This study aimed to focus on the high-value utilization of raw wheat gluten by determining the potent antioxidant peptides and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from wheat ...gluten oligopeptides (WOP). WOP were analyzed for in vitro antioxidant activity and inhibition of ACE, and the identification of active peptides was performed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Quantitative analysis was performed for highly active peptides. Five potent antioxidant peptides, Leu-Tyr, Pro-Tyr, Tyr-Gln, Ala-Pro-Ser-Tyr and Arg-Gly-Gly-Tyr (6.07 ± 0.38, 7.28 ± 0.29, 11.18 ± 1.02, 5.93 ± 0.20 and 9.04 ± 0.47 mmol 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) equivalent/g sample, respectively), and five potent ACE inhibitory peptides, Leu-Tyr, Leu-Val-Ser, Tyr-Gln, Ala-Pro-Ser-Tyr and Arg-Gly-Gly-Tyr (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC
) values = 0.31 ± 0.02, 0.60 ± 0.03, 2.00 ± 0.13, 1.47 ± 0.08 and 1.48 ± 0.11 mmol/L, respectively), were observed. The contents of Leu-Tyr, Pro-Tyr, Tyr-Gln, Ala-Pro-Ser-Tyr, Arg-Gly-Gly-Tyr, and Leu-Val-Ser were 155.04 ± 8.36, 2.08 ± 0.12, 1.95 ± 0.06, 22.70 ± 1.35, 0.25 ± 0.01, and 53.01 ± 2.73 μg/g, respectively, in the WOP. Pro-Tyr, Tyr-Gln, Ala-Pro-Ser-Tyr, Arg-Gly-Gly-Tyr, and Leu-Val-Ser are novel antioxidative/ACE inhibitory peptides that have not been previously reported. The results suggest that WOP could potentially be applied in the food industry as a functional additive.
•Long-term experimental results of fly ash-blended cement paste are provided;•A modified selective dissolution method is developed;•A modified tangential method for TGA test is developed;•A SEM-EDS ...approach is developed to investigate chemical composition of cement paste;•Typical Ca/Si and Al/Si ratios of fly ash-blended cement paste are 1.4 and 0.25.
Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) significantly improve concrete performance. However, the application of SCMs remains limited by their heterogeneity and variability. This study investigated the pozzolanic reaction and curing temperature-dependence of low-calcium fly ash in cement systems over 2 years. The experimental results show that fly ashes have different reactivities and temperature dependencies even though they have similar material properties. A modified tangential method was developed for thermogravimetric analysis of the calcium hydroxide content and chemically bound water of fly ash-blended cement paste. The chemical composition of an aluminium-modified calcium silicate hydrate (C-(A)-S-H) gel of fly ash-blended cement paste was studied by scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) with image analysis. The experimental results show that as the Ca/Si ratio decreased in fly ash–cement paste, the Al/Si ratio increased. The Al/Si distribution of fly ash-blended cement paste varies widely from 0.05 to 0.50 with no specific maximum. The typical Ca/Si and Al/Si ratios of C-(A)-S-H gel in fly ash cement paste are approximately 1.40 and 0.25.
•An approach was developed to characterise low-calcium fly ash based on SEM-EDS.•The content of mullite affects the reactivity of Al-silicate glass.•The content of mullite is proportionate to ...undissolved content of fly ash.•Mullite exists as a small solid that is widely distributed in Al-silicate glass.•Quartz tends to exist alongside and is usually covered by silicate glass.
The use of fly ash to improve concrete performance has increased around the world in recent decades. However, the engineering application of fly ash remains limited by its heterogeneity and variability. This paper presents a developed approach for comprehensive characterisation of fly ash material properties based on scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy full-element mapping with image analysis. The chemical compositions, mineralogical and amorphous phase assemblage and specific surface area of each phase can be visually analysed and quantified. Analysis reveals that the phase assemblage of fly ash is affected by its combustion conditions. Although a wide distribution of crystalline mullite can be found in fly ash particles, crystalline quartz is usually covered by amorphous silicate. The characterisation approach developed in this study is used to investigate the influence of crystal components on kinetic properties of various phases of fly ash in alkaline conditions. The results show that crystalline mullite affects the kinetic properties of Al-silicate glass and glass-mullite intermixtures.
Abstract
Carbon-introducing difunctionalization of C-C double bonds enabled by transition-metal catalysis is one of most straightforward and efficient strategies to construct C-C and C-X bonds ...concurrently from readily available feedstocks towards structurally diverse molecules in one step; however, analogous difunctionalization for introducing germanium group and other functionalities remains elusive. Herein, we describe a nickel-catalyzed germylative alkylation of activated olefins with easily accessible primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl bromides and chlorogermanes as the electrophiles to form C-Ge and C-C
alkyl
bonds simultaneously. This method provides a modular and facile approach for the synthesis of a broad range of alkylgermanes with good functional group compatibility, and can be further applied to the late-stage modification of natural products and pharmaceuticals, as well as ligation of drug fragments. More importantly, this platform enables the expedient synthesis of germanium substituted ospemifene-Ge-OH, which shows improved properties compared to ospemifene in the treatment of breast cancer cells, demonstrating high potential of our protocol in drug development.
•Membrane materials used in ultrafiltration process for whey protein recovery.•Various membrane processing methods for cheese whey protein separation.•Membrane fouling mechanisms during whey protein ...ultrafiltration were discussed.
Whey is a byproduct with nutritional value and high organic and saline content. It is an important source of organic contamination in dairy industry. In this paper, we gave an overview of the current use of membrane materials and membrane processing in cheese whey protein recovery and discussed recent developments in membrane technology. Different types of membranes, such as polymers, ceramic membranes and modification membranes, are used for various purposes, such an increasing permeation flux, reducing membrane fouling, and increasing the protein rejection rate, concentration, fractionation and purification of whey protein. New membrane processing methods and integrated membrane methods to recover whey protein were reviewed. Membrane fouling factors during whey protein ultrafiltration process, which included whey protein conformation, membrane filtration conditions and the interaction between proteins and the membrane surface or pores, were also discussed and analyzed to reveal membrane fouling mechanism.
A visible‐light mediated γ‐hydroxyalkylation of ketones via C(sp3)‐H functionalization has been developed under redox neutral conditions. This protocol relies on the iminyl radical‐triggered 1,5‐HAT ...followed by oxyalkylation of alkenes, wherein C−C and C−O bonds were constructed in one step. This three‐component reaction features mild conditions, wide substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance, thus providing a facile and highly efficient access to complex valuable ketones.
This study aimed to investigate brain activity changes in patients suffering from neuropathic pain (NP) following brachial plexus avulsion (BPA).
Fifteen patients with NP following BPA and eight ...healthy participants (HP) were recruited for this study. All participants underwent examination using resting-state functional MRI. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were calculated and compared between the BPA group, left-BPA subgroup, right-BPA subgroup, and the HP group using independent samples t-tests.
In the BPA group, there were notable increases in ALFF/ReHo observed in the left rolandic operculum, insula, and supramarginal gyrus, while decreases were observed in the left paracentral lobule, fusiform gyrus, calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, lingual gyrus, precuneus, as well as the bilateral anterior/median cingulate and paracingulate gyri, supplementary motor area, and cerebellum. In the left-BPA subgroup, elevated ALFF/ReHo levels were identified in the left middle/inferior frontal gyri, rolandic operculum, and supramarginal gyrus, with corresponding decreases in the left calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, inferior occipital gyrus, fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus, as well as the bilateral anterior/median cingulate and paracingulate gyri, postcentral gyri, supplementary motor area, paracentral lobules, and cerebellum. The right-BPA subgroup displayed increased ALFF/ReHo in the left frontal lobe, rolandic operculum, insula, fusiform gyrus, and lingual gyrus, as well as the right cerebellum. Conversely, decreases in ALFF/ReHo were observed in the bilateral anterior/median cingulate and paracingulate gyri, calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex, cuneus, and occipital lobes.
The NP after BPA caused spontaneous activity changes in brain regions associated with linguistic, visual, somatosensory, and motor coordination and processing function. The majority of these abnormal areas were situated in the left cerebral hemisphere, while the effect of cingulate gyri and cerebellum seemed to be bilateral.
•Extensive brain activity changes exist in NP patients after BPA.•The majority of abnormal areas located in the left cerebral hemisphere.•The changes of cingulate gyri and cerebellum seemed to be bilateral.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the world. Relapse and metastasis are important factors endangering the life of breast cancer patients, but the mechanism is still unclear. The ...stabilization of p53 is essential for preventing carcinogenesis, and ubiquitination is one of the main ways to regulate the stability of p53. Tripartite motif-containing 31 (TRIM31) is a new member of the TRIM family and functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. It acts as a cancer promoter or suppressor in the malignant processes of multiple cancers. However, the function of TRIM31 in breast cancer progression remains unknown. In this study, we showed that TRIM31 is downregulated in breast cancer tissues and negatively correlated with breast cancer progression. Both gain- and loss-of-function assays indicated that TRIM31 inhibits the proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells. Further investigation demonstrated that TRIM31 directly interacts with p53, and inducing the K63-linked ubiquitination of p53 via its RING domain, Meanwhile, TRIM31 suppresses the MDM2-mediated K48-linked ubiquitination of p53 through competitive inhibiting the interaction of MDM2 and p53, leading to the p53 stabilization and activation. Knockdown of p53 reversed the inhibitory effects of TRIM31 on the growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Moreover, we found that the RING and coiled-coil (C-C) domains of TRIM31 were essential for its tumor suppressor function. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which TRIM31 suppresses breast cancer development through the stabilization and activation of p53 and define a promising therapeutic strategy for restoring TRIM31 to treat breast cancer.
Abstract
We present precise photometric estimates of stellar parameters, including effective temperature, metallicity, luminosity classification, distance, and stellar age, for nearly 26 million ...stars using the methodology developed in the first paper of this series, based on the stellar colors from the Stellar Abundances and Galactic Evolution Survey (SAGES) Data Release 1 and Gaia Early Data Release 3. The optimal design of stellar-parameter sensitive
uv
filters by SAGES has enabled us to determine photometric-metallicity estimates down to −3.5, similar to our previous results with the SkyMapper Southern Survey (SMSS), yielding a large sample of over five million metal-poor (Fe/H ≤ −1.0) stars and nearly one million very metal-poor (Fe/H ≤ −2.0) stars. The typical precision is around 0.1 dex for both dwarf and giant stars with Fe/H > −1.0, and 0.15–0.25/0.3–0.4 dex for dwarf/giant stars with Fe/H < −1.0. Using the precise parallax measurements and stellar colors from Gaia, effective temperature, luminosity classification, distance, and stellar age are further derived for our sample stars. This huge data set in the Northern sky from SAGES, together with similar data in the Southern sky from SMSS, will greatly advance our understanding of the Milky Way, in particular its formation and evolution.
PDF
