This paper investigates a fundamental question related to the massive railway infrastructure development in China. What is the impact of high-speed rail (HSR) on regional economic disparity? The ...question is investigated from three perspectives. First, the influence of HSR on regional economic disparity is discussed theoretically from the perspective of New Economic Geography. Second, the variation in economic disparity at both the national and regional levels is investigated using three indexes: the weighted coefficient of variation, the Theil index and the Gini index. Third, the linkages between regional economic growth and HSR is measured empirically from a quantitative and qualitative perspective using an endogenous growth modelling framework with a panel data covering the period 2000–2014. The rail network density is adopted as a proxy to reflect the quantity change in rail investment. Three accessibility indicators (weighted average travel time, potential accessibility and daily accessibility) are introduced to capture the improvement of HSR transport quality. Our findings confirm that regional economic disparity has been decreased since the development of HSR. HSR has promoted regional economic convergence in China. Specifically, the positive effect of rail network density on regional economic growth is found to be significant in the East and North, whereas the positive effect of accessibility change is found to be more significant in the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, the Southwest and the South China.
•The spatial impact of high-speed rail on urban land use structure is evaluated using a spatial panel regression model.•A detailed data with over 1.5 million record of land transaction records for ...the period 2007 – 2015 were used.•The impacts were found to differ among various types of cities.•Important implications for land use policies were provided.
China has launched an ambitious strategy to develop a national high-speed rail (HSR) system with a total distance of 38,000 km by 2025. The massive development of HSR has not only facilitated the improvement of interregional accessibility, it also substantially stimulated urbanization and urban expansions across various cities. This paper investigates fundamental questions pertaining to change in land use related to HSR in China. First, does the development of HSR play a role in promoting change in urban land use structure? Second, does land use structure change have a spatial dimension related to HSR development? For the first time, the spatial dimension of urban land use as it is related to HSR development is evaluated empirically using a spatial panel regression analysis. The assessment is based on a micro-level land use data covering 285 cities for the period 2007−2015. The research findings reveal that HSR plays a significant role in promoting urban land use structure change in China. The influence of HSR is much larger than that from other types of transportation infrastructure. In addition, impacts were found to vary across different size scales of cities. In particular, the impact of HSR on change in urban land use structure was found significant in Tier 2–3 cities. Conversely, the financial constraint of local government was also confirmed to have a significant influence on land use structure change in medium and small cities (Tier 3–5 cities). Overall, the study provides evidence and implications for policy makers to improve decision-makings on land use policy reforms and guidance for future infrastructure development.
•A significant impact of HSR accessibility on housing value is found in the case of the Beijing–Shanghai HSR line.•Such impacts vary substantially between provincial capitals and noncapital (medium ...and small cities) cities.•The establishment of the BJHSR service has considerable regional impact (local effect plus spillover effect) on housing value in medium and small cities, whereas its impact in capital cities tends to be localized.
This study investigates the ex post impact of the Beijing–Shanghai high speed rail (BJHSR) on housing values. A dataset including 1016 housing communities from the 22 cities along the BJHSR line are analyzed in the tradition of the hedonic pricing model using three estimation procedures: a robust ordinary-least square regression, a Box-Cox transformation technique and a spatial econometric model. After controlling for physical characteristics of housing property, neighboring environment and locational accessibility, the study finds that the establishment of the BJHSR service has a considerable regional impact (including local effects and spillover effects) on housing values in medium and small cities but a negligible impact in larger capital cities. This may be the results of the competitive nature of housing market in Chinese capital cities.
•A dynamic recursive CGE framework is adopted.•The investment impact is measured through land use, output effect and demand effect.•A positive stimulus to both the economy and social welfare were ...confirmed.•The effect on generation of CO2 emissions has been large.
This study investigates the impact of high-speed rail investment on the economy and environment in China using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The analysis is implemented in a dynamic recursive framework capturing long-run capital accumulation and labor market equilibrium. A national level impact was simulated through direct impact drivers including land use conversion, output expansion, cost reduction, productivity increase, transport demand substitution and induced demand. The results suggest that rail investment in China over the past decade has been a positive stimulus to the economy, while the effect on CO2 emissions generation has been large. Overall, the economic impacts of rail investment are achieved primarily through induced demand and output expansion, whereas the contribution from a reduction of rail transportation costs and rail productivity increases were modest. In addition, negligible negative impacts were found from land use for rail development and the substitution effect among other modes. Emissions reduction from substitution of rail for other modes was small and offset by output expansion due to lowered rail transport costs and induced demand.
This study investigates the impact of the Chinese high-speed rail (HSR) systems on its international tourism demand. A panel data set of 21 countries over the period 1997 to 2012 is analysed using ...dynamic panel modeling following the classical tourism demand model. The empirical examination confirms the overall impact of HSR is positive, but the small elasticity of HSR station on international tourism demand may imply the negligible influence of the large number of small HSR stations.
Entrepreneurship or new firm formation plays an increasingly important role in knowledge-based economic development. Public policy to encourage new firm formation has not focused on high quality, ...high potential firms, and the search for entrepreneurship policy with high economic impact is still needed. This research evaluates the efficacy of the US Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program from the perspective of promoting high technology entrepreneurship. In particular, we examine whether the local presence of SBIR awards is associated with increased new firm formation rates in the high technology sector. Although the primary objective of SBIR is to facilitate technological commercialization in small businesses, our policy analysis based on spatial multivariate methods suggests that this program may also serve as an effective entrepreneurship policy.
Limits on city size and related topics Haynes, Kingsley E.; Kulkarni, Rajender; Sahay, Harshvardhan ...
Land use policy,
December 2021, 2021-12-00, 20211201, Letnik:
111
Journal Article
Recenzirano
•Case studies of Charleston, SC and Portland, OR conclude that urban sprawl land use growth as reflected in night lights is almost impossible to manage.•Agglomeration is a positively reinforcing ...process that lies at the foundation of urban growth.•It is nearly impossible to countering agglomeration, with negative spillovers and weak local governments.•Urban futures include mega urban regions which dominant as rural and smaller cities decline.•This mega-urban equilibrium is dependent on new technology and its implementation.
This paper examines several concepts and applications that influence city and urban development. The purpose is to explore the limits to city and urban growth. These urban expansions are reflected in the growth of Charleston SC and Portland OR through their changes in night light expression. These concepts include carrying capacity, growth or cordon boundaries, agglomeration, technological change and human ingenuity and innovation. A conclusion of this review is that history suggests that there is no strong evidence that urban growth can be limited either in scale or extent. Alternative urban futures are created with a no limits assumption due to the positive reinforcing effects of agglomeration as against the limiting assumption of controlled growth. However, technology and human ingenuity operate to produce a larger and more dispersed urban landscape. Discussion and conclusions follow this qualitative analysis.
Impact assessment of transportation investment policy is a challenging task as assessment outcome is sensitive to various attributes such as methodology, time period, scale and location of analysis. ...This study is conducted to evaluate regional impact of public transportation infrastructure in the USA at multilevel geographic scales. The assessment is implemented using a spatial econometric computable general equilibrium approach which integrates spatial econometric techniques with computable general equilibrium models to control for spatial spillover effects. The results found that regional economic impacts of public transportation infrastructure vary substantially by mode and geographic scale. The US highway infrastructure tends to have consistent and dominant impacts on both the US national and regional economy across different geographic scales. The impact of public airport infrastructure tends to be much larger at the national level than state and metropolitan level, whereas the economic contribution of public transit including passenger rail infrastructure tends to be much stronger at the US northeast metro level than the national level of analysis.
This paper examines the role of regional poverty on the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA. It also explores how the effects differ with the concentration of ethnic minorities. We find that poverty is a ...significant and consistent determinant of higher COVID-19 infections and fatalities. Prevalent poverty areas experienced higher infections due to economic structure that require hypermobility (high mobility and interpersonal interaction)—more physical human to human contact resulting in higher deaths from limited access to health services. These are also regions where minority groups are concentrated. Disproportionate infections and fatalities occurred within the black, Hispanic, and Asian population. Our evidence is robust to state fixed effects that capture local COVID-19 mitigation policies, multi-level hierarchical modeling, spatial autoregressive assessment, and large sets of county-level health, social, and economic factors. This paper contributes to the literature on health and economic disparities and their resulting consequences for infectious diseases.
This article presents the spatial patterns of general and high-tech start-up rates and explores regional factors associated with entrepreneurship in U.S. micropolitan areas. Regression results show ...that general entrepreneurship in these small cities is predicted by population growth, the middle-age population group, the presence of small businesses, and natural amenities. Additionally, high-tech start-up activities are positively associated with human capital, creative knowledge (instead of technological knowledge), high-tech clustering, and proximity to a large metropolitan area. These findings are compared with the patterns in larger metropolitan areas. This research sheds light on local entrepreneurship policy in the small-city context.
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