Wireless Sensor Networks are a collection of nodes which contain tiny devices having low power and work with minimal cost. In such a network, the functioning of these nodes plays a very important ...role to sense data and also forward the sensed data to the target observer. For segregation of nodes in effective locations, there is a need to localize these nodes by combining location information with the sensed data for tracking and monitoring of malicious nodes, goods tracking etc. The various approaches towards localization may be classified as range-free or range-based, both having their own pros and cons. This paper presents a discussion on different localization approaches, followed by simulation results of localization using lognormal shadowing model for distance estimation and trilateration for location computation. The results depict the individual impacts of node density and area of sensed region on the localization error. It is observed that with a fixed node count, the errors in location estimates increase with the increase in node density. It is also depicted that the localization error increases towards the boundary of a network. Since the approach discussed in the paper uses loss in received power for distance computation, there is no cost overhead for additional hardware involved in the implementation. Thus the approach used is cost effective.
In recent years, many efforts have been made to develop advanced metal oxide semiconductor nanomaterials with exotic magnetic properties for modern applications w.r.t traditional analogues. Dilute ...magnetic semiconductor oxides (DMSOs) are promising candidates for superior control over the charge and spin degrees of freedom. DMSOs are transparent, wide band gap materials with induced ferromagnetism in doping, with a minor percentage of magnetic 3d cation to create a long-range antiferromagnetic order. Although significant efforts have been carried out to achieve DMSO with ferromagnetic properties above room temperature, it is a great challenge that still exists. However, TiO2, SnO2, ZnO and In2O3 with wide band gaps of 3.2, 3.6, 3.2 and 2.92 eV, respectively, can host a broad range of dopants to generate various compositions. Interestingly, a reduction in the size of these binary oxides can induce ferromagnetism, even at room temperature, due to the grain boundary, presence of defects and oxygen vacancies. The present review provides a panorama of the structural analysis and magnetic properties of DMSOs based on binary metal oxides nanomaterials with various ferromagnetic or paramagnetic dopants, e.g., Co, V, Fe and Ni, which exhibit enhanced ferromagnetic behaviors at room temperature.
Abstract The plastic waste crisis is a major environmental challenge facing the world today. The overuse and improper disposal of plastic materials have caused significant damage to the environment, ...affecting the health of both humans and animals. The adoption of sustainable alternatives to plastic, such as polymer‐based materials, is crucial to addressing this issue. In the Indian context, polymer‐based sustainability has created new growth potential for the packaging sector. This study has improved consumer behavior and raised income by gaining an understanding of and access to customers' digital awareness of polymer‐based sustainability. In addition to its role in communication and attracting consumer attention, packaging must align with modern environmental standards for preservation methods to meet the growing consumer demand for eco‐friendly products and environmentally conscious companies. In keeping with the objectives, this paper employs a method for analyzing current research on the influence of polymer‐based sustainability esthetics on consumer behavior. The research design is quantitative. The model of the literature review is used to develop the structured questionnaire. The results show that digital awareness significantly influences consumer perceptions of polymer‐based sustainability. The study recommends that manufacturers of polymer‐based materials invest in digital awareness campaigns to increase consumer acceptance and promote sustainability.
Ionic liquids (ILs) are known as green solvents that comprise of cations and anions in equal ratios and exist as liquid at temperature below 100 °C. They possess desirable properties such as ...biocompatibility, solubility, and inherent tunability that makes them suitable for biomedical applications. In recent years, the implementation of ILs in biomedical sciences has been increased dramatically as they have exceptional characteristics and tunability. Herein, we have highlighted the ILs and their characteristics. Further, we have briefly discussed the applications in biomedical sciences such as pharmaceutical delivery carriers, proteins or nucleic acid stabilizers, biosensors, and antimicrobial agents. Challenges and future perspectives of ILs have also been highlighted.
Present study was performed with the aim to isolate Heavy metal Tolerant- PGPB (HMT-PGPB) from metal-contaminated site and use them for Cr bioremediation. Six different bacterial strains were ...obtained from the endosphere of Solanum virginicum L. roots and cultured using nutrient agar media amended with 20 mg/L of Cr(VI). The ability of these Cr(VI) tolerant bacterial isolates were assessed for PGP traits like producing siderophores, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and phosphate solubilization. The findings indicated that all of the isolates could produce exopolymeric substances and IAA, five of them could produce siderophores, and three could solubilize phosphate. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of these strains werealso determined. These strains were identified as Bacillus licheniformis SxR1, B. tequilensis SxR2, B. subtilis SxR3, B. velezensis SxR4, B. amyloliquefaciens SxR6, and B. stercoris SxR8. To validate the findings, it is crucial to comprehend how Cr(VI) affects Bacillus sp. SxR1 cells to determine the course of uptake and bacterial cell alteration, which was assessed via Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
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•Six bacterial endophytes with Cr(VI) resistance were isolated from the roots of Solanum virginicum L.•All the isolates were screened for several plant growth-promoting traits•Strains were tested for their bioremediation potential•Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy was also done
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•The lignin capped Cu2O was prepared by a green ultra-sonochemical approach.•The lignin capped Cu2O nanocomposite material is stabilized due to the formation of strong interaction ...between the lignin chain and the Cu2O.•The lignin nanocomposite provides an efficient antibiofilm properties against the sensitive and resistant bacteria.•A postulated mechanism is provided to highlight the role of the L-Cu nanocomposite, which efficiently penetrates bacterial cells and interferes with biofilm formation.
Under ultrasonication, cuprous oxide (Cu2O) microparticles (<5 µm) were fragmented into nanoparticles (NPs, ranging from 10 to 30 nm in diameter), and interacted strongly with alkali lignin (Mw = 10 kDa) to form a nanocomposite. The ultrasonic wave generates strong binding interaction between lignin and Cu2O. The L-Cu nanocomposite exhibited synergistic effects with enhanced antibiofilm activities against E. coli, multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli, S. aureus (SA), methicillin-resistant SA, and P. aeruginosa (PA). The lignin-Cu2O (L-Cu) nanocomposite also imparted notable eradication of such bacterial biofilms. Experimental evidence unraveled the destruction of bacterial cell walls by L-Cu, which interacted strongly with the bacterial membrane. After exposure to L-Cu, the bacterial cells lost the integrated structural morphology. The estimated MIC for biofilm inhibition for the five tested pathogens was 1 mg/mL L-Cu (92 % lignin and 8 % Cu2ONPs, w/w %). The MIC for bacterial eradication was noticeably lower; 0.3 mg/mL (87 % lignin + 13 % Cu2ONPs, w/w %) for PA and SA, whereas this value was appreciably higher for MDR E. coli (0.56 mg/mL, 86 % lignin and 14 % Cu2O NPs). Such results highlighted the potential of L-Cu as an alternative to neutralize MDR pathogens.
A hybrid composite of polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) and defective nano-silica (n-SiOx) photocatalyst has been synthesized, exhibiting a high surface area, improved light response, and reduced charge ...recombination. The synergistic formation of PCN-n-SiOx interface facilitated photoinduced charge transfer from PCN to n-SiOx, resulting in suppressed carrier recombination. The resultant hybrid PCN-n-SiOx sample demonstrated a three-fold photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into methanol and formic acid. Furthermore, photoelectrocatalytic CO2 reduction selectively yielded 283.0 μmol L−1 of formic acid, a five-fold increment compared to bare PCN (57.0 μmol L−1). These findings hold promise for the development of PCN-based hybrid composites for solar-powered applications.
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•A strong interfacial contact of carbon nitride and defective nano-silica is realized by wet-chemical and thermolysis.•Formation of PCN-n-SiOx interface suppressed the charge carrier recombination of PCN.•Experimental and theoretical studies suggest built-in-electric field drive the charge migration from PCN to n-SiOx.•PCN-n-SiOx exhibited an enhanced photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CH3OH and HCOOH.•Photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction over PCN-n-SiOx shown high selectivity towards HCOOH production.
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