The prototype of a quantum random number generator is a single photon which impinges onto a beam splitter and is then detected by single photon detectors at one of the two output paths. Prior to ...detection, the photon is in a quantum mechanical superposition state of the two possible outcomes with -ideally- equal amplitudes until its position is determined by measurement. When the two output modes are observed by a single photon detector, the generated clicks can be interpreted as ones and zeros - and a raw random bit stream is obtained. Here we implement such a random bit generator based on single photons from a defect center in diamond. We investigate the single photon emission of the defect center by an anti-bunching measurement. This certifies the "quantumness" of the supplied photonic input state, while the random "decision" is still based on the vacuum fluctuations at the open port of the beam-splitter. Technical limitations, such as intensity fluctuations, mechanical drift, and bias are discussed. A number of ways to suppress such unwanted effects, and an a priori entropy estimation are presented. The single photon nature allows for a characterization of the non-classicality of the source, and allows to determine a background fraction. Due to the NV-center's superior stability and optical properties, we can operate the generator under ambient conditions around the clock. We present a true 24/7 operation of the implemented random bit generator.
The 66th Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting (LiNo16) was dedicated to the field of physics. A total of 29 Nobel Laureates, 1 A.M. Turing Award recipient and 400 young scientists attended LiNo16 in Lindau, ...Germany. Young scientists from 80 countries attended the meeting. Out of the 400 young scientists at the meeting, only 30% were women scientists, and only one of the Nobel Laureate attendees was a woman.
Evaluation of MDI Inhaler Technique Using a New Training Device Welch, Michael J., MD, FAAAAI; Ostrom, Nancy K., MD, FAAAAI; Greiner, Alexander N., MD, FAAAAI ...
Journal of allergy and clinical immunology,
02/2015, Letnik:
135, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
45 subjects were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: 1. training using the Trainhaler with Flo-Tone (T+F) (Clement Clarke International) 2. training by reading the ProAir package insert (PI) 3. ...control group who received no training (C).
Preparing and certifying bound entangled states in the laboratory is an intrinsically hard task, due to both the fact that they typically form narrow regions in state space, and that a certificate ...requires a tomographic reconstruction of the density matrix. Indeed, the previous experiments that have reported the preparation of a bound entangled state relied on such tomographic reconstruction techniques. However, the reliability of these results crucially depends on the extra assumption of an unbiased reconstruction. We propose an alternative method for certifying the bound entangled character of a quantum state that leads to a rigorous claim within a desired statistical significance, while bypassing a full reconstruction of the state. The method is comprised by a search for bound entangled states that are robust for experimental verification, and a hypothesis test tailored for the detection of bound entanglement that is naturally equipped with a measure of statistical significance. We apply our method to families of states of
3
×
3
and
4
×
4
systems, and find that the experimental certification of bound entangled states is well within reach.
We present the computation of the NLO QCD corrections to the production of a Standard Model Higgs boson in association with up to three jets through gluon-gluon fusion. The computation is performed ...in the approximation of an infinitely heavy top quark. Before studying some phenomenologically important observables, we describe some technical detail about the computation.
Allergic rhinitis (AR) and perennial nonallergic rhinitis (PNAR) represent conditions affecting millions of individuals across the world. Although the diagnosis of AR might be presumptively based on ...the types of symptoms and the history of allergen triggers, confirmation requires documentation of specific IgE reactivity. In contrast, PNAR is a condition with similar symptomatology but in which the patient has no identifiable specific allergic sensitivities. This review presents the diverse options of currently available pharmacologic agents for the treatment of AR and PNAR, including intranasal corticosteroids, H1-antihistamines, decongestants, cromolyn sodium, antileukotrienes, anticholinergics, capsaicin, anti-IgE, and intranasal saline. Furthermore, appropriate stepped-up, stepped-down pharmacotherapeutic algorithms are described for the various forms of rhinitis.
AR is a common condition affecting individuals of all ages. Those afflicted with AR often suffer from associated inflammatory conditions of the mucosa,such as AC, rhinosinusitis, asthma, otitis media ...with effusion, and other atopic conditions, such as eczema and food allergies. Lack of treatment or treatment with suboptimal therapy may result in reduced quality of life and compromise productivity at work or school. Although environmental controls may prove difficult to implement, and not all controls appear adequately to mitigate symptoms of AR, they continue to represent a foundation for treatment. Many different classes of medications are now available, and they have been shown to be effective and safe in a large number of well-designed, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Some of the over-the-counter medi-cations have been associated with increased sedation, potentially leading to accidents and fatalities at work or while operating complex machinery, such as automobiles. Only immunotherapy with increasing doses of individually targeted allergens results in sustained changes in the immune system. Although anti-IgE is probably only the first successful immunomodulator commercially available to treat AR, monoclonal antibodies will remain too costly, at least in the near future, to find their way into routine AR treatment.
Physics at the $$e^+ e^-$$ e + e - linear collider Moortgat-Pick, G.; Baer, H.; Battaglia, M. ...
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
8/2015, Letnik:
75, Številka:
8
Journal Article
A
bstract
We present the NLO QCD corrections to
pp
→
γγj
production at hadron colliders. Our calculation includes contributions from the fragmentation of a hadronic jet into a highly energetic ...photon, and consequently allows the implementation of arbitrary infrared-safe photon isolation definitions. We compare different photon isolation criteria and perform a detailed study of the dependence of the
γγj
cross section on the photon isolation parameters.
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