The method of metal-induced lateral recrystallization is an urgent research task for manufacturing integrated circuits of multilevel architecture, sensitive elements of sensors, as well as electronic ...microsystems and nanosystems. An optimized method of metal-induced lateral crystallization (MILC) of amorphous-silicon nanowire structures using nickel silicide is presented. On the basis of this method, nanowire
n
-channel field-effect gate-all-around (GAA) MILC transistors are manufactured. Similar structures are manufactured on the basis of single-crystal silicon using SOI (SIMOX) substrates, i.e., SOI GAA transistors. A comparative analysis of the electrical characteristics of field-effect nanowire GAA transistors based on recrystallized and single-crystal silicon is carried out. It is shown that the electrical characteristics of nanowire MILC GAA transistors are comparable to those of nanowire SOI GAA transistors. Thus, the measured electron mobility in weak fields amounts to 130 cm
2
/(V s) for the MILC GAA transistor and 200 cm
2
/(V s) for the SOI GAA transistor.
The ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) is a promising tool for detecting intermolecular interactions, including biochemical ones. Using the ISFET, it is possible to recognize various ...mechanisms of specifically adsorbed substances. In addition, ISFET can be integrated with CMOS technology, which opens up new prospects for creating intelligent micro- and nanosystems. In this study, the influence of the design and technological parameters of the ISFET on charge sensitivity is investigated using numerical simulation. Two types of the ISFET design based on a completely depleted floating-gate SOI structure are presented. The designs differ by the way of forming the liquid medium–gate contact. The analytical dependences of the charge sensitivity of the ISFET, which make it possible to analyze the ISFET sensitivity, are obtained. It is shown that the limiting sensitivity is achievable on a composite nanowire structure with submicron dimensions. The sensitivity of the considered ISFET design with the characteristic size of 1.2 µm when an analyte is adsorbed is about 50 effective electron charges. The ISFET designed with submicron physical dimensions (wire width of 10 nm and wire length of 100 nm) has the sensitivity of 1 to 2 effective electron charges.
Analytical dependences are constructed for a characteristic reinforced concrete element simulating inter-medium contact zones with simultaneously occurring processes of changing the long-term ...strength of concrete in time, taking into account the aging process of concrete and the process of neutralizing concrete with an aggressive environment. The proposed version of the calculation model of the long-term deformation of a corrosion-damaged composite reinforced concrete element in the zone of contact of two concretes makes it possible to study the deformed state of such structures in a plane stress state.
Relapsing Autoimmune GFAP Astrocytopathy: Case Report Chekanova, Ekaterina O.; Shabalina, Аlla А.; Simaniv, Taras O. ...
Annaly kliničeskoj i èksperimentalʹnoj nevrologii (Online),
01/2024, Letnik:
17, Številka:
4
Journal Article
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Introduction. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the main component of intermediate astrocyte filaments. In 2016, anti-GFAP antibodies (Ab) were identified as the specific biomarker for the ...first established CNS inflammatory disorder subsequently called autoimmune astrocytopathy associated with anti-GFAP Ab (A-GFAP-A). Since GFAP is localized intracellularly, GFAP Ab do not appear to be directly pathogenic though serve as a biomarker of immune inflammation. Although presence of GFAP-Ab in the serum (but not in the CSF) could be observed in various CNS immune-mediated diseases, detection of GFAP-Ab in CSF is only characteristic for A-GFAP-A. A-GFAP-A usually develops after the age of 40 and mostly manifests acutely or subacutely with symptoms of meningoencephalomyelitis or its focal forms. Linear perivascular radial cerebral white matter enhancement is a specific MRI finding of A-GFAP-A. Concomitant neoplasms or autoimmune disorders, as well as co-expression of other antineuronal antibodies are not uncommon in A-GFAP-A. Usually, disease responds well to immunotherapy, and prolonged remission could be achieved, however recurrent disease course and fulminant cases are also described in the literature. In these cases, long-term immunosuppression is required. Data on epidemiology, etiological factors, and precise pathogenesis of A-GFAP-A are still limited. Due to the lack of long-term follow-up data, diagnostic criteria, generally accepted treatment strategies or prognostic risk factors for relapse and outcome of the disease have not yet been established and precised. We present the first description of a case of relapsing A-GFAP-A in Russia and an analysis of the current data on the pathogenesis, clinical features, as well as the diagnostic challenges and treatment approaches for A-GFAP-A.
Disassembly and reassembly of the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) is one of the major events during open mitosis in higher eukaryotes. However, how this process is controlled by the mitotic machinery ...is not clear. To investigate this we developed a novel in vivo model system based on syncytial Drosophila embryos. We microinjected different mitotic effectors into the embryonic cytoplasm and monitored the dynamics of disassembly/reassembly of NPCs in live embryos using fluorescently labeled wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) or in fixed embryos using electron microscopy and immunostaining techniques. We found that in live embryos Cdk1 activity was necessary and sufficient to induce disassembly of NPCs as well as their cytoplasmic mimics: annulate lamellae pore complexes (ALPCs). Cdk1 activity was also required for keeping NPCs and ALPCs disassembled during mitosis. In agreement recombinant Cdk1/cyclin B was able to induce phosphorylation and dissociation of nucleoporins from the NPCs in vitro. Conversely, reassembly of NPCs and ALPCs was dependent on the activity of protein phosphatases, sensitive to okadaic acid (OA). Our findings suggest a model where mitotic disassembly/reassembly of the NPCs is regulated by a dynamic equilibrium of Cdk1 and OA-sensitive phosphatase activities and provide evidence that mitotic phosphorylation mediates disassembly of the NPC.
For nanocrystalline ceria-zirconia samples doped with rare-earth (Gd Pr La) cations prepared via modified Pechini route and promoted by Pt supported by wet impregnation parameters characterizing ...their oxygen mobility and reactivity were estimated from results of oxygen isotope exchange experiments in both isothermal and temperature-programmed modes using different procedures Observed trends in variation of oxygen exchange parameters with the type and content of a dopant were explained with a due regard for the real structure and surface properties of samples earlier characterized in detail For the reaction of partial oxidation and dry reforming of methane in diluted feeds catalytic activity correlates both with Pt dispersion and oxygen mobility For the reactions of acetone autothermal reforming and CH4 dry reforming in realistic feeds catalytic activity is mainly determined by the surface/bulk oxygen mobility responsible for coking suppression (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved
We considered Moscow-specific features of time variations in PM
2.5
mass concentration in the surface air layer as a function of a number of atmospheric parameters such as the concentrations of ...certain atmospheric trace gases, aerosol optical depth, surface air temperature, humidity, and wind speed. The time series of concentrations of PM
2.5
and gaseous pollutants SO
2
, NH
3
, NO
x
, CO, and O
3
, obtained during continuous observations in 2011–2013, were analyzed. We studied the diurnal and seasonal variations in concentrations of PM
2.5
and the trace gases, revealed correlations between them, analyzed variations in PM
2.5
concentration as a function of concentration of certain gases participating in the formation of atmospheric aerosols, and as a function of meteorological parameters. Data on PM
2.5
surface concentrations are compared with measurements of aerosol optical depth.
It is shown using the methods of acoustic emission in the version of linear location and internal friction that, upon extension of an initially equilibrium composition (carbon-fiber-reinforced ...plastic), nonrelaxed stress is accumulated at sites of explosive creation of microcracks. This process is caused by incomplete relaxation redistribution of the stored energy/elastic strain according to the nonlinear mechanism. The increasing level of nonrelaxed stress inevitably transforms a heterogeneous body into the metastable state. Due to this, the dissipative ability of the system as a whole decreases and the probability of occurrence of a nonequilibrium crack increases.
We report a detailed study of structural and chemical transformations of amorphous hydrous zirconia into sulfated zirconia-based superacid catalysts. Precipitation pH is shown to be the key factor ...governing structure, composition and properties of amorphous sulfated zirconia gels and nanocrystalline sulfated zirconia. Increase in precipitation pH leads to substantial increase of surface fractal dimension (up to ∼2.7) of amorphous sulfated zirconia gels, and consequently to increase in specific surface area (up to ∼80m2/g) and simultaneously to decrease in sulfate content and total acidity of zirconia catalysts. Complete conversion of hexene-1 over as synthesized sulfated zirconia catalysts was observed even under ambient conditions.
Surface fractal dimension of amorphous sulfated zirconia and specific surface area and catalytic activity of crystalline sulfated zirconia as a function of precipitation pH. Display omitted
► Structural transformation of amorphous hydrous zirconia into sulfated zirconia is studied. ► Precipitation pH controls surface fractal dimension of amorphous zirconia gels. ► Precipitation pH is the key factor governing properties of sulfated zirconia.
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