The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected 18 million people and killed over 690,000 patients. Although this virus primarily causes respiratory symptoms, an increasing number of ...cutaneous manifestations associated with this disease have been reported.
The aim of this review was to collate and categorize the dermatologic findings reported in patients with COVID-19 and identify specific lesions that may facilitate diagnosis and prognostication.
An evidence-based review of the PubMed database was conducted on 14 May, 2020 using the search terms "Covid-19 skin," "Covid-19 rash," "Covid-19 exanthem," and "Covid-19 chilblains." Peer-reviewed publications containing original COVID-19 patient cases and a discussion of the associated cutaneous findings were included in the analysis.
The literature search identified 115 records, of which 34 publications describing 996 patients with dermatologic conditions were included. Case reports (n = 15), case series (n = 13), and observational prospective studies (n = 4) were the most common publication types. Acral lesions resembling pseudo-chilblains were the most frequent lesion identified (40.4% of cases), appearing in young adults (mean age, 23.2 years) after the onset of extracutaneous COVID-19 symptoms (55/100 patients). Erythematous maculopapular rashes affected 21.3% of patients, most frequently impacting middle-aged adults (mean age, 53.2 years) and occurring at the same time as non-cutaneous symptoms (110/187 patients). Vesicular rashes affected 13.0% of patients, appearing in middle-aged adults (mean age, 48.3 years) after the onset of other symptoms (52/84 patients). Urticarial rashes affected 10.9% of patients, appearing in adults (mean age, 38.3 years) and occurring at the same time as non-cutaneous symptoms (46/78 patients). Vascular rashes resembling livedo or purpura were uncommon (4% of cases), appearing in elderly patients (mean age, 77.5 years) and occurring at the same time as non-cutaneous COVID-19 symptoms (18/29 patients). Erythema multiforme-like eruptions, although infrequent (3.7% of cases), affected mostly children (mean age, 12.2 years).
Vesicular rashes may suggest an initial diagnosis of COVID-19, acral lesions may be most appropriate for epidemiological uses, and vascular rashes may be a useful prognostic marker for severe disease. As a potential correlate to disease severity, prognosis, or infectibility, it is critical that all healthcare professionals be well versed in these increasingly common cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19.
Abstract
Background
Plastic surgeons are rapidly integrating social media into their practices and recent articles on the subject have exploded in the literature. Although social media is being ...evaluated as a tool, few have actually been able to quantify the impact of social media on a practice.
Objectives
To quantify the return on investment for social media in a plastic surgery practice.
Methods
The ideal method for this type of study is a new practice, without preexisting clients and with a broad approach to marketing to examine the effects of multiple marketing tools. In this study, we profile a start-up plastic surgery practice in Beverly Hills, Los Angeles.
Results
In this study, we report practice demographics as well as one year of income, broken down by the referral source for each patient. The dollar amount returned was reported for several social media resources and other internet-based marketing tools.
Conclusions
Social media has a relatively high return on investment, and to date this is the first study to transparently quantify the value of social media in plastic surgery.
Definition and model of life skills transfer Pierce, Scott; Gould, Daniel; Camiré, Martin
International review of sport and exercise psychology,
01/2017, Letnik:
10, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
For a sport skill to be considered a life skill, it must be successfully transferred and applied beyond sport. Life skills transfer is an essential process, but it has yet to be fully delineated ...within the sport psychology literature. The purpose of the current paper is to present a definition and model of life skills transfer and outline future research needs. A critical review of the literature within sport psychology and other learning-based disciplines is offered to assess our current understanding of learning transfer. A definition and model of transfer are then presented, focusing on the athlete learner's experience of life skills transfer. Within the model, we first examine how athletes bring personal assets and autobiographical experiences to sport. Second, we explore how sport is a learning environment with distinctive demands, programme designs, and coach characteristics and strategies. Third, we explain how transfer contexts provide environmental conditions, which, depending on how they are interpreted or experienced, can help or hinder the transfer of life skills. Ultimately, we postulate that an individual experiences life skills transfer as an ongoing process whereby he/she continually interacts and interprets his/her environments to produce positive or negative life skills transfer outcomes.
Nipple inversion is a common condition seen in 10% of females. Patients often present with physical insecurities and difficulty breastfeeding and would be best counseled initially by a primary care ...provider. We examined the body of literature and public perception of nipple inversion to provide a patient-centered perspective of the condition and its repair.
We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study surveying random volunteers using internet crowdsourcing. Studies examining the correction of nipple inversion reporting posttreatment recurrence rates were considered for systematic review.
Five-hundred three people were surveyed, and 398 (mean age 35.6 years, 57.9% female) were included in final analysis. Seventy-one (17.8%) have or once had nipple inversion, and 18 (31.6% of females with nipple inversion) reported resultant difficulty breastfeeding. One-hundred thirty-five (33.9%) would advise repair, and 283 (71.1%) would advise repair if unable to breastfeed. Two-hundred eighteen (54.8%) would search online for more information about nipple inversion. Forty-four studies, including 1,940 patients and 3,361 nipples, were examined for systematic review. Seven techniques severed lactiferous ducts, and 31.8% reported breastfeeding outcomes, but as a number of patients. Studies were inconsistent in the reporting of baseline patient data and outcomes.
Nipple inversion may be more common than previously reported. The majority of people would consider surgical correction, advice someone with nipple inversion to undergo repair for breastfeeding, and consult online resources for more information. Methodological and reporting limitations of existing evidence limit conclusions regarding the superiority of operative techniques with regard to patient satisfaction and breastfeeding outcomes.
Abstract
Background
Advances in face and neck lifting involve release of tethering points along the superficial musculoaponeurotic system–platysma complex to freely manipulate the deep natural glide ...plane in the face and neck.
Objectives
The aim of this article was to determine a combination of deep plane techniques for addressing the face and neck and to elucidate, for the first time, a measurable endpoint for the gonial angle. Analysis of deep plane tethering and decussation zones was also undertaken.
Methods
Extended deep plane surgery performed in 79 patients (158 hemifaces; age, 30-75 years; 95% female), over a 3-month period, was reviewed. Patients were followed for 1 year. Measurements were performed systematically during deep plane face and neck lifting.
Results
Before intervention, the mean standard deviation gonial depth was 9.4 3.6 mm on the left and 8.3 2.7 mm on the right. The mean depth created below the gonial angle when measuring the traditional suspension to the anterior mastoid was 15.8 3.3 mm on the left and 13.7 2.5 mm on the right. The distance postoperatively when measuring the gonial depth after performing the crevasse technique was 23.2 2.2 mm on the left and 22.5 2.5 mm on the right. This represents a mean increase in the advancement of 7.4 mm on the left and 8.8 mm on the right (average, 8.1 mm) which was demonstrated to be statistically significant bilaterally (P < .0001).
Conclusions
The deep plane techniques described here aid manipulation of the deep plane and deep neck space, while also providing measurable endpoints and more effective modes of fixation by utilizing the mastoid crevasse. The use of techniques that release tension and allow redrape produce the most natural and well-balanced results.
Level of Evidence: 4
Abstract
Background
Ethical guidelines for appropriate use of social media are beginning to be delineated. As social media becomes ingrained in plastic surgery culture, education of residents on ...appropriate use of social media is increasingly important. Recently, plastic surgery residency programs have begun to utilize social media.
Objectives
This study characterized the trends and content of plastic surgery residency-associated Instagram accounts.
Methods
Active individual residency program Instagram accounts were identified for integrated plastic surgery programs. Metrics for each account were retrieved on September 16, 2017, including date of first post, number of posts, and followers. Individual posts were analyzed for content of post.
Results
Fourteen of 67 (21%) integrated plastic surgery programs were found to have active Instagram accounts. There has been an exponential growth of programs adopting Instagram since August 2015. A total of 806 posts were created. Thirty-two (3.97%) posts had intraoperative photos and only one (0.12%) showed a patient image. There were 4466 followers of plastic surgery residency programs. A linear correlation was found between number of posts and number of followers, while there was no correlation of number of followers and time since account start.
Conclusions
Instagram use by plastic surgery integrated programs continues to grow exponentially, and programs are appropriately using the platform. Active use of the resident social media results in increased influence. Resident use of social media has many benefits. We propose social media guidelines for plastic surgery trainees and advocate for continued appropriate use and autoregulation by plastic surgery trainees.
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