patent analysis Sampaio, Priscila Gonçalves Vasconcelos; González, Mario Orestes Aguirre; de Vasconcelos, Rafael Monteiro ...
Renewable & sustainable energy reviews,
10/2018, Letnik:
93
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The objective of this article is to identify the technological development of photovoltaic cells by the analysis of patents. The Derwent Innovations Index (DII) database of Thomson Derwent was used ...for this research. 22,682 patents were obtained. The results indicate that 1) the number of patents deposited on photovoltaic cells grows every year, 2) the main depositor countries are the United States, China, Japan, Germany and South Korea, 3) American and Japanese organizations stand out with the highest number of patent registrations, 4) the main areas of knowledge were Engineering, Instruments and Instrumentation, Energy and Fuels, Chemistry and Polymer Science, 5) the patents on photovoltaic cells are concentrated in the area of semiconductors for the conversion of solar radiation into electric energy, in the area of generators for the direct conversion of light energy into electric energy and in the area of solar panels adapted for roof structures and 6) there is a prominence of deposited patents for polymer-based photovoltaic cell technologies, carbon nanostructures, III-V compounds, cadmium telluride and amorphous silicon cells.
•Is to identified the technological development of photovoltaic cells by the analysis of patents.•The main depositor countries are the USA, China, Japan, Germany and South Korea.•American and Japanese organizations stand out with the highest number of patent registrations.•The main areas of knowledge were Engineering, Instruments and Instrumentation, Energy and Fuels, Chemistry and Polymer Science.•The patents on photovoltaic cells are concentrated in the area of semiconductors for the conversion of solar radiation into electric energy, in the area of generators for the direct conversion of light energy into electric energy and in the area of solar panels adapted for roof structures.•There is a prominence of deposited patents for polymer-based photovoltaic cell technologies, carbon nanostructures, III-V compounds, CdTe and amorphous silicon cells.
Exosomes are cell‐derived nanovesicles with a proven intercellular signaling role in inflammation processes and immune response. Due to their natural origin and liposome‐like structure, these ...nanometer‐scale vesicles have emerged as novel platforms for therapy and diagnosis. In this work, goat milk exosomes are isolated and fully characterized in terms of their physicochemical properties, proteomics, and biochemical profile in healthy mice, and used to detect inflammatory processes by optical imaging. For the in vitro and in vivo experiments, the exosomes are covalently labeled with the commercial fluorophores sulfo‐Cyanine 5 and BODIPY‐FL to create nanoprobes. In vitro studies using confocal imaging, flow cytometry, and colorimetric assays confirm the internalization of the nanoprobes as well their lack of cytotoxicity in macrophage populations RAW 264.7. Optical imaging in the mouse peritoneal region confirms the in vivo ability of one of the nanoprobes to localize inflammatory processes. In vivo imaging shows exosome uptake in the inflamed peritoneal region, and flow‐cytometric analysis of peritonitis exudates confirms the uptake by macrophage and neutrophil populations. These results support the promising use of goat milk exosomes as natural probes in the detection of inflammatory processes.
Exosomes extracted from goat milk is presented for the first time as natural liposome‐like nanoparticles for the detection of inflammatory processes by optical imaging. The ability of the novel nanoplatforms to detect inflammatory cells is initially evaluated in vitro and subsequently in vivo in a mouse model of peritonitis by optical techniques.
The worldwide use of plant biostimulants (PBs) represents an environmentally friendly tool to increase crop yield and productivity. PBs include different substances, compounds, and growth-promoting ...microorganism formulations, such as those derived from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) or seaweed extracts (SEs), which are used to regulate or enhance physiological processes in plants. This study analyzed the physiological, ecological, and biochemical implications of the addition of two PBs, AMF or SE (both alone and in combination), on tomato plants (
Solanum lycopersicum
L. cv. “Rio Fuego”). The physiological responses evaluated were related to plant growth and photosynthetic performance. The ecological benefits were assessed based on the success of AMF colonization, flowering, resistance capacity, nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), and polyphenol content. Biochemical effects were evaluated
via
protein, lipid, carbohydrate, nitrogen, and phosphorous content. Each PB was found to benefit tomato plants in a different but complementary manner. AMF resulted in an energetically expensive (high ETR
MAX
but low growth) but protective (high NPQ and polyphenol content) response. AMF + nutritive solution (NS) induced early floration but resulted in low protein, carbohydrate, and lipid content. Both AMF and AMF + NS favored foliar instead of root development. In contrast, SE and SE + NS favored protein content and root development and did not promote flowering. However, the combination of both PBs (AMF + SE) resulted in an additive effect, reflected in an increase in both foliar and root growth as well as protein and carbohydrate content. Moreover, a synergistic effect was also found, which was expressed in accelerated flowering and AMF colonization. We present evidence of benefits to plant performance (additive and synergistic) due to the interactive effects between microbial (AMF) and nonmicrobial (SEs) PBs and propose that the complementary modes of action of both PBs may be responsible for the observed positive effects due to the new and emerging properties of their components instead of exclusively being the result of known constituents. These results will be an important contribution to biostimulant research and to the development of a second generation of PBs in which combined and complementary mechanisms may be functionally designed.
Offshore wind energy is a key driver of the global energy transition towards climate change. The regulatory framework in environmental licensing for renewable energy sources is specific for each ...country, however there are basic elements that can be replicated for new markets. This article aims to propose guidelines and policy implications in environmental licensing for offshore wind projects for new markets based on the state of the art and lessons learned from three mature countries and one emerging market. The research involved three phases: literature review on sustainable development and environmental licensing procedures for offshore wind farms; research cases in the United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark, and Taiwan; and the structuring of guidelines and policy implications. As a result, eight guidelines and their policy implications are proposed, among them: (i) Establishment of a national offshore wind energy production target; (ii) Mapping of marine offshore wind zones; (iii) Adoption of a “one-stop-shop” procedure; (iv) Development of a guide for environmental licensing for offshore wind farms; and others. In conclusion, the establishment of a regulatory framework in environmental licensing for offshore wind projects, based on sustainable development principles and good practices of leading markets, guides public policies of new markets to have a greater probability of sustainable development.
•Offshore wind projects mostly require an Environmental Impact Assessment for their installation.•The one-stop-shop procedure for granting all licenses for offshore wind projects is a general trend.•Strategic Environmental Assessment studies prevent severe adverse impacts on the marine environment.•Maritime Spatial Planning accelerates the environmental licensing of offshore wind projects.•Public consultation is currently present in most offshore wind project consenting procedures.
PDF
