The origin and nature of extreme energy cosmic rays (EECRs), which have energies above the
5
⋅
10
19
eV
—the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) energy limit, is one of the most interesting and complicated ...problems in modern cosmic-ray physics. Existing ground-based detectors have helped to obtain remarkable results in studying cosmic rays before and after the GZK limit, but have also produced some contradictions in our understanding of cosmic ray mass composition. Moreover, each of these detectors covers only a part of the celestial sphere, which poses problems for studying the arrival directions of EECRs and identifying their sources. As a new generation of EECR space detectors, TUS (Tracking Ultraviolet Set-up), KLYPVE and JEM-EUSO, are intended to study the most energetic cosmic-ray particles, providing larger, uniform exposures of the entire celestial sphere. The TUS detector, launched on board the Lomonosov satellite on April 28, 2016 from Vostochny Cosmodrome in Russia, is the first of these. It employs a single-mirror optical system and a photomultiplier tube matrix as a photo-detector and will test the fluorescent method of measuring EECRs from space. Utilizing the Earth’s atmosphere as a huge calorimeter, it is expected to detect EECRs with energies above
10
20
eV
.
It will also be able to register slower atmospheric transient events: atmospheric fluorescence in electrical discharges of various types including precipitating electrons escaping the magnetosphere and from the radiation of meteors passing through the atmosphere. We describe the design of the TUS detector and present results of different ground-based tests and simulations.
Analysis of Anomalous Events in TUS Data Lavrova, M. V.; Blinov, A. V.; Grinyuk, A. A. ...
Physics of atomic nuclei,
08/2023, Letnik:
86, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The main goal of the TUS experiment was to search for and study extremely high-energy cosmic rays with energies
EeV. The TUS detector registered a number of unusual events, the origin of which is ...unclear. The analysis of not similar to EAS and unique anomalous events is the subject of the study presented in this paper.
The TAIGA experiment (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic ray physics and Gamma-ray Astronomy) combines heterogeneous arrays of imaging and non-imaging Cherenkov light detectors for registration of ...extensive air showers. Monte Carlo simulation of the whole detector response was carried out and is described in this article.
We present physical motivations and advantages of the new gamma-observatory TAIGA (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic ray physics and gamma-ray astronomy). TAIGA will be located in the Tunka ...valley, 50km to the west of Lake Baikal, at the same place as the integrating air Cherenkov detector for cosmic rays Tunka-133. The TAIGA array is a complex, hybrid detector for ground-based gamma-ray astronomy for energies from a few TeV to several PeV as well as for cosmic ray studies from 100TeV to several EeV. The array will consist of a wide angle Cherenkov array – TAIGA-HiSCORE with 5km2 area, a net of 16 IACT telescopes (with FOV of about 9.72°×9.72°) as well as muon and other detectors. We present the current status of the array construction.
The TUS experiment is aimed to study the energy spectrum and arrival direction of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays at
E
∼ 100 EeV from the space orbit by measuring the fluorescence radiation of the ...Extensive Atmospheric Shower in the atmosphere. It is the first orbital telescope aimed for such measurements and is taking data since April 28, 2016. During the first turns of operation ∼20% PMTs were broken due to the HV tuning system failure. For the same reason, the properties of the remaining PMTs are changed. Relative calibration of PMT gains in flight was done and presented based on analyzing TUS background data itself. A reconstruction of EAS arrival directions is done using the relative calibration coefficients.
Study of Anomalous Events in the TUS Experiment Lavrova, M. V.; Blinov, A. V.; Grinyuk, A. A. ...
Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Physics,
07/2023, Letnik:
87, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The results of the TUS experiment on search and study ultra high-energy cosmic rays with energies
E
> 70 EeV are analyzed. The TUS detector registered several unusual events of the unclear origin. ...The analysis of not similar to EAS and unique anomalous events is the subject of the study presented in this paper.
Cake ash from the Chernogorskaya (Khakassia), Tugnuiskaya (Buryatia), and Chegdomyn (Khabarovsk Territory) enrichment facilities is analyzed, as well as ash from the coal sent to those enterprises. ...Numerous rare and rare-earth metals are present in elevated concentrations in the ash of the coal and the ash of the coke. The coal waste contains the metals previously observed in waste from Kuznetsk Basin coal. In addition, the samples of coal ash and coal cake analyzed here have concentrations of other rare metals (rubidium and scandium) and rare-earth elements (yttrium and cerium) that are close to the values recommended for industrial assessment in coal. Promising technologies for the extraction of rare and rare-earth elements from coal and coal waste are considered. Potential applications are identified for the metals of practical interest. Indices are proposed for economic assessment of projects aimed at extracting rare and rare-earth metals from coal waste.
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