Milan Sunko (Zidani Most, 5 December 1860 – Zagreb, 9 March 1891) was a heraldic artist, numismatist, and collector, who studied and started his carrer in Vienna working with the most renowned ...heraldists of the “classical” Austrian heraldic period. He moved to Zagreb where he made number of well received paintings and graphics and was supported by the intelectual elite of the fastly developing city. His brief spectacular carrier was abruptly ended by laryngeal tuberculosis, and he died in his 31st year. His works are preserved in several museums and galleries in Zagreb, and his heraldic lithographs and ex libris bookplates are remembered in specialized bibliography. However, the Croatian heraldic historiography has forgotten all about him and this paper attempts to remedy this. After the establishment of the Brotherhood of Croatian Dragon Society – one of its founders being Emilij Laszowski, notable Croatian heraldist; it took upon a project to preserve Sunko’s grave, exhuming his remains and providing a modest but dignified grave for him at the Zagreb cemetary in 1910. To achieve that, the Draconian Society raised funds in an international action, activating his foreign friends and fans, documenting the project in respectable heraldic periodicals.
Rad prikazuje kratak povijesni pregled zastava koje su se koristile kao upozorenje,
kontroliranje, odnosno oblik borbe protiv epidemija. Prikazuje se uporaba zastava kao simbola
zdravstvene opasnosti ...i karantene, njihov razvoj te se donose primjeri zastava državnih službi
koje su nadležne provoditi zdravstveno-sanitarni nadzor i karantenu kroz povijest. Posebna
pozornost posvećena je aktualnoj pandemiji teškog akutnog respiratornog sindroma nazvanog
COVID-19 i predstavlja primjere uporabe nacionalnih zastava kao simbola solidarnosti
s pogođenim zemljama te razvoj novih zastava koje simboliziraju solidarnost sa zdravstvenim
djelatnicima i drugima koji se bore protiv korone, koja je eskalirala u 2020. godini.
Draconic heraldry is a term applied to coats of arms and other heraldic insignia of the ‘Brotherhood of the Croatian Dragon’ Society and the draconic coats of arms as personal symbols of the ...Society’s members. The Society, established in 1905, is a cultural association that strives to preserve and renew Croatian cultural heritage and promote the identity and achievements of Croatian culture.From its establishment until today, the Society has granted its members personal coats of arms in accordance with prescribed heraldic standards and under the professional supervision of the Draconic Heraldic Office, thus being one of three realms of living heraldry in Croatia (the other two being municipal and ecclesiastic heraldry). The paper positions draconic heraldry within the Croatian heraldic heritage, and presents its development and the activities of heraldists and other participants in its shaping. Prior to the ban of the Society in 1946 by the Communist regime, the heraldic office was implemented through the work of Emilij Laszowski, a co-founder of the Society and renowned heraldic expert, who hired a distinguished artist, Vjera Bojničić Zamola, to produce coats of arms under his guidance. Together they produced over 200 draconic coats of arms (and recreated some hundred historical Croatian noble coats of arms), today mostly preserved in the Native Collection in Ozalj. The ‘Genealogy’ of the Society, painted by Stjepan Kukec for its 35th anniversary, includes over a thousand of its members, among which more than 800 are presented with individual draconic coats of arms. After the renewal of the Society in 1990, the office was first led by Milovan Petković, who re-established the tradition and established cooperation with heraldic experts and artists. During his leadership and mostly with the help of Maja Bejdić as expert adviser and Mladen Stojić as graphical artist, some fifty draconic coats of arms were designed for Society members. The office has been held by Zvonimir Gerber since 2006. He continued the practice and cooperation, introducing armorial patents to go with designed coats of arms. Around 20 draconic members were granted coats of arms in this period. He photographically documented the entire heraldic collection of draconic and other coats of arms in the Ozalj Native Collection. In 2017, he was succeeded by Mislav Grgić, who introduced a ceremonial grant of armorial patents at the most solemn occasions of the Society and reorganised heraldic regulations with the help of his future successor. Blazons (formalised heraldic descriptions of coats of arms) were included in the 13 new armorial patents granted, as the essential element of an armorial grant. Finally, the office was entrusted to Željko Heimer, who started gathering materials on draconic coats of arms, collected and systematized material collected by Gerber and the material produced after 1990, and initiated the creation of Draconic Armorial Books in two volumes: Vol. I. Prior to the 1946 Ban, with currently 246 coats of arms, and Vol. II. After the 1990 Renewal, with 82; both are being actively updated as research progresses.Furthermore, the paper classifies types of draconic coats of arms according to the outer characteristics of their design, forming chronologically successive, clearly divided types: four prior to ban of the Society in 1946, and four after its renewal in 1990. As the first published research concerning this matter, it presents theses and formulates questions, which can be answered only through further research.
Rad predstavlja povijesni razvoj vizualnog identiteta grada Splita izražen kroz zastave koje su se rabile ili se rabe kao simboli Splita, koje predstavljaju grad kao samoupravnu jedinicu i tvore ...snažan element gradskog identiteta i čine značajan dio cjelokupne nacionalne nematerijalne baštine.
The marking of different military professions is an integral part of the complete set of the military uniform insignia. Two basic visual systems are used in general -- different colours, ie., colors ...of arms & figurative markings, ie., badges. This paper provides an overview of the development of the insignia system marking branches & professions in the militaries of the states of which Croatia was a part during the 19th & 20th century, as well as a choice of such systems in some current European armed forces. This type of insignia is not yet introduced in the Republic of Croatia. A system combining colors to denote regiments was used in Austria-Hungary, while the professions within were indicated only rudimentary. In Yugoslavia, a system of colors was regulated with a few distinctive badges, the number of which was gradually increased until the beginning of the World War II. In the Independent State of Croatia, colors & badges were combined, however, with frequent changes in the system. The partisan units introduced a color system as well, while after the World War II the Yugoslav People's Army introduced exclusively the badges. By increasing various professions that have to be indicated the system based on colors proves to be ineffective due to the insufficient differentiability. Adapted from the source document.
The flags are used on warships since the antiquity. Among numerous flags used in the navies on warships, there are as particular flags that are used as the identification of the ship's nationality -- ...ensigns hoisted at stern. This paper presents these flags as used by various navies that had their seat in the Eastern Adriatic. The first power that introduced naval ensigns was the Habsburg Monarchy, yellow with black imperial eagles. With the reforms of Joseph II the Austrian red-white-red triband was introduced to be used with minor alterations until the end of the Dual Monarchy. In the period after the World War I the captured naval ships used the Allied ensigns, while the majority of the Austro-Hungarian fleet that surrendered in Pula hoisted briefly the Croatian tricolours. The new South-Slavic state introduced a new tricolor. During the World War II the Independent State of Croatia used the banner of chequy arms for the ensign in its few ships. At the same time the partisans introduced the red five-pointed star in the national tricolor, sometimes used upside-down. Several designs were exchanged during the war. The Socialist Yugoslavia introduced naval flags based on the Soviet model. Even before the formal independence Croatia dropped the star from its flags & put the chequy shield in its tricolor. Until the adoption of the current design shortly the simple ad hoc versions were in use, & afterwards the ensign was of equal design to the merchant ensign. The new design adding anchors was introduced in 1999. Adapted from the source document.
Označavanje različitih vojnih struka sastavni je dio ukupne simbolike vojne odore. Dva su temeljna različita vizualna sustava takvog označavanja – korištenjem različitih boja tzv. boja oružja te ...korištenjem figurativnih oznaka – značaka. U ovom radu prikazan je razvoj sustava označavanja rodova i struka u vojskama država u kojima se Hrvatska nalazila u XIX. i XX. stoljeću, te izbor iz sustava ovakvih oznaka u nekim današnjim vojskama u Europi. U Republici Hrvatskoj nisu još uvedene ovakve oznake. U Austrougarskoj koristilo se sustav kombinacijama boja za označavanje pripadnosti pukovnijama, a označavanje specijalnosti bilo je rudimentarno. U Jugoslaviji je propisan sustav temeljen na boji oružja te nekoliko značaka, broj kojih se do 2. svjetskog rata postepeno uvećavao. U NDH koristila se kombinacija boja i značaka, no uz česte izmjene sustava. Jedinice NOV i POJ također uvode sustav označavanja bojama, da bi nakon rata JNA uvela isključivo značke na suvratcima. Naime, povećanjem broja posebnih struka koje je potrebno označiti, sustav boja pokazuje se neučinkovit zbog nedovoljne razlučivosti.
ZASTAVE U BERLINU Heimer, Željko
Polemos,
06/2007, Letnik:
X, Številka:
19
Web Resource
Odprti dostop
XXII. međunarodni veksilološki kongres „FlagBerlin 2007“ održan je od 5. do 10. kolovoza 2007. godine u samom središtu Berlina na početku Unter den Linden preko puta Opere u palači Berlinskog ...arsenala (Zeughaus) koja je dom Njemačkom povijesnom muzeju (Deutsche Historishes Museum, DHM).
Zastave se koriste na ratnim brodovima od antike. Medu nizom zastava koje se koriste na ratnim brodovima osobito se ističu zastave koje iskazuju državnu pripadnost - vojno-pomorske zastave. Ovaj rad ...prikazuje zastave koje su korištene na ratnim brodovima raznih ratnih mornarica koje su imale svoje sjedište na istočnom Jadranu. Prva sila na Jadranu koja je propisala ratne zastave je Habsburška Monarhija, žute s crnim carskim orlom. Reformama Josipa II. uvedena je austrijska crveno-bijelo-crvena zastava koja se uz manje promjene koristila do kraja Dvojne Monarhije. Na kraju Prvoga svjetskog rata Saveznici su koristili posebnu zastavu na zarobljenim brodovima, dok je glavnina austrougarske flote u Puli nakratko istaknula hrvatske trobojnice. Nova je južnoslavenska država uvela novu trobojnicu. Tijekom Drugoga svjetskog rata NDH je koristila šahiranu vojno-pomorsku zastavu na svojih nekoliko brodova. Istodobno antifašistički partizani postavili su crvene petokrake na nacionalnu trobojnicu, koja je ponekad korištena i istaknuta naglavce. Nekoliko izgleda promijenjeno je tijekom rata. Socijalistička Jugoslavija usvojila je vojno-pomorske zastave temeljene na sovjetskom modelu. Hrvatska je i prije formalnog stjecanja nezavisnosti odbacila zvijezdu sa svoje zastave i postavila na njezino mjesto povijesni hrvatski grb. Do usvajanja današnjeg izgleda kratko su korištene jednostavne privremene zastave, a zatim dizajn jednak nacionalnoj trgovačkoj pomorskoj zastavi. Novi izgled vojno-pomorske zastave konačno je propisan 1999. godine.
This paper is part of the study entitled Geographical Distribution of Cardiovascular Risks in Croatia, conducted by the Academy of Medical Sciences of Croatia in 2003. The aim of this paper is to ...identify data from the study concerning physical activity. The overall prevalence of physical inactivity and its distribution according to age, sex and region is presented.
Study sample consisted of 12450 people older than 18, representative of the Croatian population. Only free living individuals were included in the study. Data were collected by use of questionnaires. As part of the questionnaires, 3 components of physical activity were investigated: physical activity regarding getting to work, work itself, and leisure time. The level of physical activity was set at 30 minutes at least 3 times a week for each component of physical activity.
In Croatia, 35.8% of the population are physically inactive. Physical inactivity is higher in men than in women (43.7% vs 30%). Considering spatial distribution, physical inactivity is most prominent in Zagreb, where as many as 85.6% of men and 45.2% of women are inactive. On the other hand, the level of physical inactivity is lowest in south Croatia in men, and in central Croatia in women (14.8% and 20.8%). Considering leisure time physical activity, results are even more concerning. As many as 56.5% of men and 47.6% women are inadequately physically active during their leisure time. In men it ranges from 21.5% in south Croatia to 88.6% in Zagreb, and in women from 33.5% in central Croatia trough 60.8% in Zagreb. As for age distribution, physical inactivity is most prevalent (74.8%) in the youngest age group (18-34 years). Such a high level of inactivity is mostly attributable to the inactivity level in Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, where almost 95% of the young population are considered to be inactive. In the oldest age group (over 65) inactivity is distributed more evenly with levels higher than 50% in most regions (overall 56.4%). Middle-aged group is the most active one (44.1% of them are inactive), with levels lower than 50% in all regions but Zagreb.
This study showed worryingly high levels of physical inactivity. Emphasis should be put on physical inactivity during leisure time because it is the most important indicator of an unhealthy way of life. Unfortunately, we can not compare our data on this component of physical activity with other studies because our data on free time physical activity encompass household activities with sport-recreation activities, which is not always of proper intensity for health benefit. Nevertheless, it is obvious from the data on Zagreb
PDF
