U rujnu i listopadu 1938. godine pojavila se pojedinačno u turopoljskim selima Rakarje, Buševec i Kurilovec, a kao ograničena epizootija i u Mraclinu akutna neurološka bolest konja. Bolest je dobila ...naziv “mraclinska bolest konja” (MBK). Od ove bolesti oboljelo je i liječeno 200 od ukupno 442 konja u selu, a 25 ih je uginulo. Svi su imali gotovo jednake akutne neurološke simptome. Uzrok bolesti nikada nije dokazan. Velika sličnost kliničkih znakova MBK s bolešću konja prouzročene virusom Zapadnog Nila (VZN) ponukali su na pretpostavku da je VZN izazvao MBK 1938. godine. Analize razudbenih i patohistoloških nalaza uginulih konja ukazuju na masivnu nekrozu jetre prouzročenu intoksikacijom, kao osnovnim uzrokom uginuća. Živčani simptomi su posljedica hepatične encefalopatije, a krvarenja i žutica su očite posljedice jetrene disfunkcije. Može se zaključiti da je jedan od mogućih uzroka mraclinske bolesti konja intoksikacija. Ovakav je zaključak utemeljen na pronađenim patološkim nalazima iz 1938. godine u arhivi Zavoda za patologiju Veterinarskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Moguće pitanje je isto tako, čime su se konji otrovali? Diferencijalno dijagnostički je teško, ali ne i nemoguće isključiti virusne uzročnike bolesti poput VZN, što bi svakako jako pomoglo u točnom otkrivanju uzroka MBK iz 1938. godine.
The aim of this research was to describe two fatal cases of
Yersinia enterocolitica bioserotype 4/O:3 infection in non-human primates and to characterise the isolates by PCR and PFGE. In July 2004, ...two marmosets (
Callitrix jacchuss) born in captivity in Zagreb Zoo, died following a few days of intermittent diarrhoea in intervals of 2 weeks. The pathomorphological diagnosis of the female (born in 1997) and the male (born in 1995) marmoset, was disseminated miliary necrosis of the liver.
Y. enterocolitica 4/O:3 was isolated from both livers showing that monkeys are susceptible to this bioserotype. The
ail gene, which is an essential chromosomal virulence factor in pathogenic
Y. enterocolitica isolates, was present in the marmoset isolates. Two different PFGE patterns were obtained from the isolates of the male liver with
NotI enzyme. One genotype of the male marmoset isolate was indistinguishable from the genotype of the female marmoset isolate when
NotI,
ApaI and
XhoI enzymes were used indicating a common infection source for the marmosets. The genotypes of the marmoset isolates differed only slightly from one human (of seven Croatian isolates) and from one pig isolate (representing a common genotype found among human and porcine isolates in Germany) suggesting that raw pork fed to the marmoset could have been the infection source.
•Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a commensal bacterium residing on the mucosae and skin surfaces of dogs.•S pseudintermedius has emerged as a global concern in small animal practices.•This report ...describes pyometra associated with S pseudintermedius in two bitches.•In one bitch the infection was lethal due to septic shock.•In the other bitch the bacteria caused pyometra with suppurative peritonitis.
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a commensal bacterium residing on the mucosae and skin surfaces of dogs. Under favorable conditions, the organism may cause serious infections, primarily involving the skin, but it is also isolated in eye and ear infections. This report describes pathologic findings of pyometra associated with S pseudintermedius in two bitches.
One bitch was a 6-year-old Pomeranian bitch who died after three days of diarrhea, vomiting, and depression. During necropsy, the uterus of the bitch was diffusely enlarged and filled with 30 mL of thick, yellow, creamy pus. Histology revealed acute to subacute, diffuse, severe, purulent endometritis with intralesional Gram-positive round cocci revealed as S pseudintermedius. The cause of death was pyometra with subsequent septic shock.
The other bitch was a 2-year-old West Highland White Terrier who underwent diagnostic laparotomy due to suppurative peritonitis of unknown cause. During the procedure, about 100 mL of yellow, opaque exudate from the abdominal cavity was removed. The distended uterine horns noted during the procedure were removed and submitted for histopathology which revealed necrosis of endometrium with the accumulation of pus and numerous, intralesional S pseudintermedius in the uterine lumen. Focally, uterine wall necrosis was evident, with a spread of bacteria and purulent inflammation into the adjacent mesometrium causing purulent peritonitis.
Although S pseudintermedius presents a common cause of skin and mucosal infection, it should be considered a possible etiological agent of canine pyometra.
Circumanal gland (CG) tumors are common neoplasms of older dogs. Of these, only circumanal gland carcinomas show clear metastatic potential, and even so metastases seem to be uncommon. ...Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process that facilitates the initial steps of metastasis, and to date it has not been systematically investigated in CG tumors. Insight into the occurrence of this process would be a valuable asset in understanding the biology of these tumors. To test the occurrence of EMT we used three immunohistochemical markers that alter their expression in this process, namely – E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Additionally, we used the Ki-67 marker of proliferation. The samples used consisted of 15 adenomas, 11 epitheliomas, 21 well-differentiated carcinomas, seven poorly differentiated carcinomas, and ten samples of normal CG. The results of N-cadherin were negative for all samples. E-cadherin was highly expressed in all groups, but was slightly lower in semi-malignant and malignant tumors; MMP-9 marking was generally very low, but significantly higher in semi-malignant or malignant tumors when compared to benign or non-neoplastic CG. The index of proliferation (Ki-67) was significantly higher for semi-malignant or malignant CG tumors when compared to benign CG tumors or normal CG. These results show that with an increase in the histologic malignancy of these tumors there is a slight drop in E-cadherin, a slight rise in MMP-9, and a significant increase in Ki-67. Therefore, these results suggest the possibility that EMT occurs within the malignant or even semi-malignant forms of CG tumors, but probably as a rare and late event. Further studies are needed to prove or disprove these statements.
Endometrial adenocarcinomas present rare neoplasia of bitches. This case report describes mucinous endometrial adenocarcinoma in a bitch with concurrent pyometra for the first time. A mass on the ...uterine stump was removed during surgery of a 13-year-old bitch with clinically suspected pyometra. Histopathology revealed mucinous endometrial adenocarcinoma. The tumor was classified according to human classification, responding to women's type I (endometrioid carcinoma). Immunohistochemistry showed a positive expression of estrogen receptor α, progesterone receptor, p53, and p16 gene, while vimentin was not expressed.
Testicular tumors are the most common genital neoplasms in male dogs, with Leydig cell tumors (LCT), seminomas (SEM), and Sertoli cell tumors (SCT) the most common forms. Human SEM are classified as ...classical (CSEM) or spermatocytic (SSEM). Intratubular germ cell neoplasia of undifferentiated origin (IGCNU) is another form of human testicular tumor. The aim of this study was to verify that CSEM/SSEM classification is valid in dogs and confirm the existence of canine IGCNU.
Testicular tumors were found in 46% of dogs at necropsy and accounted for 7% of tumors biopsied. The median age of dogs with tumors at necropsy was 10.16 years; median age at positive biopsy was 10.24 years. The most common tumors, in decreasing order, were LCT, mixed tumors, SEM and SCT at necropsy, and SEM, SCT, mixed tumors, LCT, peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and teratoma in the biopsy group. IGCNU was found in 3% of testicles at necropsy and in 3% of biopsy samples. Two dogs had testicular tumor metastasis. Expression of c-KIT was most common in SEM and seminomatous components of mixed tumors. PLAP was mostly expressed in IGCNU, SEM, teratoma, and some mixed tumors. Cytokeratin was mainly expressed in SCT. CD30 expression was low in both groups.
The high tumor incidence at necropsy can be attributed to older age. Tumor incidence in biopsy samples, dog age, and histological classification were consistent with previous studies. The higher incidence of SEM and SCT in the biopsy group probably resulted from the obvious clinical expression of these tumor types. The low incidence of metastasis confirmed the predominance of benign tumors. Low CD30 expression confirmed the low incidence of testicular embryonal carcinoma. Cytokeratin helps differentiate stromal tumors, especially SCT, from germ cell tumors. Histology and c-KIT and PLAP expression indicate that IGCNU exists in dogs. Expression of c-KIT and PLAP confirmed that CSEM and SSEM classification is valid in dogs.
The superior effectiveness of a new pentadecapeptide, BPC 157, on gastrointestinal and liver lesions, in conjunction with an antiinflammatory and analgetic activity was recently noted. In the present ...study, BPC 157 was tested as either a protective or healing agent in bile duct ligation-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. In addition, the positive influence of BPC 157 on concomitantly developed gastric and duodenal lesions was simultaneously investigated. BPC 157 (10 microg, 10 ng/kg body wt, intraperitoneally or intragastrically) was given prophylactically 1 hr before ligation, whereas the therapy was given once daily beginning with the 24 hr following ligation (last application 24 hr before killing). The effect was investigated at daily intervals until the end of the fifth day after ligation. In the pretreatment regimen, a strong pancreas protection was obtained. When applied in the condition of already established severe acute pancreatitis, an obvious salutory effect was consistently noted. Assessing the appearance of the necrosis, edema, neutrophils, and mononuclears, consistently less necrosis, edema, and neutrophils, but more mononuclears, were found in BPC-treated rats. Likewise, in studies of the serum amylase values, relative to control data, a markedly lower rise (BPC pretreatment regimen) as well as a worsening of the already raised values (BPC therapy regimen) was noted. Along with its beneficial effect on pancreatitis, a positive influence of BPC 157 on the gastric and duodenal lesion course in bile duct-ligated rats was noted in both the pre- and posttreatment regimen. Taken together, in further studies of acute pancreatitis therapy, BPC could be an interesting and useful agent with an additional positive impact on concomitant gastroduodenal pathology.
Background and Purpose: Yeast derivative mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and zeolite clinoptilolite (CPL) well known nutritional supplements acting as either prebiotic or immunobiotic, respectively, in ...animal husbandry. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not these agents referred to as potential alternatives to antibiotics may positively influence systemic immune parameters of weaned pigs without negatively affecting their hematological, serum biochemical and gut histological homeostasis.Materials and Methods: Sixty pigs from a commercial farm were divided into three groups comprising 20 pigs each and treated at 4 weeks of age as follows: controls received standard weaner diet, whereas diet for principals was supplemented with 0.2% of MOS or 0.5% of CPL. The experiment was conducted throughout 35 days and at either Day 7 or Day 35 intervals starting at Day 0 before the treatments hematological, serum biochemical and intestinal histopathological parameters were monitored, respectively.Results: Pigs fed CPL supplement had lower proportion of lymphocytes (P<0.05), but higher proportions of neutrophils and eosinophils (P<0.05) at Day 21. Neither MOS nor CPL affected values of hematological parameters. Serum levels of hepatic enzymes in pigs fed CPL supplemen, with exception of lower value of creatinine kinase (CK) at Day 35 (P<0.01) were not changed. These pigs had lower level of total proteins (P<0.05) at Day 28, but higher levels of urea (P<0.05) and creatinine (P<0.01) at Day 35. Generally, principal pigs had milder damages of villi, similar infiltration of lymphoid/myeloid cells within jejunal/ileal lamina propria and follicular hyperplasia in mesenterc lymph node, but more extensive proliferation within Peyer’s patches.Conclusions: MOS did not affect any of monitored parameters, and CPL only sporadically induced lymphopaenia and granulocytosis, decrease of CK and total proteins and increase of urea and creatinine levels, indicating that the agents were not associated with any harmful side effects on monitored blood and gut parameters and impairment in general health status of pigs.
Visceral hemangiosarcoma were analyzed at the Department of Veterinary Pathology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, over a 5-year period. From a total of 52 tumor masses in ...a total of 31 dogs, histological growth patterns (cavernous, capillary or solid) and the amount of tumor supporting stroma were evaluated. Additionally, sections were stained with toluidine blue for the purpose of mast cell detection and their number was determined in the tumor parenchyma, tumor stroma and edges. The average age of the affected animals was 10 years, males predominated, and the tumors occurred most frequently in cross breeds, German Shepherd dogs and Labrador Retrievers. The highest number of visceral hemangiosarcoma was found in the spleen (27/52). The most common growth pattern of visceral hemangiosarcoma was solely cavernous with a mixture of cavernous and solid patterns in different proportions. Mast cells were found in 44/52 (84.6%) of the visceral hemangiosarcomas. A smaller number of mast cells were found in the tumor parenchyma, and higher number were found in the stroma and tumor edges. The number of mast cells in tumors was not significantly associated with the tumor growth pattern, but there was a positive correlation between MCC - tumor parenchyma and stroma (rs = 0.28, P<0.05), MCC - tumor stroma + edges (rs = 0.74, P<0.05) and MCC - tumor parenchyma and MCC- tumor stroma+edges (rs = 0.30, P<0.05) in all the examined tumors. In splenic tumors, there was only a significant positive correlation between MCC - stroma+edges (rs P = 0.68 P<0.05). These results suggest a higher mast cell count in tumors with more developed stromal components in canine visceral hemangiosarcomas, and certainly indicate the need for further research on their role and the factors they release in the development and progression of hemangiosarcomas.
Incidence of mast cell tumors, their distribution according to sex, breed, age and localisation in Croatia is not established yet. Also, the statistical significance of the various histopathological ...parameters according to Patnaik's scheme, in the diagnostics of the tumor grade was not performed. Investigation analysed mast cell tumors histopathologicaly characterized at the Department of General Pathology and Pathological Morphology of the Veterinary Faculty Zagreb from January 1st 2002 to December 31st 2006. Sex, age, breed, localisation and tumor grade of each animal with tumor was recorded and statisticaly evaluated. Each histopathological variable was scored and compared with tumor grade. In the analyzed period, totally 1630 tumors were recorded, and mast cell tumors were found in 106 animals or in 6.5% of all cases. With statistically significant difference, this tumor was found in more cases in male dogs, and average age was 6.96 years. Boxers and retrievers were most frequent breeds, and localization was mostly on legs. Grade I tumor was found in 15.09%, grade II in 44.34% and grade III in 28.3% of animals. There were no significant correlations between tumor grade and age, breed, sex or localization. Considering the lesion scores compared with grade, statistically significant differences were found in cell shape, number of nucleoli, anisocytosis, anisokariosis, karyomegaly, mitoses, necroses, hemorrhages, cellularity, cell borders and collagenolysis.
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