The paper focuses on the aspects of housing privatization in the post-socialist period in Croatia. The transition towards the democratic system and market-oriented economy further empowered the ...privatization of ownership, especially home ownership. Former tenancy rights over socially owned housing were turned into an opportunity of purchasing flats. Socially owned flat thus became private property belonging to the post-socialist type of housing, as an anti-state housing, in which the role of state is marginalized. The state is now much less concerned for housing policy, which is becoming marginalized under market-oriented policy. The changes in the housing standard in the post-socialist period can also be seen in the number of rooms indicator and room size, which both show improvement compared to the socialist period. However, the consequences are visible in excessive privatization i.e. commercialization of the built urban environment, which leads to the reduction of public and green spaces. On the other hand, country’s unfavourable demographic trends are visible in the reduction of an average family size, and the increase in the number of families without children, which leads to different housing demands, especially in urban settlements.
Public participation in the urban transformation of capital cities is an important factor to consider when assessing the quality of democracy in post-communist countries. This study examines ...participatory processes in two capital cities, Zagreb (Croatia) and Ljubljana (Slovenia). The cases studied are summarized, and similarities and differences are pointed out using the comparative method (Tabor Park and the BS 7 neighbourhood in Ljubljana, and the Meštrović Pavilion and Savica Park in Zagreb). Findings from 2018 and 2019 showed a rather low level of public participation in Zagreb. In Ljubljana, the level of public participation was higher and the legal basis for it stronger, although there was a certain amount of dependence on political and economic factors. In both cities, public participation in its most direct form was present at the level of NGO and civil initiative activities. Residents’ communication with the city administration was poor and did not facilitate the participation process.
The paper deals with maintenance and management problems in multi-family buildings in Zagreb and other Croatian cities from the perspective of co-owners’ representatives. After 1990, when there was ...intensive privatization of housing, the responsibility for the maintenance of the housing stock shifted to private owners and management companies. Apartment owners have been given the obligation to maintain multi-family buildings and have faced problems and challenges in maintaining and managing common property. The empirical research was conducted on a convenience sample of co-owners' representatives (
N
= 353) using the survey method. The results are analysed according to three construction periods of multi-family buildings: built before 1945, during the socialist period (from 1945 to 1990) and the post-socialist period (after 1991). The results show that in all three construction periods there are certain bigger or smaller shortcomings regarding the building quality, and then the maintenance. The paper concludes that insufficient financial and organisational resources, insufficient engagement of managers, inadequate collaboration between representatives and managers, and weak energy renovation of multi-family buildings are some of the most important problems faced by co-owners’ representatives.
Nakon zagrebačkog i petrinjskog potresa postalo je jasno kako je postpotresna gradnja i obnova stanova i zgrada ključna tema u zagrebačkom i prostoru središnje Hrvatske. U procesu planiranja ...postpotresne sanacije i obnove, među ostalim, ističe se uključenost stanovnika kao jedan od ključnih faktora njegove uspješnosti. Tom je namjerom vođeno i ovo istraživanje, koje je provedeno kvalitativnom metodom polustrukturiranih intervjua na uzorku vlasnika stanova i predstavnika suvlasnika u zagrebačkom Donjem gradu (N = 27). U radu se iznose mišljenja sugovornika o vrsti oštećenja te problemima s kojima su se susreli vezano uz učinkovitost rada gradskih i državnih institucija. Istraživanje nadalje ukazuje na probleme na razini funkcioniranja samih zgrada, koji uključuju nedostatnu visinu zajedničke pričuve te (ne)zadovoljstvo radom predstavnika suvlasnika i upravitelja zgrada. Rezultati pokazuju kako sanacija zgrada teče sporo te da proces obnove nije u skladu s očekivanjima sugovornika, odnosno da će se u procesu obnove stanari, unatoč subvencijama i donesenom Zakonu o obnovi te mogućnostima sufinanciranja, trebati značajnije osloniti na vlastite financije. Po pitanju cjelovite obnove gradskog središta nakon potresa, stanovnici smatraju kako je obnovu središta grada potrebno planirati u smjeru zadržavanja postojećeg identiteta grada te uravnoteženog razvoja između staroga i novoga te stambenog i poslovnog izgleda grada. Očekuju također i obnovu koja će pridonijeti održivijem urbanom životu u središtu grada koji pridaje sve veću važnost potrebama građana i podizanju njihove kvalitete života kako ne bi došlo do sve radikalnijih procesa turistifikacije i apartmanizacije, odnosno procesa iseljavanja iz središta.
Sodelovanje javnosti pri urbanistični preobrazbi glavnega mesta je pomemben dejavnik, ki ga je treba upoštevati pri presoji kakovosti demokracije v postsocialističnih državah. V članku avtorji ...obravnavajo procese sodelovanja javnosti pri taki preobrazbi v dveh postsocialističnih glavnih mestih: v Zagrebu in Ljubljani. Predstavljeni so izsledki izbranih študij primerov v obeh mestih (park Tabor in soseska BS 7 v Ljubljani ter Meštrovićev paviljon in park Savica v Zagrebu), poleg tega so izpostavljene podobnosti in razlike, ugotovljene na podlagi njihove primerjave. Izsledki raziskave iz let 2018 in 2019 kažejo dokaj nizko stopnjo sodelovanja javnosti v Zagrebu. V Ljubljani je bila navedena stopnja višja in tudi pravna podlaga zanjo je bila močnejša, opazna pa je bila delna odvisnost od političnih in gospodarskih dejavnikov. V obeh mestih je bilo sodelovanje javnosti v najbolj neposredni obliki pri aktivnostih nevladnih organizacij in civilnih pobud. Komunikacija med prebivalci in mestno upravo je bila slaba, kar ni spodbudno vplivalo na sodelovanje.
Socioprostorne transformacije u Hrvatskoj obuhvaćaju gradove i sela, kako na kopnu tako i na otocima. Vođene su interesima različitih društvenih aktera pri čemu prostor intervencije doživljava ...različite promjene kako u svojoj socijalnoj strukturi tako i u okolnom prostoru. Na otocima koji su danas izloženi negativnim demografskim procesima depopulacije i gubitka stanovništva, dodatno je otežano pokrenuti razvoj ili omogućiti pozitivne promjene. U tome se ističu upravo najmanji otoci i manja naselja na njima kao što je primjer naselja Povlja na Braču. U radu će se prikazati studija slučaja kao komparativna longitudinalna analiza ovog mjesta i promjene koje su vidljive u istraživanjima provedenima u razmaku od deset godina (2009. i 2019. ). Cilj je istraživanja usporediti jesu li se potencijalni turistički scenariji razvoja za Povlja iz 2009. (masovni turizam, održivi turizam i stagnacija) promijenili u ovom vremenskom razdoblju s obzirom na socijalnu i ekonomsku situaciju. Metodom polustrukturiranih intervjua sa stalnim i privremenim (sezonskim) stanovnicima Povalja istražilo se promišljanje stanovnika o trenutnom i potencijalnom turističkom razvoju mjesta, te koliko se istraživanje iz 2009. može usporediti s rezultatima istraživanja iz 2019. Istraživanje iz 2019. pokazalo je da mjesto nije napredovalo ni u turističkom ni i ekonomskom smislu, i da je od ponuđenih scenarija najprisutniji scenarij stagnacije koji prelazi i u nazadovanje.
This paper provides a clear insight into the quality of life on the level of housing estates in European countries. In doing so, the questions of housing and satisfaction with the housing situation ...in the estates as well as with surrounding areas and the neighbourhood, in general, is being considered as an important dimension of a complex research concept called the quality of life. In analysing the quality of housing, we inevitably encounter an interesting division into the so-called two different versions of Europe or two types of housing estates. In the phase of planning and constructing, they shared a common idea of designing modern and functional, mixed estates that would solve the housing question of most residents, i.e. of different social classes. However, the first type is marked by the socio-historical context of Western Europe, and the second by Eastern Europe, or as some authors like to frame it, the differences in housing quality between ‘capitalist’ and ‘socialist’ cities. From that perspective specifically, it seems useful to analyse the quality of life and the possibility of renewing both types of housing estates, by now deprived and decrepit, built after the Second World War in both types of cities. This applies equally to those in Western Europe, often marked by a significantly worse image and higher levels of socioeconomic problems (crime, segregation, deterioration and other), as well as the estates in post-socialist Europe, where large housing estates built during the socialist period remain a desirable housing option, but that are increasingly facing problems related to maintenance and upkeep of buildings and built environments (both public and communal spaces). In the last decades, in both types of estates there has been an increasing depopulation of middle and higher classes of residents, which progressively causes segregation but also deterioration in the social and physical sense. All the mentioned negative aspects of the housing quality require adopting national housing strategies and renewal programs which exist and are implemented in Western European countries, while they do not exist in most post-socialist countries, and Croatia is not an exception. Housing estates renewal should be an essential part of every country’s housing policy, aimed at alleviating or preventing further degradation of the quality of life for housing estate residents.
Tijekom nekoliko zadnjih godina na zagrebačkom je prostoru bilo više primjera borbe za javne prostore, a u ovom će se radu pratiti dva takva slučaja. U prvom, stanari u naselju Savica udruženi su u ...civilnu inicijativu Čuvamo naš park i bore se za obranu postojećeg prostora parka (zelena površina i igralište) jer gradska uprava podržava izgradnju crkve, što bi prostor parka značajno smanjilo. Tako započinju dugogodišnji napori da se ta gradska odluka poništi. Drugi je slučaj otpor prema planiranoj revitalizaciji Meštrovićevog paviljona na Trgu žrtava fašizma, koja je izazvala veliko nezadovoljstvo kako samom obnovom tako i sječom postojećeg drveća uz zgradu Paviljona, posebno drveta magnolije. To je dovelo do stvaranja inicijative nazvane Vratite magnoliju. U nastavku rada donosi se analiza diskursa o tim slučajevima, za koju su korišteni digitalni članci s različitih internetskih portala koji su pratili te teme. Analizom se pokazala dihotomna situacija, s jedne strane nedovoljna participacija građana u procesu donošenja odluka o planiranim promjenama, a s druge jak otpor stanara i građana, koji su pokazali kroz civilne inicijative putem protesta i brojnih akcija. Navedeno je stoga dovelo do stagnacije u prilagodbi europskim urbanističkim standardima (tzv. urbana održivost), posebno okolišnoj i socijalnoj dimenziji održivosti. No kroz analizu diskursa može se istaknuti kako su civilne inicijative, odnosno građani svojom aktivnošću promicali navedene vrijednosti i nastojali uvjeriti urbanu politiku u njihovu primjenu, ponekad i s nekim pozitivnim ishodom, u čemu se može primijetiti jedna nova dimenzija odnosa moći između svih uključenih aktera.
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