Development and Validation of the Pride in Eating Pathology Scale (PEP‐S) Faija, Cintia L.; Fox, John R. E.; Tierney, Stephanie ...
Clinical psychology & psychotherapy/Clinical psychology and psychotherapy,
January/February 2017, 2017-Jan, 2017-01-00, 20170101, Letnik:
24, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Children and young people's reports of experiences of adverse childhood events have increased in recent years, and this trend has been associated with an elevated risk for suicide behaviors. However, ...a systematic review and meta-analysis is needed to confirm the significance of this association in young people.
To quantify the association between core types of childhood maltreatment, including sexual, physical, and emotional abuse and/or neglect and suicide behaviors in children and young adults.
Medline, PsychInfo, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health) databases were searched from January 1, 1980, until December 31, 2019. The reference lists of all the included studies were also checked.
Quantitative studies that focused on the association between core types of childhood abuse and/or neglect and suicide ideation, plans, and attempts.
Data were extracted by 2 independent raters. Publication bias and risk of bias across studies were assessed. Meta-analyses using random-effect models were applied, and heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 statistic. Data were analyzed from January to May 2020 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guidelines.
The association between core types of childhood maltreatment and suicide behaviors.
Seventy-nine studies with 337 185 young individuals (mean SD age, 15.67 2.11 years; 63.19% female) were included. The findings demonstrated that sexual abuse (odds ratio OR, 3.41; 95% CI, 2.90-4.00), physical abuse (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.75-2.71), emotional abuse (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.37-3.57), emotional neglect (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.36-2.74), physical neglect (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.27-2.53), and combined abuse (OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 2.09-5.47) were significantly associated with higher rates of suicide attempts. Core types of childhood maltreatment were also associated with as much as 2.5-fold greater odds for suicide ideation, and sexual abuse with a 4.0-fold increase for suicide plans. Studies based on community samples (β SE = -1.68 0.79; P = .04) or with lower methodological quality (β SE = -2.86 1.30; P = .03) were associated more strongly with suicide attempts in those reporting experiences of sexual abuse, whereas young age was associated with both suicide attempts (β SE = -0.59 0.27; P = .03) and ideation (β SE = -0.41 0.18; P = .03).
These findings suggest that policy actions should focus on raising public awareness and offering proactive suicide prevention therapies for children and young adults who have experienced abuse and/or neglect.
Although a growing number of studies have examined the frequency of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), there is controversy about the frequency ...and burden of suicidality in OCD. This is the first systematic review aimed at examining the association between suicidality and OCD and at providing evidence about psychological mechanisms that may underlie suicidality in those with OCD. Five electronic bibliographic databases were searched up to April 2014: Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL. Meta-analysis using random effects models was conducted. Forty-eight studies were included in the systematic review. The pooled effect size across 30 independent comparisons revealed a moderate to high, significant association between suicidality and OCD (Hedges’ g=0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.49–0.82) which persisted across different types of suicidality including suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Comorbid Axis I disorders, increased severity of comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms, increased severity of obsessions, feelings of hopelessness and past history of suicide attempts were associated with worsening levels of suicidality in OCD. There was no indication for publication bias but the methodological quality of the studies was low. The theoretical, research and clinical implications of these findings are emphasized.
•The link between a diagnosis of OCD and suicidality was examined.•A high, significant association between OCD and suicidality was established.•Comorbid depression worsened the severity of suicidality in OCD.•The methodological quality of the studies included in the review was low.•Theory-driven studies are needed to examine the mechanisms of suicidality in OCD.
A difficulty in recalling specific autobiographical memories has been noted as a risk factor for suicidal behaviour. However, the relationship between memory specificity and suicide has not ...previously been investigated in those with non-affective psychosis. It was predicted that in this group, more specific memory recall would be associated with an increased risk of suicide. This is because such specific memories are likely to be associated with greater levels of distress and negative affect than less specific memories. This prediction contradicts the prevailing belief that lower memory specificity is associated with greater suicidality. Sixty participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were recruited, 40 of whom reported past suicide attempts. Analyses showed suicide attempters recalled a greater proportion of specific memories, whilst controlling for trait anxiety and depressive symptoms. These results supported the main hypothesis, and suggest non-specific memory may have adaptive qualities in individuals with psychosis.
This study presents a qualitative evaluation of a novel cognitive behavioural therapy targeting suicidal thoughts and behaviours for people experiencing psychosis. Eight participants from four NHS ...Trusts in the northwest of England were interviewed. The interview schedule was collaboratively developed with a Service User Reference Group whose membership included people with experience of psychosis. Thematic analysis captured participants' experiences of recovery from suicidal thoughts and behaviours following therapy. Two themes were identified: "Acceptability" depicted participants' views about the process of therapy and the therapeutic relationship; "In-recovery from suicidality" illustrated participants' views of the impact of the therapy.
Overgeneral autobiographical memory recall has been associated with the diagnosis of bipolar disorder, but the role of overgenerality in the vulnerability to bipolar disorder remains ...under-researched. While a previous study suggested that high-risk individuals for bipolar disorder recall emotionally negative memories in specific detail, this is in contrast to memory recall patterns noted in bipolar samples. The Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT) used in previous non-clinical studies has also been criticised for not being sensitive to overgenerality due to its repetition of specificity instructions and practice trials. The traditional AMT format may allow some individuals to override their trait-based tendencies to be overgeneral. The current study used a sentence completion task to assess memory specificity in groups of students at a low and high trait-based vulnerability for bipolar disorder. In contrast to previous research, high-risk individuals recalled fewer specific positive memories and greater numbers of overgeneral negative memories than low-risk individuals. These results support the notion that the vulnerability for bipolar disorder might be associated with similar recall biases as demonstrated in bipolar samples, and that the AMT might not be sufficiently sensitive to detect overgenerality in non-clinical groups. The implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.
This review aimed to develop a conceptual model of the therapeutic alliance in the context of psychotherapy and suicidal experiences from therapist and client perspectives. The protocol was ...pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021268273). MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Embase and CINAHL were systematically searched from database inception to April 2024. Eligible studies were peer-reviewed, qualitative, and included client and/or therapist's perspectives of the therapeutic alliance in the context of psychotherapy and suicidal experiences. Studies were critically appraised and analysed using a meta-ethnography approach involving a reciprocal translation of studies and line of argument synthesis. Thirty-seven papers were included, generating two overarching themes; ‘Working on the edge’ and ‘Being ready, willing, and able to build an alliance in the context of suicidal experiences’. Therapeutic alliance in the context of suicidal experiences is unique, fluid, potentially lifesaving, and influenced by multiple inter-connected internal and external processes and systems. Clinical implications emphasise the need to improve training, supervision, and support for therapists to equip them with the additional skills required in navigating the intricacies of the therapeutic alliance with clients who have suicidal experiences. Flexibly interweaving risk assessment into therapeutic conversation was beneficial to the alliance with suicidal clients and enhanced their safety.
•Alliance with suicidal clients is multifaceted and potentially lifesaving.•Readiness and ability of therapists and suicidal clients to build an alliance.•Challenges in nurturing the alliance with suicidal clients in remote therapy.•Interweaving risk assessment into therapeutic conversation benefitted the alliance.•Therapists need support in nurturing the alliance with suicidal clients.
Contemporary psychological theoretical models of suicide hypothesize that defeat and entrapment underlie the development of suicidal ideation. This hypothesis has never been tested in people who ...experience bipolar disorder. Regression analysis revealed that defeat and entrapment significantly predicted suicidal ideation at 4‐month follow‐up. The relationship between defeat and suicidal ideation was mediated by total entrapment and internal entrapment, but not external entrapment. Results suggest that perceived defeat and entrapment underlie the development of prospective suicidal ideation in bipolar disorder. Findings could potentially improve the assessment of suicide risk in people who experience bipolar disorder.
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