Aim To identify retrospectively potential associations between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and tumour grade as well as other pathological features, using ...histopathological assessment from the Whipple procedure as the reference standard. Materials and methods Thirty patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion-weighted imaging with b-values of 0 and 500 s/mm2 before the Whipple procedure. Two radiologists independently recorded the ADC values of the tumour and benign pancreas for all cases. ADC values were compared with histopathological findings following the Whipple procedure. Results The intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.689 for benign pancreas and 0.695 for tumours, indicating good inter-reader agreement for ADC values. The mean ADC value was significantly lower in tumours than in benign pancreas for both readers (reader 1: 1.74 ± 0.34 × 10−3 mm2 /s versus 2.08 ± 0.48 × 10−3 mm2 /s, respectively, p = 0.006; reader 2: 1.69 ± 0.41 × 10−3 mm2 /s versus 2.11 ± 0.54 × 10−3 mm2 /s, respectively, p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in mean ADC between poorly and well/moderately differentiated tumours for either reader (reader 1: 1.69 ± 0.36 × 10−3 mm2 /s versus 1.78 ± 0.33 × 10−3 mm2 /s, respectively, p = 0.491; reader 2: 1.62 ± 0.33 × 10−3 mm2 /s versus 1.75 ± 0.49 × 10−3 mm2 /s, respectively, p = 0.405). The area under the curve (AUC) for differentiation of poorly and well/moderately differentiated tumours was 0.611 and 0.596 for readers 1 and 2, respectively, and was not significantly better than an AUC of 0.500 for either reader ( p ≥ 0.306). In addition, ADC was not significantly different for either reader between tumours with stage T3 versus stage T1/T2, between tumours with and without metastatic peri-pancreatic lymph nodes, or between tumours located in the pancreatic head versus other pancreatic regions ( p ≥ 0.413). Conclusion No associations between ADC values of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and tumour grade or other adverse pathological features were observed.
The role of senescence as a tumor suppressor is well established; however, recent evidence has revealed novel paracrine functions for senescent cells in relation to their microenvironment, most ...notably protumorigenic roles in certain contexts. Senescent cells are capable of altering the inflammatory microenvironment through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, which could have important consequences for tumorigenesis. The role of senescent cells in a highly inflammatory cancer like pancreatic cancer is still largely undefined, apart from the fact that senescence abrogation increases tumorigenesis in vivo. This review will summarize our current knowledge of the phenomenon of cellular senescence in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, its overlapping link with inflammation, and some urgent unanswered questions in the field.
Aim To determine whether epiploic appendagitis occurs in the caecum. Methods From 2000–2006, 58 cases with classic computed tomography (CT) features of acute epiploic appendagitis (focal round or ...oval fat density immediately adjacent to the colon with surrounding oedema and stranding, with or without a central area of high attenuation) were identified from a radiology information system and available for review on the picture archiving and communication system (PACS). Cases were assigned to one of six colonic segments: rectum, sigmoid, descending colon, transverse colon, ascending colon, and caecum. The Blyth–Still–Casella procedure was used to derive an exact upper bound on the likelihood of epiploic appendagitis occurring within the caecum. Results Twenty-eight cases occurred in the sigmoid colon, 16 in the descending colon, four in the transverse colon, and 10 in the ascending colon. No cases of acute epiploic appendagitis were identified in the caecum. Four cases of prospectively dictated caecal epiploic appendagitis were identified from the database. Retrospective review of these cases showed two cases to be epiploic appendagitis of the ascending colon. The third case demonstrated peritoneal thickening without evidence of an inflamed epiploic appendage. The fourth case was caecal diverticulitis. Based on these findings there is 95% confidence that no more than 4.6% of patients with epiploic appendagitis will show this condition within the caecum. Conclusion In the authors' experience, epiploic appendagitis does not occur in the caecum. Therefore, it is an unlikely cause for an inflammatory process in this region and other conditions should be considered.
Oncocytic adrenocortical neoplasm is a rare adrenal tumour that usually follows a benign clinical course. In some cases, however, these tumours have exhibited malignant behaviour. Here, we present ...the first published case showing bulk fat within an oncocytic adrenocortical neoplasm on CT and MRI, a finding that mimics fat within an adrenal myelolipoma. The distinction between these entities is important, as the current suggested management of an oncocytic adrenocortical neoplasm is resection with subsequent imaging surveillance.
We present the results of beam tests with high-energy (8–375 GeV) electrons, pions, protons and muons of a sampling calorimeter based on the detection of Cherenkov light produced by shower particles. ...The detector, a prototype for the very forward calorimeters in the CMS experiment, consists of thin quartz fibers embedded in a copper matrix. Results are given on the light yield of this device, on its energy resolution for electron and hadron detection, and on the signal uniformity and linearity. The signal generation mechanism gives this type of detector unique properties, especially for the detection of hadron showers: narrow, shallow shower profiles and extremely fast signals. These specific properties were measured in detail. The implications for measurements in the high-rate, high-radiation Large Hadron Collider (LHC) environment are discussed.
Prochiral ketones were reduced to enantiomerically enriched secondary alcohols by Cr(II)
L-amino acid complexes in good yields and moderate enantioselectivity.
Reduction of prochiral ketones by ...Cr(II)
L-amino acid complexes in aqueous medium gives enantiomerically enriched alcohols.
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