Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) is increasingly used in children in a variety of anatomical and pathophysiological conditions, but published data are scarce.
To record current practice and ...results of CRT in paediatric and congenital heart disease.
Retrospective multicentre European survey.
Paediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery centres.
One hundred and nine patients aged 0.24-73.8 (median 16.9) years with structural congenital heart disease (n = 87), congenital atrioventricular block (n = 12) and dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 10) with systemic left (n = 69), right (n = 36) or single (n = 4) ventricular dysfunction and ventricular dyssynchrony during sinus rhythm (n = 25) or associated with pacing (n = 84).
CRT for a median period of 7.5 months (concurrent cardiac surgery in 16/109).
Functional improvement and echocardiographic change in systemic ventricular function.
The z score of the systemic ventricular end-diastolic dimension decreased by median 1.1 (p<0.001). Ejection fraction (EF) or fractional area of change increased by a mean (SD) of 11.5 (14.3)% (p<0.001) and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class improved by median 1.0 grade (p<0.001). Non-response to CRT (18.5%) was multivariably predicted by the presence of primary dilated cardiomyopathy (p = 0.002) and poor NYHA class (p = 0.003). Presence of a systemic left ventricle was the strongest multivariable predictor of improvement in EF/fractional area of change (p<0.001). Results were independent of the number of patients treated in each contributing centre.
Heart failure associated with ventricular pacing is the largest indication for CRT in paediatric and congenital heart disease. CRT efficacy varies widely with the underlying anatomical and pathophysiological substrate.
Host-pathogen protein-protein interactions are highly complex and dynamic and mediate key steps in pathogen adhesion to host, host invasion, and colonization as well as immune evasion. In bacteria, ...these interactions most often involve specialized virulence factors or effector proteins that specifically target central host proteins. Here, I present a mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach starting with the identification of host-pathogen interactions by affinity-purification followed by mapping the specific host-pathogen protein-protein interaction interfaces by crosslinking mass spectrometry and structural modeling of the complexes.
is a food-borne Gram-negative pathogen responsible for several gastrointestinal disorders. Host-specific lytic bacteriophages have been increasingly used recently as an alternative or complementary ...treatment to combat bacterial infections, especially when antibiotics fail. Here, we describe the proteogenomic characterization and host receptor identification of the siphovirus vB_YenS_ϕR2-01 (in short, ϕR2-01) that infects strains of several
serotypes. The ϕR2-01 genome contains 154 predicted genes, 117 of which encode products that are homologous to those of
bacteriophage T5. The ϕR2-01 and T5 genomes are largely syntenic, with the major differences residing in areas encoding hypothetical ϕR2-01 proteins. Label-free mass-spectrometry-based proteomics confirmed the expression of 90 of the ϕR2-01 genes, with 88 of these being either phage particle structural or phage-particle-associated proteins. In vitro transposon-based host mutagenesis and ϕR2-01 adsorption experiments identified the outer membrane vitamin B12 receptor BtuB as the host receptor. This study provides a proteogenomic characterization of a T5-type bacteriophage and identifies specific
strains sensitive to infection with possible future applications of ϕR2-01 as a food biocontrol or phage therapy agent.
Bacteriophages vB_YpeM_fEV-1 (fEV-1) and vB_YpeM_fD1 (fD1) were isolated from incoming sewage water samples in Turku, Finland, using
strains EV76 and KIM D27 as enrichment hosts, respectively. ...Genomic analysis and transmission electron microscopy established that fEV-1 is a novel type of dwarf myovirus, while fD1 is a T4-like myovirus. The genome sizes are 38 and 167 kb, respectively. To date, the morphology and genome sequences of some dwarf myoviruses have been described; however, a proteome characterization such as the one presented here, has currently been lacking for this group of viruses. Notably, fEV-1 is the first dwarf myovirus described for
. The host range of fEV-1 was restricted strictly to
strains, while that of fD1 also included other members of Enterobacterales such as
and
. In this study, we present the life cycles, genomes, and proteomes of two
myoviruses, fEV-1 and fD1.
We report here the complete genome sequence and characterization of
Yersinia
bacteriophage vB_YenP_ϕ80-18. ϕ80-18 was isolated in 1991 using a
Y. enterocolitica
serotype O:8 strain 8081 as a host ...from a sewage sample in Turku, Finland, and based on its morphological and genomic features is classified as a podovirus. The genome is 42 kb in size and has 325 bp direct terminal repeats characteristic for podoviruses. The genome contains 57 predicted genes, all encoded in the forward strand, of which 29 showed no similarity to any known genes. Phage particle proteome analysis identified altogether 24 phage particle-associated proteins (PPAPs) including those identified as structural proteins such as major capsid, scaffolding and tail component proteins. In addition, also the DNA helicase, DNA ligase, DNA polymerase, 5′-exonuclease, and the lytic glycosylase proteins were identified as PPAPs, suggesting that they might be injected together with the phage genome into the host cell to facilitate the take-over of the host metabolism. The phage-encoded RNA-polymerase and DNA-primase were not among the PPAPs. Promoter search predicted the presence of four phage and eleven host RNA polymerase –specific promoters in the genome, suggesting that early transcription of the phage is host RNA-polymerase dependent and that the phage RNA polymerase takes over later. The phage tolerates pH values between 2 and 12, and is stable at 50°C but is inactivated at 60°C. It grows slowly with a 50 min latent period and has apparently a low burst size. Electron microscopy revealed that the phage has a head diameter of about 60 nm, and a short tail of 20 nm. Whole-genome phylogenetic analysis confirmed that ϕ80-18 belongs to the
Autographivirinae
subfamily of the
Podoviridae
family, that it is 93.2% identical to
Yersinia
phage fHe-Yen3-01. Host range analysis showed that ϕ80-18 can infect in addition to
Y. enterocolitica
serotype O:8 strains also strains of serotypes O:4, O:4,32, O:20 and O:21, the latter ones representing similar to
Y. enterocolitica
serotype O:8, the American pathogenic biotype 1B strains. In conclusion, the phage ϕ80-18 is a promising candidate for the biocontrol of the American biotype 1B
Y. enterocolitica.
Transposon mutagenesis is a tool that is widely used for the identification of genes involved in the virulence of bacteria. Until now, transposon mutagenesis in Clostridium perfringens has been ...restricted to the use of Tn916-based methods with laboratory reference strains. This system yields primarily multiple transposon insertions in a single genome, thus compromising its use for the identification of virulence genes. The current study describes a new protocol for transposon mutagenesis in C. perfringens, which is based on the bacteriophage Mu transposition system. The protocol was successfully used to generate a single-insertion mutant library both for a laboratory strain and for a field isolate. Thus, it can be used as a tool in large-scale screening to identify virulence genes of C. perfringens.
Late results of senning operation Kirjavainen, Mikko; Happonen, Juha-Matti; Louhimo, Ilmo
The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery,
03/1999, Letnik:
117, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Objectives: Few data exist for long-term results after the Senning operation for transposition of the great arteries. Sinus node dysfunction and systemic ventricular dysfunction have been the main ...problems. We evaluated risk factors for late death and the incidence of late death, sinus node dysfunction, and right ventricular dysfunction in 100 patients.
Methods: The study was a retrospective analysis with a mean follow-up time of 12.8 ± 3.1 years. No patients were lost to follow-up. Patients were divided in 2 groups according to ventricular septal defect (73 simple, 27 complex). The electrocardiogram, ambulatory electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and chest radiograph were reviewed for each patient.
Results: The overall mortality rate was 10%. The actuarial survival was 90% (simple) and 78% (complex); the probability of staying in sinus rhythm was 34% and 7%, and the probability of normal right ventricular function was 52% and 39%, respectively, 15 years after operation. The incidence of sinus node dysfunction increased gradually over time, although the incidence of right ventricular dysfunction increased rapidly after 10 years of follow-up. Late deaths, arrhythmias, and right ventricular dysfunction were significantly more frequent in the complex group. Right ventricular dysfunction and active arrhythmias were risk factors for late death.
Conclusion: Long-term follow-up after the Senning operation shows increasing incidence of sinus node dysfunction and right ventricular dysfunction over time. Deteriorating right ventricular function is a major concern. Its early recognition and initiation of appropriate management to preserve cardiac function is an important follow-up goal. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999;117:488-95)
Abstract Icosahedral dsDNA viruses isolated from hot springs and proposed to belong to the Tectiviridae family infect the Gram-negative thermophilic Thermus thermophilus bacterium. Seven such viruses ...were obtained from the Promega Corporation collection. The structural protein patterns of three of these viruses, growing to a high titer, appeared very similar but not identical. The most stable virus, P23-77, was chosen for more detailed studies. Analysis of highly purified P23-77 by thin layer chromatography for neutral lipids showed lipid association with the virion. Cryo-EM based three-dimensional image reconstruction of P23-77 to 1.4 nm resolution revealed an icosahedrally-ordered protein coat, with spikes on the vertices, and an internal membrane. The capsid architecture of P23-77 is most similar to that of the archaeal virus SH1. These findings further complicate the grouping of icosahedrally-symmetric viruses containing an inner membrane. We propose a single superfamily or order with members in several viral families.
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