Nanofiller-modified materials have been widely explored for self-sensing in diverse venues spanning civil, aerospace, robotic, and even biomedical applications. Key to self-sensing is the fact that ...these materials are piezoresistive - their electrical conductivity is influenced by deformation and damage. Considerable research has aimed at leveraging this for intrinsic self-sensing. However, prevailing techniques provide no information about the underlying mechanical state of the material. Instead, damage and strain must be indirectly inferred from conductivity changes. The cause of this limitation is that recovering mechanics from electrical measurements is an ill-posed, under-determined, and multi-modal inverse problem. As such, global search algorithms coupled with physically motivated constraints must be used to obtain a solution. Previously, it was demonstrated that genetic algorithms (GAs) provide a suitable means of solving the displacement-from-conductivity problem. These algorithms, while undoubtedly powerful, suffer from artifacts in the strain solutions and variability in the solutions between successive searches. The goal of this work is to explore other commonly used global search algorithms which can be used to solve the displacement-from-conductivity inverse problem. In addition to GAs, we focus on two prevailing types of metaheuristic global search algorithms: simulated annealing and particle swarm optimization. Each algorithm is tested on experimental data where a self-sensing nanocomposite was deformed and electrical impedance tomography was used to image the conductivity change. The results for each algorithm are compared to standard finite element simulations and experimental observations via digital image correlation. A comparison is then drawn between the three algorithms in terms of solution quality, variability, accuracy, and computational efficiency.
The importance of image security in the field of medical imaging is challenging. Several research works have been conducted to secure medical healthcare images. Encryption, not risking loss of data, ...is the right solution for image confidentiality. Due to data size limitations, redundancy, and capacity, traditional encryption techniques cannot be applied directly to e-health data, especially when patient data are transferred over the open channels. Therefore, patients may lose the privacy of data contents since images are different from the text because of their two particular factors of loss of data and confidentiality. Researchers have identified such security threats and have proposed several image encryption techniques to mitigate the security problem. However, the study has found that the existing proposed techniques still face application-specific several security problems. Therefore, this paper presents an efficient, lightweight encryption algorithm to develop a secure image encryption technique for the healthcare industry. The proposed lightweight encryption technique employs two permutation techniques to secure medical images. The proposed technique is analyzed, evaluated, and then compared to conventionally encrypted ones in security and execution time. Numerous test images have been used to determine the performance of the proposed algorithm. Several experiments show that the proposed algorithm for image cryptosystems provides better efficiency than conventional techniques.
This Query obtains a fast response from the system which was designed to know the criminal history of people. The current problem is how to obtain the data stored in the database about criminals ...during the same time crime in Iraq capital Baghdad. which increases the speed of response to avoid possible risks and arrest criminals. The system is designed to inquire about the data stored in the database Structured Query Language My SQL to make the appropriate decision. This application contains the improved parts of the outline of 'smartphone' for the Federal Iraqi Police FIP. The principle movement engaged with configuration is how to spare the application capacity of the gadget to help capture offenders, or on the other hand, aroma who has a criminal record in the database by cops and their records in data frameworks FIP. The research adopted a Methodology database My SQL contains records of lawbreakers and Criminals wanted to eliminate. A foot watch officer can send information through this application and find the solution rapidly. That is added to the advanced messaging methods below the error rate. The MySQL database tables are planned with the Application Development Kit XD to coordinate this proposed and appropriate model through the three Stations test tables in Baghdad city that chose by Population density and danger levels. The search method was used in designing a database My SQL and application software XDK For smart devices. The results show that 75.07 % of the system's response to the data available in the database that designed and will reduce the effort and time by searching for wanting criminals, and a criminal history in the virtual stations, that used in the city Related a large population density. New data access, the management system has been developed from the master database designed for this purpose and we can retain and retrieve data as needed.
This paper addresses the protection of a high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system, utilizing the modular multilevel converter (MMC) topology in addition to incorporating a hybrid ...transmission corridor (transmission line including overhead line and cable sections). A solution is proposed for identifying the section within which a dc fault is located for the purpose of maintaining power delivery. A detailed model of the MMC-HVDC system is simulated using PSCAD and an in depth fault analysis is performed. A characteristic signal is discovered and then implemented into a novel solution. The end result is a fault section identification protection algorithm, implementing protective relay coordination to protect the system from false circuit breaker reclose as well as enabling fast system restart for nonpermanent faults. This restart protection algorithm is implemented without the use of a communications channel between converter stations, introducing novelty and quick restart response.
Handoff management is an indispensable component in supporting network mobility. The handoff situation raises while the Mobile Router (MR) or Mobile Node (MN) crosses the different wireless ...communication access technologies. At the time of inter technology handoff the multiple interface based MR can accomplish multihoming features such as enhanced availability, traffic load balancing with seamless flow distribution. These multihoming topographies greatly responsible reducing network delays during inter technology handoff. This article proposes a multihoming based Mobility management in Proxy NEMO (MM-PNEMO) scheme that considers benefits of using multiple interfaces. To support the proposed scheme design a numerical framework is developed that will be used to assess the performance of the proposed MM-PNEMO scheme. The performance is evaluated in the state-of-art numerical simulation approach focusing the key success metrics of signalling cost and packet delivery cost, that eventually scaling the total handoff cost. The numerical simulation result shows that the proposed MM-PENMO delightedly reduces the average handoff cost to 60% compared to existing NEMO Basic support protocol (NEMO-BSP) and PNEMO.
The plasma characteristics were determined using the optical emission spectroscopy (OES) technique for the zirconium (Zr), zinc oxide (ZnO), and mix between Zr and ZnO with ratios of (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, ...and 0.4), by applying Nd:YAG laser pulses on them. Pulsed lasers with energies of 200, 240, 280 and 320 mJ (corresponding to wavelengths of 1064 nm) were used to prepare the Zr and ZnO samples, while the energy of 320 mJ at the same wavelength was used to prepare the Zr:ZnO sample. The Boltzmann-Plot method is used to calculate the plasma temperature
T
e
(eV), whereas the Stark broadened method is used to get the electron density
n
e
(cm
−3
). Debye length
λ
D
(cm) and plasma frequency
ω
pe
(Hz) are also examined with respect to laser energy. With increasing energy, the electron temperature of the Zr, ZnO, and Zr:ZnO plasma grew significantly. The outcomes also showed that the optical emission peaks grow along with laser intensity. Note that the experimental steps were done at the atmospheric pressure.
Five Schiff bases derived from melamine have been used as efficient additives to reduce the process of photodegradation of poly(vinyl chloride) films. The performance of Schiff bases has been ...investigated using various techniques. Poly(vinyl chloride) films containing Schiff bases were irradiated with ultraviolet light and any changes in their infrared spectra, weight, and the viscosity of their average molecular weight were investigated. In addition, the surface morphology of the films was inspected using a light microscope, atomic force microscopy, and a scanning electron micrograph. The additives enhanced the films resistance against irradiation and the polymeric surface was much smoother in the presence of the Schiff bases compared with the blank film. Schiff bases containing an ortho-hydroxyl group on the aryl rings showed the greatest photostabilization effect, which may possibly have been due to the direct absorption of ultraviolet light. This phenomenon seems to involve the transfer of a proton as well as several intersystem crossing processes.
As poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) photodegrades with long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation, it is desirable to develop methods that enhance the photostability of PVC. In this study, new ...aromatic-rich diorganotin(IV) complexes were tested as photostabilizers in PVC films. The diorganotin(IV) complexes were synthesized in 79-86% yields by reacting excess naproxen with tin(IV) chlorides. PVC films containing 0.5 wt % diorganotin(IV) complexes were irradiated with ultraviolet light for up to 300 h, and changes within the films were monitored using the weight loss and the formation of specific functional groups (hydroxyl, carbonyl, and polyene). In addition, changes in the surface morphologies of the films were investigated. The diorganotin(IV) complexes enhanced the photostability of PVC, as the weight loss and surface roughness were much lower in the films with additives than in the blank film. Notably, the dimethyltin(IV) complex was the most efficient photostabilizer. The polymeric film containing this complex exhibited a morphology of regularly distributed hexagonal pores, with a honeycomb-like structure-possibly due to cross-linking and interactions between the additive and the polymeric chains. Various mechanisms, including direct absorption of ultraviolet irradiation, radical or hydrogen chloride scavenging, and polymer chain coordination, could explain how the diorganotin(IV) complexes stabilize PVC against photodegradation.
•This article develops a symbolic, reduced order, dq-based dynamic model of inverter based microgrids.•The model utilizes less states and accurately reflects the dynamics of a full order, detailed ...model compared to the literature.•The model developed can be used to conveniently investigate controller design and tuning, parameter variations and robust stability analysis under parametric uncertainties.•The model accounts for cable impedances between inverters.•The model can be useful in expanding secondary controller design literature and applications.
Improving the design of primary and secondary level controllers of microgrids is of critical importance to microgrid deployment. Controller design and tuning rely heavily upon adequate, dynamic models of microgrids. In modeling of microgrids, there is always a compromise between accuracy and complexity as indicated by model order. Many of the currently available models found in the literature are reflective of system behavior but with high-order or less representative of system behavior with a low-order mathematical representation. In this paper, a reduced order, linear, inverter based, microgrid model based on the dq reference frame is developed. The order of the model is 2n (for n distributed generators (DG)) lower than the least of the orders of models suited for secondary controller design currently available. The system representation includes the commonly neglected cable impedance dynamics and the interconnection coupling between DG units. Static and dynamic model equations are utilized to capture strong correlations between the linear, reduced order (6n - 1 states for n DGs) model and non-linear system model in the transient (low frequency) and steady-state regions. The model developed is validated via a time domain simulation in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The effect of the interconnection coupling between DGs on the eigenvalues is also presented.
Wearable devices such as smartwatches, wristbands, and GPS shoes are commonly employed for fitness and wellness as they enable people to observe their day-to-day health status. These gadgets ...encompass sensors to accumulate data related to user activities. Clinical act graph devices come under the class of wearables worn on the wrist to compute the sleep parameters by storing sleep movements. Sleep is very important for a healthy lifestyle. Inadequate sleep can obstruct physical, emotional, and mental health, and could result in several illnesses such as insulin resistance, high blood pressure, heart disease, stress, etc. Recently, deep learning (DL) models have been employed for predicting sleep quality depending upon the wearables data from the period of being awake. In this aspect, this study develops a new wearables-assisted smart health monitoring for sleep quality prediction using optimal deep learning (WSHMSQP-ODL) model. The presented WSHMSQP-ODL technique initially enables the wearables to gather sleep-activity-related data. Next, data pre-processing is performed to transform the data into a uniform format. For sleep quality prediction, the WSHMSQP-ODL model uses the deep belief network (DBN) model. To enhance the sleep quality prediction performance of the DBN model, the enhanced seagull optimization (ESGO) algorithm is used for hyperparameter tuning. The experimental results of the WSHMSQP-ODL method are examined under different measures. An extensive comparison study shows the significant performance of the WSHMSQP-ODL model over other models.
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