Three air target intention recognition methods based on deep learning are proposed to realize the function of recognizing air target intention based on real-time situation information to resolve the ...problem that pilots cannot effectively observe and analyze observation within a short period of time in complex air battlefield environments and traditional air target intention recognition algorithms have shortcomings such as complex feature filtering and reliance on expert experience. The methods use expert experience to simulate combat in the air on the simulation platform we designed, obtain and filter key posture information of aerial targets and corresponding expert script intention labels during combat, and sends them to a designed full connect network, a convolutional neural network and a recurrent neural network for training. The training results show that all three networks can achieve air target intention recognition, and the recurrent neural network based model can achieve the intention recognition with an accuracy of 80%. Compared with traditional methods, such as D-S inference, the proposed method is more general and robust. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the method we proposed is verified by the simulation and experiments.
The Plumbing of Land Surface Models Haughton, Ned; Abramowitz, Gab; Pitman, Andy J. ...
Journal of hydrometeorology,
06/2016, Letnik:
17, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Protocol for the Analysis of Land Surface Models (PALS) Land Surface Model Benchmarking Evaluation Project (PLUMBER) illustrated the value of prescribing a priori performance targets in model ...intercomparisons. It showed that the performance of turbulent energy flux predictions from different land surface models, at a broad range of flux tower sites using common evaluation metrics, was on average worse than relatively simple empirical models. For sensible heat fluxes, all land surface models were outperformed by a linear regression against downward shortwave radiation. For latent heat flux, all land surface models were outperformed by a regression against downward shortwave radiation, surface air temperature, and relative humidity. These results are explored here in greater detail and possible causes are investigated. It is examined whether particular metrics or sites unduly influence the collated results, whether results change according to time-scale aggregation, and whether a lack of energy conservation in flux tower data gives the empirical models an unfair advantage in the intercomparison. It is demonstrated that energy conservation in the observational data is not responsible for these results. It is also shown that the partitioning between sensible and latent heat fluxes in LSMs, rather than the calculation of available energy, is the cause of the original findings. Finally, evidence is presented that suggests that the nature of this partitioning problem is likely shared among all contributing LSMs. While a single candidate explanation for why land surface models perform poorly relative to empirical benchmarks in PLUMBER could not be found, multiple possible explanations are excluded and guidance is provided on where future research should focus.
This study focused on the fabrication of a peculiar 3D/2D ZnIn2S4/oxygen-doped graphitic carbon nitride (ZnIn2S4/SO-GCN) through a simple hydrothermal method. The flower-like morphology of hexagonal ...ZnIn2S4 disperse on the SO-GCN nanosheets are evidenced by XRD, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The as-synthesized nanocomposites were intensively applied for the visible light photocatalytic removal of aqueous phase 2,4-D. The heterojunction creation and the well-developed combined interface between ZnIn2S4 and SO-GCN significantly increases its photogenerated charge separation capability. The photo-degradation mechanism disclose that the heterojunction has improved catalytic degradation activity, due to efficient transferring of photogenerated electron-holes pairs. Under visible-light irradiation, these nanocomposites showed 3–5 times higher degradation rate of 2,4-D (i.e. 0.0112/min, by 30%-ZnIn2S4/SO-GCN), as compared to solo ZnIn2S4 and SO-GCN, attributed to the composite’s synergistic effect in unique 3D/2D heterojunction, that accelerates the electron-hole separation. The h+ and •OH species contribute a noteworthy role in the degradation process of 2,4-D over 30%-ZnIn2S4/SO-GCN. In addition, the synthesized nanocomposites sustained their reusability performance in five cyclic run. Our research have implications of constructing 3D/2D nanocomposites which is beneficial for scalable solution of efficient photocatalysts.
•Flower like ZnIn2S4/SO-GCN heterojunction was synthesized by hydrothermal method.•Interfacial microstructures significantly enhanced the photocatalytic performance.•A typical Type II heterostructure was confirmed between SO-GCN and ZnIn2S4.•The degradation rate of 2,4-D by 30%-ZnIn2S4/SO-GCN was investigated.
The efficient deployment of visible and near-infrared (NIR) light for photocatalytic disinfection is of great concern a matter. Herein, we report a specific bifunctional 2D/2D g-C3N4/BiO2−x ...nanosheets heterojunction, prepared through a self-assembly approach. Delightfully, the obtained 2D/2D heterojunctions exhibited satisfactory photocatalytic disinfection performance towards Escherichia coli K-12 (E. coli K-12) under visible light irradiation, which was credited to the Z-scheme interfacial heterojunction facilitating the migration of photogenerated carries. The photoactivity enhancement driven by NIR light illumination was ascribed to the cooperative synergy effect of photothermal effect and “hot electrons”, engineering efficient charge transfer. Intriguingly, the carboxyl groups emerged on g-C3N4 nanosheets contributed a vital role in establishing the enhanced photocatalytic reaction. Moreover, the disinfection mechanism was systematically described. The cell membrane was destroyed, evidenced by the generation of lipid peroxidation reaction and loss of energy metabolism. Subsequently, the damage of defense enzymes and release of intracellular constituents announced the irreversible death of E. coli K-12. Interestingly enough, considerable microbial community shifts of surface water were observed after visible and NIR light exposure, highlighting the critical feature of disinfection process in shaping microbial communities. The authors believe that this work gives a fresh light on the feasibility of heterostructures-enabled disinfection processes.
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•2D/2D g-C3N4/BiO2−x nanosheets heterojunction was prepared via a simple self-assembly strategy.•The Z-scheme interfacial charge-transfer path promoted visible induced-photocatalytic activity.•The photothermal effect and “hot electrons” injection enhanced near-infrared light induced-photocatalytic activity.•The carboxyl groups emerged on g-C3N4 nanosheets contributed a vital role in enhancing the photocatalytic reaction.•The visible and near-infrared light photocatalytic system shaped the microbial community structure in surface water.
Daily energy distribution trend diagram on a sunny day.
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•A coupled model is developed to simulate PV performance under actual conditions.•The electrical-thermal performance is ...validated through experiments.•Loss mechanism and energy distribution of PV module is investigated in detail.•Potential solutions are provided for better PV thermal regulation and efficiency improvement.
Performance prediction and efficiency improvement are two major focuses in the research area of solar photovoltaic (PV) applications. However, the uncertainty of environmental factors and the complexity of the photoelectric conversion mechanism pose a grand challenge to accurately predict the dynamic performance of PV modules under actual operating conditions. Besides, without a clear understanding of the relationship between energy loss processes and operation conditions, it is hard to suggest specific measures for efficiency improvement. In this paper, a coupled model, which consists of an electrical model, a thermal model and an energy loss model, is developed to predict the electrical-thermal performance and quantify the power loss of crystalline silicon PV modules under actual operating conditions. To validate the coupled model, a series of experiments were implemented, demonstrating that the calculated results agree very well with the simulated ones despite sunny or cloudy days. The study demonstrates that, on a typical sunny day, the energy loss occurring in the solar cell and from cell to module accounts for 71.1% and 14.6% respectively, and more than 60%of those losses will be dissipated as heat, which has a negative impact on solar PV performance. Finally, on account of various loss mechanisms, different mitigation measures, such as how to reduce thermalization loss, are suggested for PV temperature control and efficiency enhancement.
Piezoelectric catalysis based on the polarization of piezoelectric materials is a promising technology for environmental pollutant treatment. Developing effective piezoelectric catalysts and ...clarifying the reaction mechanism are crucial to the application of piezoelectric catalysis. Herein, a unique strategy of photochemical self-etching of Bi25FeO40 was used to prepare a piezoelectric catalyst of Bi25FeO40/Bi2O2CO3. During the photochemical process, methanol was oxidized to formaldehyde, and then Bi species on the surface of Bi25FeO40 reacted with formaldehyde to form Bi2O2CO3. As a lead-free piezoelectric catalyst, the Bi25FeO40/Bi2O2CO3 composite possessed excellent activity for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol under ultrasonic vibration, and the degradation efficiency was more than 90% within 120 min. Introducing Bi2O2CO3 onto the surface of Bi25FeO40 can significantly promote the piezoelectric catalytic activity of Bi25FeO40 via the effect of built-in electric fields. It was also found that ·OH and ·O2− are the main active species that are responsible for the degradation of 4-CP. The results that are presented here can extend the piezoelectric application of bismuth ferrate, and the strategy for building up the heterojunction is helpful for the preparation of other Bi-containing piezoelectric catalysts.
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•Photochemical self-etching strategy was used for the generation of formaldehyde to fabricate Bi25FeO40/Bi2O2CO3 heterojunctions.•Bi25FeO40/Bi2O2CO3 composite was found to be attractive as a lead-free piezo piezoelectric catalyst with high activity of 4-CP degradation.•Introduction of Bi2O2CO3 promoted the piezoelectric catalytic activity of Bi25FeO40 via the effect of built-in electric fields.
Abstract
Due to the superiority of wire rope in strength, cost, ductility and other characteristics, wire rope has become an irreplaceable material in metallurgy, mining, oil and gas drilling, ...machinery, chemical industry, aerospace and other fields. Therefore, the wire rope flaw detection is very important work, and in the wire rope detection, jitter is very serious interference. In this article, we firstly discuss the quantitative relationship between displacement and direction of shaking and leakage magnetic field, and this study can also be used as a essential basis for subsequent quantitative studies of local flaws to remove the effect of shaking on leakage magnetic signal.
The CdS-U material exhibits excellent visible light photocatalytic activity and plasticity, making it convenient to produce visible light-responsive rewritable films.
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A macroscopic ...urea-functionalized CdS (CdS-U) is synthesized for the first time. The CdS-U material is formed through the interaction between NH2/NH groups on urea and COO− groups on sodium oleate-capped CdS nanoparticles (CdS-So NPs). The CdS-U material exhibites excellent visible light photocatalytic activity and plasticity and has the potential to be produced as rewritable papers. It is convenience to produce a large-scale film by CdS-U. Letters can be written on the CdS-U film and disappear through a dissolution-irradiation process, and then the CdS-U film can be recycled by drying. This novel CdS-U material might be of interest and provide a new chance to advance the application of visible light photocatalyst on rewritable papers.
The efficient deployment of visible and near-infrared (NIR) light for photocatalytic disinfection is of great concern a matter. Herein, we report a specific bifunctional 2D/2D g-C
N
/BiO
nanosheets ...heterojunction, prepared through a self-assembly approach. Delightfully, the obtained 2D/2D heterojunctions exhibited satisfactory photocatalytic disinfection performance towards Escherichia coli K-12 (E. coli K-12) under visible light irradiation, which was credited to the Z-scheme interfacial heterojunction facilitating the migration of photogenerated carries. The photoactivity enhancement driven by NIR light illumination was ascribed to the cooperative synergy effect of photothermal effect and "hot electrons", engineering efficient charge transfer. Intriguingly, the carboxyl groups emerged on g-C
N
nanosheets contributed a vital role in establishing the enhanced photocatalytic reaction. Moreover, the disinfection mechanism was systematically described. The cell membrane was destroyed, evidenced by the generation of lipid peroxidation reaction and loss of energy metabolism. Subsequently, the damage of defense enzymes and release of intracellular constituents announced the irreversible death of E. coli K-12. Interestingly enough, considerable microbial community shifts of surface water were observed after visible and NIR light exposure, highlighting the critical feature of disinfection process in shaping microbial communities. The authors believe that this work gives a fresh light on the feasibility of heterostructures-enabled disinfection processes.
The Protocol for the Analysis of Land Surface Models (PALS) Land Surface Model Benchmarking Evaluation Project (PLUMBER) illustrated the value of prescribing a priori performance targets in model ...intercomparisons. It showed that the performance of turbulent energy flux predictions from different land surface models, at a broad range of flux tower sites using common evaluation metrics, was on average worse than relatively simple empirical models. For sensible heat fluxes, all land surface models were outperformed by a linear regression against downward shortwave radiation. For latent heat flux, all land surface models were outperformed by a regression against downward shortwave radiation, surface air temperature, and relative humidity. These results are explored here in greater detail and possible causes are investigated. It is examined whether particular metrics or sites unduly influence the collated results, whether results change according to timescale aggregation, and whether a lack of energy conservation in flux tower data gives the empirical models an unfair advantage in the intercomparison. It is demonstrated that energy conservation in the observational data is not responsible for these results. It is also shown that the partitioning between sensible and latent heat fluxes in LSMs, rather than the calculation of available energy, is the cause of the original findings. Finally, evidence is presented that suggests that the nature of this partitioning problem is likely shared among all contributing LSMs. While a single candidate explanation for why land surface models perform poorly relative to empirical benchmarks in PLUMBER could not be found, multiple possible explanations are excluded and guidance is provided on where future research should focus.
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