A high quantum yield (QY) of photoluminescence (PL) in nanomaterials is necessary for a wide range of applications. Unfortunately, the weak PL and moderate stability of atomically precise silver ...nanoclusters (NCs) suppress their utility. Herein, we accomplished a ≥26‐fold PL QY enhancement of the Ag29(BDT)12(TPP)4 cluster (BDT: 1,3‐benzenedithiol; TPP: triphenylphosphine) by doping with a discrete number of Au atoms, producing Ag29−xAux(BDT)12(TPP)4, x=1–5. The Au‐doped clusters exhibit an enhanced stability and an intense red emission around 660 nm. Single‐crystal XRD, mass spectrometry, optical, and NMR spectroscopy shed light on the PL enhancement mechanism and the probable locations of the Au dopants within the cluster.
The photoluminescence quantum yield (QY) of a weakly luminescent Ag29 nanocluster was 26‐fold enhanced by doping the nanocluster with a distinct number of gold atoms, while the original Ag29 framework was kept intact. A detailed characterization showed the presence of Au heteroatoms replacing the silver atom at the center of the Ag29 nanocluster and the atoms at the four phosphine binding sites of Ag29, which play a pivotal role in the QY enhancement mechanism.
•This study is to understand the challenges to Industry 4.0 in circular economy in practices.•Fuzzy Delphi Method is to screen out the less-important attributes.•Interpretive structural modelling is ...to interpret the interrelationships among the challenges in practices.•This study contributes to unveiling what challenges Industry 4.0 in circular economy faces for operational decision-making.
This study contributes to identifying valid barriers and proposes a model to understand the challenges to Industry 4.0 in circular economy to obtain social, economic and environmental benefits in practice. Industry 4.0 and circular economy have a mutual effect in practice. Hence, this study aims to investigate how to impede the challenges of Industry 4.0 in circular economy in the context of the palm oil industry. Thirty significant challenge factors in Industry 4.0 in circular economy are collected, and the fuzzy Delphi Method is applied to address the qualitative information and translate the linguistic preferences. Interpretive structural modelling is to compose and interpretive the interrelationships in the impeding change on industry 4.0 in circular economy in practical model. The main findings are the identification of 18 essential challenges in Industry 4.0 in circular economy. The most important challenges are lack of automation system virtualization, unclear economic benefit of digital investment, lack of process design, unstable connectivity among firms and employment disruptions. This study contributes to unveiling what challenges Industry 4.0 in circular economy faces and how to address those challenges as a basis for operational decision-making. The limitations and future research directions are discussed.
Complexes made by hosts that completely surround their guests provide a means to stabilize reactive chemical intermediates, transfer biologically active cargo to a diseased cell, and construct ...molecular‐scale devices. By the virtue of inorganic host–guest self‐assembly, nucleation processes in the cavity of a {P8W48}‐archetype phosphotungstate has afforded a nanoscale 16‐AlIII‐32‐oxo cluster and its GaIII analogue that contain the largest number of AlIII/GaIII ions yet found in polyoxometalate (POM) chemistry. Interestingly, the rich Lewis acid AlIII centers within the Lewis base POM support shows an exceptional proton conductivity of 4.5×10−2 S cm−1 (85 °C, 70 % RH; RH: relative humidity), which is by far the highest conductivity reported among POM‐based single‐crystal proton conductors.
Guest house: Host–guest self‐assembly of the wheel‐shaped {P8W48} phosphotungstate with strong Lewis acid centers resulted in polyoxometalates (POMs) containing the largest AlIII‐oxo and GaIII‐oxo clusters. The enhanced proton conductivity of the AlIII derivative arises from the synergistic effect imposed by the rich Lewis acid–base pairs as well as acidic nitrate functions.
The interest in nanoscale emulsions has considerably grown in recent decades as a consequence of their specific attributes such as high stability, attractive appearance, in addition to high ...performance and sensorial advantage. In fact, it nanoemulsions are one of the major popular formulation systems in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical fields. The thermodynamic and high kinetic stability, besides the minute droplet size of nanoemulsions have spurred their rapid development as a system for delivery of bioactive substances/drugs in cosmetics and dermatological formulations. The composition and the technique of preparation very much define the quality of nanoemulsions. They are mainly targeted at high performance, product distribution to consumers, alongside the prospects of mass production. Formulators, however, do face certain limitations especially regarding the diffusion of active ingredients into the human skin. This review describes the popular techniques used by formulators in recent years to prepare nanoemulsions as final application products for cosmeceutical application. Correspondingly, an overview of characterisation technologies to differentiate between the micro and nanoemulsions - alongside their benchmarks in terms of their physical and thermodynamic stabilities, is also described in this review.
Carbonaceous materials are promising anodes for practical potassium‐ion batteries, but fail to meet the requirements for durability and high capacities at low potentials. Herein, we constructed a ...durable carbon anode for high‐energy‐density K‐ion full cells by a preferential pyrolysis strategy. Utilizing S and N volatilization from a π–π stacked supermolecule, the preferential pyrolysis process introduces low‐potential active sites of sp2 hybridized carbon and carbon vacancies, endowing a low‐potential “vacancy‐adsorption/intercalation” mechanism. The as‐prepared carbon anode exhibits a high capacity of 384.2 mAh g−1 (90 % capacity locates below 1 V vs. K/K+), which contributes to a high energy density of 163 Wh kg−1 of K‐ion full battery. Moreover, abundant vacancies of carbon alleviate volume variation, boosting the cycling stability over 14 000 cycles (8400 h). Our work provides a new synthesis approach for durable carbon anodes of K‐ion full cells with high energy densities.
A durable carbon anode has been constructed for high‐energy‐density K‐ion batteries by a preferential pyrolysis strategy, in which the low‐potential active sites of sp2 hybridized C and vacancies were generated utilizing S and N volatilization from a π–π stacked supermolecule.
Palliative care in hepatocellular carcinoma Laube, Robyn; Sabih, Abdul‐Hamid; Strasser, Simone I ...
Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology,
March 2021, 2021-Mar, 2021-03-00, 20210301, Letnik:
36, Številka:
3
Journal Article
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Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common cancer with a poor prognosis, associated with high economic costs and a significant burden of disease. While it is often asymptomatic in the early stages, ...patients may experience great discomfort from advanced disease, treatment adverse effects, or decompensation of underlying cirrhosis. Palliative care has the potential to markedly improve quality of life, physical, and psychological symptoms in patients with end‐stage liver disease, and has been shown to prolong survival in some nonhepatocellular carcinoma malignancies. However, this service is underutilized in hepatocellular carcinoma, and referrals are frequently late due to factors such as stigmatization, inadequate resources, lack of education for nonpalliative care physicians and inadequate modeling for integration of palliative and supportive care within liver disease services. In the future, education workshops, population‐based awareness campaigns, increased funding and improved models of care, may improve the uptake of palliative care and subsequently optimize patient care, particularly towards the end of life.
6‐mercaptopurine (6‐MP) is used for treating various cancers and autoimmune disorders. A few examples of transition metal complexes of 6‐MP have been shown to enhance its anticancer activity, but ...many remain untested. We isolated five highly stable and colored metal complexes of 6‐MP and confirmed their structures by elemental analysis, spectral, and thermal techniques. Infrared (IR) spectra revealed that 6‐MP is a bidentate ligand that interacts through sulfur and pyrimidine nitrogen in a 1:2 (M:L) molar ratio. The magnetic susceptibility and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra for the Cu(II) complex revealed an octahedral arrangement around the metal ion with strong covalent bonding. The fully optimized geometries of the metal structures obtained using density function theory (DFT)/B3LYP calculations were used to verify the structural and biological features. DNA titration revealed that the octahedral Cu(II) complex has a critical binding constant value of Kb = 8 × 105. Docking studies using three different cancer protein receptors were used to predict the biological applications of the synthesized drug‐metal complexes. Finally, cytotoxicity assays against a myeloma cancer cell line (MM) and a colon cancer cell line (Caco‐2) revealed favorable anticancer activity for the copper complex, exceeding that of the gold‐standard chemotherapeutic cisplatin.
The bioactivity study involved DNA‐binding, molecular docking, and cytotoxicity analyses and revealed that the copper complex of 6‐mercaptopurine has a high binding affinity for DNA and higher anticancer activity against both colon cancer and multiple myeloma cells than the standard cisplatin chemotherapy drugs.
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