Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of death among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly in low- and middle-income countries. To effectively prevent the ...development of CVDs in T2DM, considerable effort has been made to explore novel preventive approaches, individualized glycemic control and cardiovascular risk management (strict blood pressure and lipid control), together with recently developed glucose-lowering agents and lipid-lowering drugs. This review mainly addresses the important issues affecting the choice of antidiabetic agents and lipid, blood pressure and antiplatelet treatments considering the cardiovascular status of the patient. Finally, we also discuss the changes in therapy principles underlying CVDs in T2DM.
Intelligent fault diagnosis methods based on deep learning becomes a research hotspot in the fault diagnosis field. Automatically and accurately identifying the incipient micro-fault of rotating ...machinery, especially for fault orientations and severity degree, is still a major challenge in the field of intelligent fault diagnosis. The traditional fault diagnosis methods rely on the manual feature extraction of engineers with prior knowledge. To effectively identify an incipient fault in rotating machinery, this paper proposes a novel method, namely improved the convolutional neural network-support vector machine (CNN-SVM) method. This method improves the traditional convolutional neural network (CNN) model structure by introducing the global average pooling technology and SVM. Firstly, the temporal and spatial multichannel raw data from multiple sensors is directly input into the improved CNN-Softmax model for the training of the CNN model. Secondly, the improved CNN are used for extracting representative features from the raw fault data. Finally, the extracted sparse representative feature vectors are input into SVM for fault classification. The proposed method is applied to the diagnosis multichannel vibration signal monitoring data of a rolling bearing. The results confirm that the proposed method is more effective than other existing intelligence diagnosis methods including SVM, K-nearest neighbor, back-propagation neural network, deep BP neural network, and traditional CNN.
Summary
A finite element model was established using SAP2000 software for the C1 tower, a super high‐rise building in the second phase of the Nanjing Financial City project, and the construction ...process of the tower was simulated. The C1 tower adopts a frame core tube extension arm and ring truss structure system, with 87 floors above ground and five floors underground. The roof structure has an elevation of 416.6 m. Precise measurements of inter‐story compression deformation were conducted using advanced surveying equipment. Sensitivity analysis, based on the finite difference method, identified the shear wall elastic modulus, frame column elastic modulus, steel beam elastic modulus, and shear wall unit weight as four highly influential parameters. Employing the Bayesian principle, the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method was applied to determine the posterior density probability function of the parameters targeted for modification. Subsequently, the Metropolis–Hastings (MH) sampling algorithm was employed to refine the C1 Tower model. This refinement significantly reduced the root mean square error between the measured and simulated vertical displacements, achieving an error reduction of approximately 10% from 6.082 to around 2.160. The modified material parameters, for the most part, adhered to a normal distribution assumption and exhibited mean values in the posterior probability density functions for the elastic modulus of Q345 steel beams, C70 frame columns, and C60 shear walls. Compared to the initial finite element parameters, the variation range was approximately 13% to 17%. These results serve as a validation of the effectiveness of the proposed method.
In order to protect the marine environment, the fuel cell has become a good candidate for the main energy source of marine vehicles due to its remarkable performance of high efficiency, quietness, ...and cleanness. However, the fuel cell of the hybrid power system has a critical drawback of short lifetime. For this reason, the development of the energy management strategy considering power sources degradation becomes significant and urgent. In addition, the power system configuration has a strong link with the control strategy. In this vein, a sizing method of the hybrid energy storage system for a fuel cell hybrid excursion ferry is proposed to prolong the fuel cell lifetime. Based on the configuration of the power system, a real-time optimization control strategy considering efficiency and durability is developed. To verify the control strategy, the mathematical model of the hybrid power system is established. Compared with the wavelet-based control strategy and rule-based control strategy, the proposed strategy has better performance in terms of the fuel economy, the system durability as well as the dynamic property.
Autophagy is a dynamic and highly regulated process of self-digestion responsible for cell survival and reaction to oxidative stress. As oxidative stress is increased in uremia and is associated with ...vascular calcification, we studied the role of autophagy in vascular calcification induced by phosphate. In an in vitro phosphate-induced calcification model of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and in an in vivo model of chronic renal failure, autophagy was inhibited by the superoxide dismutase mimic MnTMPyP, superoxide dismutase-2 overexpression, and by knockdown of the sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter Pit1. Although phosphate-induced VSMC apoptosis was reduced by an inhibitor of autophagy (3-methyladenine) and knockdown of autophagy protein 5, calcium deposition in VSMCs was increased during inhibition of autophagy, even with the apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. An inducer of autophagy, valproic acid, decreased calcification. Furthermore, 3-methyladenine significantly promoted phosphate-induced matrix vesicle release with increased alkaline phosphatase activity. Thus, autophagy may be an endogenous protective mechanism counteracting phosphate-induced vascular calcification by reducing matrix vesicle release. Therapeutic agents influencing the autophagic response may be of benefit to treat aging or disease-related vascular calcification and osteoporosis.
•Extension of the compressor map towards the low speed region using a novel way.•Incorporation of the new compressor model and a blower submodel to the MVEM tool.•In-depth study of large two-stoke ...marine diesel engine operation at low load region.•Comparison of blower activation and turbocharger cut-out alternatives.•Blower can be activated in engine load below 25% if one turbocharger is cut-out.
In this article, the operation of a large containership main engine was investigated with emphasis at slow steaming conditions. A cycle mean value approach implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment was adopted to simulate the two-stroke marine diesel engine due to the fact that it combines simplicity with adequate prediction accuracy. For accurately representing the compressor performance when the engine operates at low loads, the extension of the compressor map at the low rotational speed region was carried out based on a non-dimensional parameters method incorporating a novel way of calculating the compressor isentropic efficiency. The compressor map extension method results were validated using a corrected similarity laws approach. The engine steady state operation for various loads was simulated and the predicted engine performance parameters were validated using shop trial measurements. Furthermore, the engine transient operation in the load region below 50% was studied and the simulation results including the compressor operating points trajectory are presented and discussed. Based on the obtained results, the influence of the activation/deactivation of the installed electric driven blowers and the turbocharger cut-out on the engine operation was analysed.
Marine heatwaves (MHWs), which are discrete extreme oceanic warming events, have important impacts on the marine ecosystem, fishery resources, and social economy. Previous studies based on sea ...surface temperature suggest that MHWs in the tropical western Pacific Ocean are very weak. However, here we show that the MHWs observed by the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean/Triangle Trans-Ocean Buoy Network buoys in the tropical western Pacific Ocean are unexpectedly strong in the subsurface layer (50–300 m depth). The ensemble mean intensity of subsurface MHWs shows a peak of about 5.2 °C at 150 m, and the maximal mean intensity reaches 8.9 °C at 5° N, 137° E. Subsurface MHWs occur almost every year with an ensemble mean duration ranging from 13 to 22 days, and show no statistically significant correlation with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation index although the subsurface MHWs during La Niña events are slightly stronger and more frequent than during El Niño events. It seems that the subsurface MHWs are strong and frequent in April–June but relatively weaker and less frequent in September and October than in other months. Anomalous sea surface convergence and Ekman down-welling play an important role in the development of subsurface MHWs. Strong subsurface MHWs are likely to affect the fishery production of tropical western Pacific.
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