The removal of textile dye using the biosorption technique is important for improving water quality and avoiding the harmful effects of the traditional approach for removing wastewater on human ...health. Lichens are symbiotic organisms that have great potential for decolorization and degradation of textile dye. The present study evaluates Acid Red P-2BX dye decolorization by living lichen
Evernia prunastri
at the pH range of 2–10. Dye decolorization rates at pH 2 were 84.62%, 87.5% and 88.54% at 25, 50 and 100 mg/L of initial dye concentrations, respectively. The pigment analysis and mean intensity of chlorophyll autofluorescence results indicated that pH could be the main factor affecting lichen physiology and thalli decolorization capacity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used as a high-throughput method for understanding biomolecular changes in thalli. The lipid/amide I and carbohydrate/amide I ratio increased at pH 2. The present study also indicated, for the first time, that decolorization rate is related to altering lichen carbohydrate and especially lipid metabolism in the
E. prunastri
thalli. Thus, we demonstrated that the lichen
E. prunastri
could be a good candidate for use as a biosorbent.
In the present study, vibration and buckling of nanotubes (nanofibers) embedded in an elastic medium are studied. A length scale-dependent theory called Doublet Mechanics (DM) is used in the ...formulation. In this theory, discrete microstructure of solids is considered in the formulation and using a bottom-up approach macro level strains and stresses are obtained from microlevel strains and stresses. Taylor series expansion of the microlevel displacement is used in the definition of the micro strains. The number of terms in the Taylor series describes the microstructure of the considered solids. In this study, nanotube fibers are assumed as an Euler–Bernoulli beam embedded in an elastic medium. Simply supported and clamped boundary conditions are considered at the edges of the beams. Free vibration frequencies and critical buckling loads are obtained and compared with the classical elasticity results. It is shown that scale-dependent DM can be used at the nanolength scale.
In this study, wave propagation in beams is studied using different beam theories like Euler-Bernoulli, Timoshenko and Reddy beam theories. Dispersion curves obtained for these beam theories are ...compared with the exact plane elasticity solutions. It is obtained that, there are two branches for Reddy beam theory similar to the Timoshenko beam theory. However, one branch is obtained for Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The effects of in-plane load on Timoshenko and Reddy beam theories are examined and dispersion curves of the Timoshenko and Reddy beams are compared with exact plane elasticity solution. In Timoshenko beam theory, qualitative difference between the two spectrums has been lost with in-plane loads for some wave numbers.
A series of some new benzimidazole-1,3,4-thiadiazoles was synthesized. The structures of target substances were confirmed by using
1
H-NMR and
13
С-NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental ...analysis. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against six bacterial strains namely Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 13883), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 2942), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213)and four fungal strains namely Candida albicans (ATCC 24433), Candida krusei (ATCC 6258), Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 22019) and Candida glabrata (ATCC 9). Antimicrobial data revealed that compounds 4f and 4i with MIC of < 0.97 µg/mL were found to be most effective against E. coli. Among the studied molecules, compounds 4f and 4i showed the best antifungal activity with MIC value of 1.95 µg/mL. Additionally, docking studies were performed towards the most promising compounds 4f and 4i, in the active site of DNA gyrase revealing strong interactions. A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis was also used to investigate the dynamic nature, binding interaction, and protein-ligand stability.
Summary
Klinefelter syndrome is the most frequent chromosomal abnormality in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia. The development of advanced assisted reproductive techniques, such as testicular ...sperm extraction and intracytoplasmic sperm injection, has provided the possibility of biological fathering in nonobstructive azoospermic patients with Klinefelter syndrome. We aimed to evaluate our sperm retrieval rate by microdissection testicular sperm extraction and to analyse the intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes in these patients. Medical records of 110 nonobstructive azoospermic patients with Klinefelter syndrome were retrospectively reviewed. We found that the sperm retrieval rate by microdissection testicular sperm extraction is lower than published reports on other types of secretory azoospermia. The statistical analyses yielded that age, FSH and testosterone levels as predictive factors for successful sperm retrieval.
Summary
We aimed to investigate sperm retrieval rates (SRR) by testicular sperm extraction (TESE), factors affecting SRR, and fertilization rate (FR), implantation rate (IR), clinical pregnancy rate ...(CPR) and live birth rate (LBR) in patients with presumed Sertoli‐cell‐only syndrome in testis biopsy (SCOS). We retrospectively evaluated files of 134 patients with SCOS who underwent TESE. Group I were patients in whom spermatozoa were retrieved and Group II were patients in whom no spermatozoa could be retrieved. SRR, Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone levels, and the volume of testicles were compared between groups. In addition, FR, IR, CPR and LBR were determined. Sperm retrieval was achieved in 37 (27.6%) patients (Group I), and the remaining 97 (72.4%) patients made Group II. There were no significant differences in age, infertility time, testicular volume, serum FSH, LH and testosterone levels between Groups I and II (p > 0.05). Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was performed in 36 patients. FR, IR, and CPR were 60.86 ± 23.03, 36.53 ± 41.78 and 51.3% respectively. Cycle and patient based LBRs were 37.8 and 45.1% respectively. SRR in SCOS is lower than patients with non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA) in general. No parameters to predict spermatozoa retrieval were determined. In patients with SCOS, ICSI achieves similar live birth rate to other patients with NOA.
Phenol (PNL) and phenolic compounds are major contaminants for water sources as they are used for the production of many industrial products. Herein, it is aimed to fabricate a novel voltammetric ...sensor platform for selective, sensitive, and practical detection of PNL. For this purpose, pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) were modified with dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) surfactant as the first time in the literature. The optimizations of the experimental conditions for modification of DTAB at the surface of PGEs were done, then the oxidation signal of PNL was measured at +0.660 V using DTAB-PGEs. Enhanced PNL signal was obtained by using DTAB-PGEs and sensitive detection of PNL was achieved. PNL detection was successfully performed in not only buffer solution but also in tap water and industrial wastewater by reaching the detection limits as 0.16 µg/mL, 0.12 µg/mL, and 0.24 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, DTAB-PGEs eliminated the interference effects of inorganic and organic compounds for the detection of PNL. This is the first study in the literature in terms of the development of DTAB-PGEs and non-enzymatic voltammetric detection of PNL by using DTAB-PGEs.
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•DTAB modification of pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was done as the first time.•Phenol (PNL) detected using DTAB-PGEs and cyclic voltammetry (CV).•The sensitive and selective detection of PNL was achieved.•The application of the sensor was shown in tap water and industrial wastewater.
In this study the combined uncertainty of a two-dimensional (2D) hydraulic model expanded at 95% confidence level is estimated and the uncertainty budget for the model outputs is attempted to be ...constructed. It has been shown that many uncertainty sources in the inputs as well as the procedure applied have a significant impact on the accuracy of two-dimensional hydraulic modelling: the uncertainties in the model inputs due to variations in Manning's 'n' Coefficient assigned, the bridge modelling methods, the equation sets; Diffusion Wave and Full Momentum Equations employed and the geometric data sets for the same river system in the Black Sea Region of Turkey are assessed. To estimate an appropriate M'n'C and other model inputs of model for a river system with a wide 2D flow area is a daunting task. Therefore, any attempt to quantify uncertainties in the assigned values must be based on the samples large enough to obtain statistically significant results. To achieve this task, Monte Carlo Method is utilized to estimate the contribution of the likely variations of model inputs onto 'the combined expended uncertainty at 95% confidence level in two-dimensional hydraulic modelling'.
Abstract Synthetic dyes, particularly reactive and acid dyes, are commonly used in the textile industry because of their advantages as excellent color fastness and brightness. Also, surfactants are ...used for an increment of coloring success in the textile industry. One of the major problems concerning textile wastewater is the treatment of the effluents containing both dyes and surfactants. Biological treatment systems are recommended as useful, economic and eco-friendly methods for treatment of industrial wastewater. The purpose of this study was to investigate the binary removal of a textile dye and a surfactant by growing Aspergillus versicolor culture in molasses medium. The effect of dye and surfactant concentration on the removal of dye and surfactant was determined. This study resulted that 100% of the surfactant and dye molecules removed together with the formation of a dye-surfactant complex by fungus. It is concluded that binary removal systems are very efficient for industrial wastewater treatment.
Resumo Os corantes sintéticos, particularmente corantes reativos e ácidos, são comumente usados na indústria têxtil devido às suas vantagens como excelente solidez da cor e brilho. Além disso, os surfactantes são usados para incrementar o sucesso da coloração na indústria têxtil. Um dos principais problemas relativos às águas residuais têxteis são o tratamento dos efluentes contendo corantes e surfactantes. Os sistemas de tratamento biológico são recomendados como métodos úteis, econômicos e ecológicos para o tratamento de efluentes industriais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a remoção binária de um corante têxtil e um surfactante, cultivando a cultura Aspergillus versicolor em meio de melaço. O efeito das concentrações de corante e surfactante nas remoções de corante e surfactante foi determinado. Este estudo resultou na remoção de 100% das moléculas de surfactante e corante juntamente com a formação de um complexo corante-surfactante por fungos. Conclui-se que os sistemas de remoção binária são muito eficientes no tratamento de efluentes industriais.
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