U članku se analizira problem legitimnog predstavljanja Hrvata u Domu naroda Parlamenta Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine (FBIH) koristeći se konsocijacijalizmom, „fenomenom čiče Tome“ i jednosmjernim ...udruživanjem glasova kao teorijskim prizmama analize problema. Prvo se sažima povijest Doma naroda Parlamenta Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine te analizira značenje amandmana koje je Ustavu FBiH nametnuo visoki predstavnik Wolfgang Petritsch 2002. godine i značenje presude Ustavnog suda Bosne i Hercegovine U-23-14 Ljubić iz 2016. godine. Zatim se analizira realističan scenarij potpunog izbacivanja hrvatskih predstavnika iz vladajuće koalicije na svim razinama vlasti zbog neprovođenja presude Ljubić i mogućnost jednostranih izmjena Ustava FBiH koje mogu donijeti stranke bošnjačke većine nakon općih izbora 2022. godine. Naposljetku, raspravlja se o problemu operacionalizacije legitimnog predstavljanja Hrvata u Domu naroda Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine i njegovu potencijalnom alternativnom rješenju. Glavni je argument članka da zbog nedostataka izbornog zakona i nelogične operacionalizacije konsocijacijskih karakteristika u FBiH Hrvati nisu u stanju birati vlastite legitimne predstavnike u Hrvatski klub Doma naroda Parlamenta FBiH, za njih najvažniju političku instituciju u Bosni i Hercegovini.
This article analyses the issue of legitimate political representation of Croats in the House of Peoples of the Parliament of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) using consociationalism, uni-directional vote pooling and the Uncle Tom phenomenon as theoretical lenses. The article first summarizes the history of the House of Peoples of the Parliament of FBiH and explores the importance of the amendments to the Constitution of FBiH imposed by High Representative Wolfgang Petritsch in 2002 and ruling U-23-14 of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina (“Ljubić”) from 2016. Next, the article discusses the realistic possibility of Croat representatives being completely excluded from the ruling coalition at all levels of government due to the non-implementation of the “Ljubić” ruling and the possibility of unilateral amendments to the Constitution of FBiH by Bosniak-majority parties after the 2022 general elections. Finally, the article discusses operationalization of legitimate Croat representation in the House of Peoples in FBiH and offers an alternative potential solution for this issue. The main argument of this article is that due to deficiencies in electoral law and the illogical operationalization of consociational features in FBiH, Croats cannot elect their own legitimate representatives in the Croat Club of the House of Peoples in FBiH, which is, for them, the most important political institution.
This article analyses the issue of legitimate political representation of Croats in the House of Peoples of the Parliament of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) using consociationalism, ...uni-directional vote pooling and the Uncle Tom phenomenon as theoretical lenses. The article first summarizes the history of the House of Peoples of the Parliament of FBiH and explores the importance of the amendments to the Constitution of FBiH imposed by High Representative Wolfgang Petritsch in 2002 and ruling U-23-14 of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina ("Ljubić") from 2016. Next, the article discusses the realistic possibility of Croat representatives being completely excluded from the ruling coalition at all levels of government due to the non-implementation of the "Ljubić" ruling and the possibility of unilateral amendments to the Constitution of FBiH by Bosniak-majority parties after the 2022 general elections. Finally, the article discusses operationalization of legitimate Croat representation in the House of Peoples in FBiH and offers an alternative potential solution for this issue. The main argument of this article is that due to deficiencies in electoral law and the illogical operationalization of consociational features in FBiH, Croats cannot elect their own legitimate representatives in the Croat Club of the House of Peoples in FBiH, which is, for them, the most important political institution.
Sljedeći članak ukazuje na ključne dijelove presude „Ljubić“ i opisuje njezin meritum
i značenje. Kao takav može poslužiti kao pomoć u dizajniranju novog izbornog zakona.
Ukratko, u Presudi se jasno ...kaže da: 1) Postojeći Izborni zakon krši prava konstitutivnih naroda
da biraju svoje legitimne predstavnike, kao što je zajamčeno u Ustavu BiH, jer Izborni
zakon omogućuje da predstavnici pojedinog konstitutivnog naroda u Domu naroda FBiH
mogu biti izabrani čak i ako nisu legitimni predstavnici tog konstitutivnog naroda. 2) Pravo
svih konstitutivnih naroda da sami biraju svoje legitimne predstavnike također vrijedi i za
sva ostala tijela vlasti čija je zadaća zastupanje i zaštita prava konstitutivnih naroda, uključujući
i Dom Naroda PS BiH i tročlano Predsjedništvo BiH. 3) Članovi jednog konstitutivnog
naroda moraju biti u mogućnosti sami birati svoje legitimne predstavnike, bez utjecaja
pripadnika druga dva konstitutivna naroda. 4) Jedan glas unutar svake izborne jedinice (u
slučaju Doma naroda Parlamenta Federacije BiH - unutar svakog od tri konstitutivna naroda
i unutar grupe Ostalih) treba biti u potpunosti jednako vrijedan.
The objective of this study was to research correlations between milk composition and selected blood indicators of liver function in ewes during lactation. The research was conducted with samples of ...milk and blood from Travnik Pramenka ewes (n = 99). Samples were collected in the area of western Slavonia in Croatia from lactating sheep grazing on natural pastures. Chemical composition of sheep milk was analysed as well as biochemical parameters in serum. Positive correlation between ALB: TGC, ALB: ALT, GUK: GGT, CHOL: ALT and AST: GGT was determined, while significant negative correlation was determined between GUK: ALB, GUK: TGC, GUK: ALT, ALB: GGT as well as ALT: GGT. Significant positive correlation was determined between blood and milk indicators, like ALB protein (r = 0.243), ALB: DMNF (r = 0.309) and ALB: SCC (r = 0.249), as well as negative correlation between TGC: MY (r = -0.264), ALT: protein (r = -0.258), lactose: TGC (r = -0.274) and ALT: DMNF (r = -0.234). The relations between indicators of milk composition, milk production and ewes blood indicators as well as their mutual connections indicate the justification of using the analysis of liver status indicators. Accordingly, by using these relations metabolic pathways of liver status indicators could be better monitored, which is important for practice regarding prevention of possible feeding errors and prevention of major production losses while maintaining the health of lactating sheep.
The objective of this study was to research correlations between milk composition and selected blood indicators of liver function in ewes during lactation. The research was conducted with samples of ...milk and blood from Travnik Pramenka ewes (n = 99). Samples were collected in the area of western Slavonia in Croatia from lactating sheep grazing on natural pastures. Chemical composition of sheep milk was analysed as well as biochemical parameters in serum. Positive correlation between ALB: TGC, ALB: ALT, GUK: GGT, CHOL: ALT and AST: GGT was determined, while significant negative correlation was determined between GUK: ALB, GUK: TGC, GUK: ALT, ALB: GGT as well as ALT: GGT. Significant positive correlation was determined between blood and milk indicators, like ALB protein (r = 0.243), ALB: DMNF (r = 0.309) and ALB: SCC (r = 0.249), as well as negative correlation between TGC: MY (r = -0.264), ALT: protein (r = -0.258), lactose: TGC (r = -0.274) and ALT: DMNF (r = -0.234). The relations between indicators of milk composition, milk production and ewes blood indicators as well as their mutual connections indicate the justification of using the analysis of liver status indicators. Accordingly, by using these relations metabolic pathways of liver status indicators could be better monitored, which is important for practice regarding prevention of possible feeding errors and prevention of major production losses while maintaining the health of lactating sheep.
Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi korelacije između kemijskog sastava mlijeka i pojedinih pokazatelja funkcije jetre u krvi ovaca tijekom laktacije. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorcima mlijeka i ...krvi travničke pramenke (n = 99). Uzorci su prikupljeni na području zapadne Slavonije (Hrvatska) od ovaca u laktaciji koje su pasle na prirodnim pašnjacima. Određen je kemijski sastav ovčjeg mlijeka te pojedini biokemijski pokazatelji funkcije jetre u serumu. Utvrđena je pozitivna korelacija između ALB : TGC, ALB : ALT, GUK : GGT, CHOL : ALT te AST : GGT kao i negativna korelacija između GUK : ALB, GUK : TGC, GUK : ALT, ALB : GGT i ALT : GGT. Također je utvrđena pozitivna korelacija između pokazatelja statusa krvi i sastava mlijeka, točnije između ALB : protein (r = 0,243), ALB : DMNF (r = 0,309) te ALB : SCC (r = 0,249). Negativna korelacija utvrđena je između TGC : MY (r = -0,264), ALT : protein (r = -0,258), laktoza : TGC (r = -0,274) i ALT : DMNF (r = -0,234). Povezanost između kemijskog sastava mlijeka i količine mlijeka te pokazatelja statusa krvi ovaca, kao i njihove međusobne povezanosti ukazuju na opravdanost analize pokazatelja statusa jetre. Na taj se način mogu kvalitetnije pratiti metabolički procesi koji se odvijaju u jetri što je važno u pogledu sprječavanja mogućih grešaka u hranidbi i velikih gubitaka u proizvodnji uz istodobno očuvanje zdravlja ovaca u laktaciji.
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