•A novel UiO-66 sensor was developed for detection and discrimination of a wide range of heavy metal ions in water.•The optical sensor demonstrates extraordinary sensitivity, selectivity, ...reusability, and fast kinetic detection and quantification of Bi(III), Pb(II), Zn(II), Hg(II) and Cd(II) ions.•The UiO-66 sensor can be also used for environmental cleanup and complete removal of heavy metals from water.
This paper reports the development of a facile and effective approach, based on the use of Zr-based metal-organic frameworks (UiO-66) sensor with micropores geometry, shape and particle morphology for the visual detection and removal of ultra-traces of some toxic metal ions such as Bi(III), Zn(II), Pb(II), Hg(II) and Cd(II). UiO-66 was used as selective carriers for accommodating hydrophobic chromophore probes such as dithizone (DZ) without coupling agent for sensitive and selective discrimination of trace level of toxic analytes. The developed UiO-66 sensor was utilized for the detection of ultra-traces of some toxic metal ions with the naked eye. The new sensor displays high sensitivity and selectivity of a wide range of detectable metals analytes up to 10−10moldm−3 in solution, in a rapid analyte uptake response (seconds). The developed sensor is stable, cost effective, easy to prepare, and would be useful for rapid detection and removal of ultra-traces of toxic metal ions in water samples.
Trustworthy clinical practice guidelines should be based on a systematic review of the literature, provide ratings of the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations, consider patient ...values, and be developed by a multidisciplinary panel of experts. The quality of evidence reflects our certainty that the evidence warrants a particular action. Transforming evidence into a decision requires consideration of the quality of evidence, balance of benefits and harms, patients' values, available resources, feasibility of the intervention, acceptability by stakeholders, and effect on health equity. Empirical evidence shows that adherence to guidelines improves patient outcomes; however, adherence to guidelines is variable. Therefore, guidelines require active dissemination and innovative implementation strategies.
Display omitted
•The Pb(II) ions capturing was improved using a hierarchical composite adsorbent.•The adsorbent did not interfere of Pb(II) capturing in the presence of several ions.•The adsorbent ...has high adsorption and able to remove Pb(II) from real wastewater.
A novel hierarchical composite adsorbent was developed for sensitive and selective lead (Pb(II)) ions detection and removal from wastewater as well as biological samples optically. In the fabrication of composite adsorbent, highly mesoporous silica with nanospheres was used as substrate and the organic ligand of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole was anchored successfully. An optimum condition was evaluated for the detection and removal of Pb(II) ions. Several experimental parameters were carried out systematically in terms of detection and removal operations. The detection and removal of Pb(II) ions were significantly affected by the solution acidity, initial Pb(II) ion concentration and contact time. Upon the addition of Pb(II) ions to the composite adsorbent at optimum conditions, the clear color was visible to the naked-eye in the detection and removal system. The composite adsorbent was exhibited high sensitivity to the Pb(II) ions as characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy with significant color formation. The lower limit of detection of Pb(II) ions was 0.48µg/L in waster solution. In the presence of competing ions, the composite adsorbent was not affected for the sensitive and selective detection adsorption of Pb(II) ions. The results demonstrated that the composite adsorbent exhibited excellent adsorption performance for Pb(II) ions and maximum adsorption capacity was 67.20mg/g. The adsorbed Pb(II) ions were eluted with suitable eluent and simultaneously regenerated into the initial form for next operation without destroying of case cavities in its nanostructure as it was clarified in the detection system. The data also confirmed that the composite adsorbent was a cost-effective and environmentally friendly procedure for Pb(II) ion treatment in wastewater and biological samples such as blood and viscera.
Display omitted
•Novel nano-conjugate material was effective for arsenic(V) and phosphate capturing.•The ammonium molybdate ligand was linked to the Uio-66 carrier to ligand.•The nano-conjugate ...material was selective over a wide range of cations and anions.•The material could capture the arsenic(V) and phosphate in industrial waters.
In this study, the ligand functionalized nano-conjugate material was developed for the sensitive and selective detection and removal of toxic arsenic(V) and phosphate ions in aqueous media. The nano-conjugate material was fabricated based on the use of metal-organic frameworks with exhibited of high surface area, pore morphology, and tuneable shape. The newly design nano-conjugate material was exhibited the naked eye monitoring of the ultra-trace arsenic(V) and phosphate in a simple, fast, cost-effective and easy-to-use approach. The data clarified that the arsenic(V) and phosphate adsorption process were found to be relatively fast. The adsorption isotherms of arsenic(V) and phosphate from aqueous solutions to the nano-conjugate material were measured, and the results showed that the Langmuir isotherm was found to be the best represent the measured adsorption data. The maximum adsorption capacity was 82.40 and 70.47mg/g for arsenic(V) and phosphate, respectively. The arsenic(V) and phosphate detection and removal were not affected in the presence of co-existing divers ions. Calibration curves were demonstrated by using UV–Vis spectrophotometric and digital image-based colorimetric analysis. The linear correlation obtained from the two methods, and the detection limit of arsenic(V) and phosphate were 0.15 and 0.13μg/L, respectively. In addition, the nano-conjugate material was regenerated by 0.20M NaOH treatment the arsenic(V) and phosphate detection or removal efficiency was retained almost as that of the original performance. In addition, the nano-conjugate material was applied to the determination and removal of arsenic(V) and phosphate in natural and industrial water samples. Therefore, the newly developed nanomaterial has potentiality for efficient detection and removal of arsenic(V) and phosphate in the real wastewater samples.
OBJECTIVE To systematically assess the evidence for an association between sexual abuse and a lifetime diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a comprehensive search ...(from January 1980-December 2008, all age groups, any language, any population) of 9 databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Current Contents, PsycINFO, ACP Journal Club, CCTR, CDSR, and DARE. Controlled vocabulary supplemented with keywords was used to define the concept areas of sexual abuse and psychiatric disorders and was limited to epidemiological studies. Six independent reviewers extracted descriptive, quality, and outcome data from eligible longitudinal studies. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled across studies by using the random-effects model. The I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. RESULTS The search yielded 37 eligible studies, 17 case-control and 20 cohort, with 3,162,318 participants. There was a statistically significant association between sexual abuse and a lifetime diagnosis of anxiety disorder (OR, 3.09; 95% CI, 2.43-3.94), depression (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 2.14-3.30), eating disorders (OR, 2.72; 95% CI, 2.04-3.63), posttraumatic stress disorder (OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.59-3.43), sleep disorders (OR, 16.17; 95% CI, 2.06-126.76), and suicide attempts (OR, 4.14; 95% CI, 2.98-5.76). Associations persisted regardless of the victim's sex or the age at which abuse occurred. There was no statistically significant association between sexual abuse and a diagnosis of schizophrenia or somatoform disorders. No longitudinal studies that assessed bipolar disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder were found. Associations between sexual abuse and depression, eating disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder were strengthened by a history of rape. CONCLUSION A history of sexual abuse is associated with an increased risk of a lifetime diagnosis of multiple psychiatric disorders.
The effluent discharged by the textile dyehouses has a seriously detrimental effect on the aquatic environment. Some dyestuffs produce toxic decomposition products and the metal complex dyes release ...toxic heavy metals to watercourses. Of the dyes used in the textile industry, effluents containing reactive dyes are the most difficult to treat because of their high water-solubility and poor absorption into the fibers. A range of treatments has been investigated for the decolorization of textile effluent and the adsorption seems to be one of the cheapest, effective and convenient treatments. In this review, the adsorbents investigated in the last decade for the treatment of textile effluent containing reactive dyes including modified clays, biomasses, chitin and its derivatives, and magnetic ion-exchanging particles have been critically reviewed and their reactive dye binding capacities have been compiled and compared. Moreover, the dye binding mechanism, dye sorption isotherm models and also the merits/demerits of various adsorbents are discussed. This review also includes the current challenges and the future directions for the development of adsorbents that meet these challenges. The adsorption capacities of adsorbents depend on various factors, such as the chemical structures of dyes, the ionic property, surface area, porosity of the adsorbents, and the operating conditions. It is evident from the literature survey that decolorization by the adsorption shows a great promise for the removal of color from dyehouse effluent. If biomasses want to compete with the established ion-exchange resins and activated carbon, their dye binding capacity will need to be substantially improved.
Display omitted
•Ion-exchange adsorbents investigated for reactive dyes removal are reviewed.•Reactive dye-binding capacities of adsorbents and operating conditions are compared.•The dye-binding mechanisms, kinetics, and merits/demerits of adsorbents discussed.•The effect of ionic and substituent groups of dyes on their adsorption discussed.•Current challenges and future prospects of dyehouse effluent treatment discussed.
Abstract
Background
Transgender individuals receive cross-sex hormonal therapy to induce desired secondary sexual characteristics despite limited data regarding its effects on cardiovascular health.
...Methods
A comprehensive search of several databases up to 7 April 2015 was conducted for studies evaluating the effect of sex steroid use on lipids, myocardial infarction, stroke, venous thromboembolism (VTE), and mortality in transgender individuals. Pairs of reviewers selected and appraised the studies. A random-effects model was used to pool weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
We found 29 eligible studies with moderate risk of bias. In female-to-male (FTM) individuals, sex steroid therapy was associated with statistically significant increases in serum triglyceride (TG) levels at 3 to 6 months and at ≥24 months (21.4 mg/dL; 95% CI: 0.14 to 42.6) and in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels at 12 months and ≥24 months (17.8 mg/dL; 95% CI: 3.5 to 32.1). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels decreased significantly across all follow-up periods (highest at ≥24 months, −8.5 mg/dL; 95% CI: −13.0 to −3.9). In male-to-female (MTF) individuals, serum TG levels were significantly higher at ≥24 months (31.9 mg/dL; 95% CI: 3.9 to 59.9) without any changes in other parameters. Few myocardial infarction, stroke, VTE, and death events were reported (more frequently in MTF individuals).
Conclusions
Low-quality evidence suggests that sex steroid therapy may increase LDL-C and TG levels and decrease HDL-C level in FTM individuals, whereas oral estrogens may increase TG levels in MTF individuals. Data about important patient outcomes remain sparse.
Sex steroid therapy may increase LDL-C and TG levels and decrease HDL-C levels in FTM, whereas oral estrogens may increase TG levels in MTF. Data about important patient outcomes remain sparse.
The objective is to formulate clinical practice guidelines for the assessment, treatment, and prevention of pediatric obesity.
Abstract
Cosponsoring Associations:
The European Society of ...Endocrinology and the Pediatric Endocrine Society. This guideline was funded by the Endocrine Society.
Objective:
To formulate clinical practice guidelines for the assessment, treatment, and prevention of pediatric obesity.
Participants:
The participants include an Endocrine Society–appointed Task Force of 6 experts, a methodologist, and a medical writer.
Evidence:
This evidence-based guideline was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach to describe the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence. The Task Force commissioned 2 systematic reviews and used the best available evidence from other published systematic reviews and individual studies.
Consensus Process:
One group meeting, several conference calls, and e-mail communications enabled consensus. Endocrine Society committees and members and co-sponsoring organizations reviewed and commented on preliminary drafts of this guideline.
Conclusion:
Pediatric obesity remains an ongoing serious international health concern affecting ∼17% of US children and adolescents, threatening their adult health and longevity. Pediatric obesity has its basis in genetic susceptibilities influenced by a permissive environment starting in utero and extending through childhood and adolescence. Endocrine etiologies for obesity are rare and usually are accompanied by attenuated growth patterns. Pediatric comorbidities are common and long-term health complications often result; screening for comorbidities of obesity should be applied in a hierarchal, logical manner for early identification before more serious complications result. Genetic screening for rare syndromes is indicated only in the presence of specific historical or physical features. The psychological toll of pediatric obesity on the individual and family necessitates screening for mental health issues and counseling as indicated. The prevention of pediatric obesity by promoting healthful diet, activity, and environment should be a primary goal, as achieving effective, long-lasting results with lifestyle modification once obesity occurs is difficult. Although some behavioral and pharmacotherapy studies report modest success, additional research into accessible and effective methods for preventing and treating pediatric obesity is needed. The use of weight loss medications during childhood and adolescence should be restricted to clinical trials. Increasing evidence demonstrates the effectiveness of bariatric surgery in the most seriously affected mature teenagers who have failed lifestyle modification, but the use of surgery requires experienced teams with resources for long-term follow-up. Adolescents undergoing lifestyle therapy, medication regimens, or bariatric surgery for obesity will need cohesive planning to help them effectively transition to adult care, with continued necessary monitoring, support, and intervention. Transition programs for obesity are an uncharted area requiring further research for efficacy. Despite a significant increase in research on pediatric obesity since the initial publication of these guidelines 8 years ago, further study is needed of the genetic and biological factors that increase the risk of weight gain and influence the response to therapeutic interventions. Also needed are more studies to better understand the genetic and biological factors that cause an obese individual to manifest one comorbidity vs another or to be free of comorbidities. Furthermore, continued investigation into the most effective methods of preventing and treating obesity and into methods for changing environmental and economic factors that will lead to worldwide cultural changes in diet and activity should be priorities. Particular attention to determining ways to effect systemic changes in food environments and total daily mobility, as well as methods for sustaining healthy body mass index changes, is of importance.
•Camel milk lactoferrin was found to inhibit DNA damage.•Camel milk lactoferrin inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells by more than 50% at 5mg/mL.•Camel milk lactoferrin exerted antioxidant ...activity as evident by the FRAP and the total antioxidant capacity assays and by scavenging the DPPH and the nitric oxide free radicals.
Lactoferrin (Lf), the main iron-binding protein of milk, has biological activities. We have evaluated the potential of camel milk lactoferrin for its ability to inhibit the proliferation of the colon cancer cell line, HCT-116, in vitro, DNA damage and its antioxidant activities for the first time. The antioxidant capacity of Lf was evaluated by different assays, including ferric-reducing/antioxidant power assay (FRAP), free radical-scavenging activity (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) radical-scavenging assay, total antioxidant activity and DNA damage, compared with vitamin C and rutin.
PDF
