Early life events can lead to multiple diseases in adulthood. Previous studies suggested that polysorbate 80 (P80) as a widely used emulsifier in pharmaceutical formulations and food industries could ...impair the intestinal barrier. However, whether maternal P80 (MP80) exposure could affect the long-term health of offspring remains unknown. In this study, we found that maternal P80 intake could retard intestinal development, disrupt the intestinal barrier, and cause low-grade intestinal inflammation in 3-week-old offspring. 16S rRNA sequencing and correlation analysis revealed that
,
, and
, which positively correlated with intestinal proliferation and differentiation, were decreased in the maternal P80 group. Interestingly, the increase in some harmful bacteria, including
,
, and
, persisted from the weaning period to adulthood (3 to 8 weeks). Furthermore, a fecal microbiota transplantation assay showed that the mice gavaged with feces from 3-week-old offspring of the MP80 group presented more severe intestinal inflammation and barrier disruption than the mice that received feces from the offspring of the control group. Finally, maternal P80 intake remarkably aggravated the structural disorder of intestinal crypt, increased proinflammatory factors, and exacerbated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in adulthood. Conclusively, maternal P80 intake could induce gut dysbiosis and promote colitis susceptibility in adulthood. This study provides new insights into the prevention of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
The main findings of this research showed that maternal P80 intake could disrupt the intestinal barrier, induce gut dysbiosis, and promote colitis susceptibility in adulthood. This study will enhance understanding of the prevention of IBD.
Diaphragm pacing (DP) is a long-term and effective respiratory assist therapy for patients with central alveolar hypoventilation and high cervical spinal cord injury. The existing DP system has some ...limitations, especially high price, inconvenience preoperative evaluation methods and diaphragm fatigue easily. Our objective was to develop a DP system and evaluated reliability through hardware testing and animal experiments.
A DP system with bidirectional constant current was designed, manufactured and tested. Effects of a wide range of stimulus amplitudes (range: .5-2.5 mA) and frequencies (range: 10-250 Hz) on airflow and corresponding inspired volume were investigated during DP. Differences in airflow characteristics under various stimulation parameters were evaluated using power function. ECG interference in diaphragm electromyography (EMGdi) was filtered out using stationary wavelet transform to obtain pure EMGdi (EMGdi
). 80-min period with a tendency for diaphragm fatigue by root mean square (RMS) and centroid frequency (
) of EMGdi
was studied.
The increase of stimulus frequency and amplitude in animals resulted in different degrees of increase in envoked volume. Significant difference in Airflow Index (b) between anesthesia and DP provided a simple, non-invasive and feasible solution for phrenic nerve conduction function test. Increased stimulation duration with the developed DP system caused less diaphragm fatigue.
A modular, inexpensive and reliable DP was successfully developed. Its effectiveness was confirmed in animal experiments.
This study is useful for design of future implantable diaphragmatic pacemakers for improving diaphragm fatigue and convenient assessment of respiratory activity in experiments.
The pathological type of non-small cell lung cancer is considered to be an important factor affecting the treatment and prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of ...spectral parameters of dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography (DLCT) in determining efficacy to distinguish adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SC), and their combined diagnostic efficacy was also analyzed.
This is a single-center prospective study, and we collected 70 patients with lung SC and 127 patients with lung AC confirmed by histopathological examination. Morphological parameters, plain scan CT value, biphasic enhanced CT value, and spectral parameters were calculated. The diagnostic efficiency of morphological parameters, spectral parameters, and spectral parameters combined with morphological parameters was obtained by statistical analysis.
In univariate analysis, seven morphological CT features differed significantly between SC and AC: tumor location (distribution), lobulation, spicule, air bronchogram, vacuole sign, lung atelectasis and/or obstructive pneumonia, and vascular involvement (all
< 0.05). In the arterial phase and the venous phase, the spectral parameters of AC were higher than those of SC (AP-Zeff: 8.07 ± 0.23 vs. 7.85 ± 0.16; AP-ID: 1.41 ± 0.47 vs. 0.94 ± 0.28; AP-NID: 0.13 ± 0.04 vs. 0.09 ± 0.03; AP-λ: 3.42 ± 1.10 vs. 2.33 ± 0.96; VP-Zeff: 8.26 ± 0.23 vs. 7.96 ± 0.16; VP-ID: 1.18 ± 0.51 vs. 1.16 ± 0.30; VP-NID: 0.39 ± 0.13 vs. 0.29 ± 0.08; VP-λ: 4.42 ± 1.28 vs. 2.85 ± 0.72;
< 0.001). When conducting multivariate analysis combining CT features and DLCT parameters with the best diagnostic efficacy, the independent predictors of AC were distribution on peripheral (OR, 4.370; 95% CI, 1.485-12.859; p = 0.007), presence of air bronchogram (OR, 5.339; 95% CI, 1.729-16.484; p = 0.004), and presence of vacuole sign ( OR, 7.330; 95% CI, 1.030-52.184; p = 0.047). Receiver operating characteristic curves of the SC and AC showed that VP-λ had the best diagnostic performance, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.864 and sensitivity and specificity rates of 85.8% and 74.3%, respectively; the AUC was increased to 0.946 when morphological parameters were combined, and sensitivity and specificity rates were 89.8% and 87.1%, respectively.
The quantitative parameters of the DLCT spectrum are of great value in the diagnosis of SC and AC, and the combination of morphological parameters and spectral parameters is helpful to distinguish SC from AC.
Carbon dots (CDs), a new zero-dimensional material, have ignited a revolution in the fields of sensing, bioimaging, and biomedicine. However, the difficulty of preparing CDs with Fenton-like ...catalytic properties has seriously hindered their application in the diagnosis of oxidation/reduction biomolecules or metal ions. Here, an innovative method was successfully established to synthesize Mn
3+
/Mn
4+
ion-doped blue-green fluorescent CDs with Fenton-like catalytic properties using manganese acetate as the manganese source. Specifically, the CDs prepared here were equipped with functional groups of -COOH, NH
2
, C=O, and Mn-O, offering the possibility to function as a fluorescence sensor. More importantly, the introduction of manganese acetate resulted in the preparation of CDs with Fenton-like catalytic properties, and the dual-signal fluorescence detection of dopamine (DA) was realized with linear ranges of 100–275 nM and 325–525 nM, and the detection limits were 3 and 12 nM, respectively. In addition, due to the Fenton-like catalytic activity of Mn
3+
/Mn
4+
ion-doped CDs, the material has broad application prospects in the detection of oxidation/reduction biomolecules or metal ions related to disease diagnosis and prevention.
UMo/Zr monolithic fuel plates have a promising application prospect in high flux research reactors. To prolong the service life and achieve safety design, the in-pile macro-mesoscale ...thermal-mechanical behavior of the fuel plate needs further simulation research. In this study, for the fuel meat, the theoretical models of the equivalent fission gas bubble volume fraction, the gas-bubble inner pressure and the maximum skeleton stress are developed, with the effects of bubble distribution pattern involved. The application into the simulation of the in-pile macro-mesoscale thermal-mechanical behavior of the UMo/Zr monolithic fuel plate indicates that the maximum skeleton stress of the fuel meat basically rises with the burn-up, and may reach four times of the macroscale first principal stress of the fuel meat. The distribution patterns of the gas bubbles in the fuel meat might have a distinct influence on the maximum skeleton stress, and the most conservative results of the simple cubic arrangement can be used for the failure prediction of the fuel meat.
Due to the characteristics of intermittent photovoltaic power generation and power fluctuations in distributed photovoltaic power generation, photovoltaic grid-connected systems are usually equipped ...with energy storage units. Most of the structures combined with energy storage are used as the DC side. At the same time, virtual synchronous generators have been widely used in distributed power generation due to their inertial damping and frequency and voltage regulation. For the PV-storage grid-connected system based on virtual synchronous generators, the existing control strategy has unclear function allocation, fluctuations in photovoltaic inverter output power, and high requirements for coordinated control of PV arrays, energy storage units, and photovoltaic inverters, which make the control strategy more complicated. In order to solve the above problems, a control strategy for PV-storage grid-connected system based on a virtual synchronous generator is proposed. In this strategy, the energy storage unit implements maximum power point tracking, and the photovoltaic inverter implements a virtual synchronous generator algorithm, so that the functions implemented by each part of the system are clear, which reduces the requirements for coordinated control. At the same time, the smooth power command is used to suppress the fluctuation of the output power of the photovoltaic inverter. The simulation validates the effectiveness of the proposed method from three aspects: grid-connected operating conditions, frequency-modulated operating conditions, and illumination sudden-drop operating condition. Compared with the existing control strategies, the proposed method simplifies the control strategies and stabilizes the photovoltaic inverter fluctuation in the output power of the inverter.
Temperature serves as a critical parameter. This study introduces a z-cut lithium niobate (z-LiNbO3) optical temperature sensor, substantiated through experimental demonstrations. The static and ...dynamic performance of the z-LiNbO3 optical temperature sensor is evaluated through Goos-Hänchen (GH) and Imbert-Fedorov (IF) effects, examining reflectivity and sensitivity. The results indicate that the temperature resolutions of the z-LiNbO3 optical temperature sensor with linearly and circularly polarized laser beams based on the GH and IF effects are different. The optimal temperature resolution and the adjusted <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{R} </tex-math></inline-formula>-square of the z-LiNbO3 optical temperature sensor with the circularly polarized laser beam are 0.041 °C and 0.97428 °C, respectively. The reflectivity of the z-LiNbO3 optical temperature sensor with the linearly and circularly polarized laser beam increases from 32% to 37.2%, and from 7.79% to 8.67%, respectively. The dynamic temperature resolutions of the z-LiNbO3 optical temperature sensor with the linearly and circularly polarized laser beams are 2 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{\circ }\text{C}\,\,\times 10^{\text {-6}}\,\,^{\circ }\text{C} </tex-math></inline-formula> and 5 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">^{\circ }\text{C}\,\,\times 10^{\text {-5}}\,\,^{\circ }\text{C} </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. The static and dynamic performance of the z-LiNbO3 optical temperature sensor, utilizing the linearly and circularly polarized laser beams, suggests advancements in the design and analysis of optical temperature sensors.
In the above article <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">1 , we have found that the contents of Figs. 7 and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig9">9 were the same, while the detailed explanations for the two ...figures were correct. After carefully checking the final accepted file uploaded to the submission system and the journal publication file, the above-mentioned mix-up may be triggered by the incautious manuscript proof procedure. More specifically, the mix-up figures were only related to <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig9">Fig. 9 and did not affect other contents in the manuscript. The correct <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig9">Fig. 9 is provided as follows.
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•The CNPs from roast chicken could reduce the digestibility of soy protein isolate.•The pepsin structure was changed and its fluorescence was quenched by the CNPs.•The formation of ...protein coronas between CNPs and pepsin reduced the pepsin activity.
Food-derived nanoparticles are inevitably ingested with food matrices and may negatively affect digestion. In this study, the bio-distribution of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) extracted from roasted chicken in the gastrointestinal tract was investigated. Their biological effects on the digestion of soy protein isolate (SPI) with pepsin were explored by spectroscopic, morphological, and enzymatic methods. In vitro simulated digestion results showed that the digestibility of SPI was decreased from 93.53% to 79.56% in gastric juice with 10% CNPs. The CNPs were able to significantly reduce the activity of pepsin and disrupt its secondary structure (P < 0.05). Ultraviolet–visible spectrometry demonstrated that CNPs exhibited a physical absorption effect on pepsin and quenched its fluorescence in a static model. The results of zeta potential and atomic force microscopy proved that the CNPs formed a nanoparticle-protein corona structure with pepsin, which could affect the digestion of SPI.
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