N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE) is a bioactive lipid amine with a wide range of biological activities. Anti-inflammatory properties of NSE were previously confirmed on multiple animal models. However, ...the molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action of NSE remain unclear. In the current study, we examined the involvement of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in the NF-kB –dependent pathway of anti-inflammatory action of NSE using different methodological approaches.
Molecular modeling calculated the possibility of NSE binding PPAR. Ex vivo experiment, using selective agonist of PPARα/γ - LY-171883 and antagonist of PPARγ - GW9662, examined the role of PPARα/γ in the NSE’s effect on nuclear NF-kB translocation in LPS-activated rat peritoneal macrophages. Finally, the NSE’s action on mRNA level of PPARγ-dependent genes was studied in the liver of insulin-resistant rats.
The results of molecular docking showed that NSE could bind to PPARγ and compete for the binding site with antagonist GW9662 and agonist LY-171883. These data was supported by in vitro study where pre-treatment with NSE prevented further LPS-induced NF-kB translocation into the nuclei of rat peritoneal macrophages. NSE treatment before GW9662 and LPS addition normalized the level of NF-kB translocation and IL-1β content. This finding confirmed a competitive binding of NSE with GW9662 for the ligand-binding domain of PPARγ. Additional in vivo study showed that NSE administration changed the mRNA expression of several PPARγ target genes, including SLC27A1 encoding fatty acid transport protein-1 and IL1RN - interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in insulin resistant rats.
NSE suppressed nuclear translocation of NF-κB in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages via PPARγ and changed hepatic mRNA expression of PPARγ target genes (SLC27A1, IL1RN) in insulin resistant rats.
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N-stearoylethanolamine; PPAR; NF-kB; IL-1β; Inflammation; Insulin resistance.
Modern weapons cause severe damage, accompanied by high rates of complications and mortality. The investigation of such kinds of weapons is in high demand considering the ongoing active phase of ...russia's war against Ukraine since February 2022. In order to understand the pathological processes that occur in and outside the gunshot wound, we conducted an experimental study using mathematical simulation. The results presented in the article will help to choose the appropriate surgical management and improve the results of treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the damaging effect of a 5.45 mm 7N6M bullet and a 5.45 mm V-max expansive bullet using numerical modeling of wound canals in ballistic plasticine. The Ansys Explicit Dynamics engineering complex was used to simulate the dynamics of the bullet’s motion. The basic equations, solved by the explicit dynamic analysis, express the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy in Lagrange coordinates. Together with the material model and the set of initial and boundary conditions, they determine the complete solution to the problem. Taking into account that the initial velocity of the bullet is 1185 m/s at a mass of 3.9 g, we obtain energy 2740 J. All this energy acts at the area of the wound canal with a depth of 150 mm. Injury with a conventional 7N6M bullet is characterized by the fact that it passes through the block and loses only part of the kinetic energy. The simulation results showed that the velocity of the bullet at the outlet is 220 m/s. Taking into account the initial velocity of the bullet 918 m/s with a mass of 3.4 g, we obtain the kinetic energy acting on the walls of the wound canal with a depth of 200 mm of about 830 J. Mathematic analyses showed that the expansive bullet has a soft core that deforms and transfers all the kinetic energy to the tissues immediately after penetration into the tissues. The loss of kinetic energy of the bullet (ΔE, J) is defined as the difference between the kinetic energy at the time of injury (Ec, J) and the residual energy of the bullet when leaving the material (Er, J). Numerical modeling of wound ballistics in biological tissue simulators allows us to determine with high accuracy the features of wound canal formation and tissue response to damage of bullets having different kinetic energy, which contributes to the choice of adequate surgical management during surgery for gunshot wounds.
To improve the diagnosis and surgical treatment of wounded patients with combat abdominal trauma by methods of emergency ultrasound diagnostics and minimally invasive surgery under the control of ...ultrasound. The purpose of the work is to improve the results of diagnosis and surgical treatment of wounded patients with combat abdominal trauma by emergency ultrasound examination techniques and minimally invasive surgical interventions under ultrasound control. A clinical and statistical analysis of the results of the surgical treatment of 293 wounded patients with combat abdominal trauma treated at the Military Medical Clinical Centre of the Southern Region was conducted. In the main group, additional therapeutic and diagnostic measures were performed — focused assessment with sonography in trauma (FAST), puncture rehabilitation and drainage surgery under the control of ultrasound. In the main group, in contrast to the control group, FAST examination was conducted in all wounded patients. The widespread introduction of the FAST examination and diagnostic punctures under ultrasound control into diagnostics reduces the level of more traumatic diagnostic laparocentesis from 24.7 to 2.2% and unreasonable surgical interventions from 3.2 to 0.7 %. An algorithm of diagnostic and therapeutic measures for wounded patients with combat abdominal trauma based on the results of the FAST examination was developed. The data obtained indicate that the widespread implementation of FAST, percutaneous puncture and sanitation interventions under ultrasound control in the diagnosis and treatment of combat abdominal trauma and its complications helps to reduce the number of invasive and more traumatic (often useless) interventions, which leads to faster recovery and shorter treatment time.
The aim of the article is to develop a science-based practical scenario and argue the content of the main components of grading as a managerial innovation in designing basic wages in high-tech ...enterprises. The need to improve managerial approaches to forming an effective wage system as a determinant of attracting, securing and using human resources of high-tech enterprises is substantiated. The requirements to the development of remuneration systems in a competitive environment are formulated. The argument for the widespread dissemination of the traditional tariff model of remuneration, which has undergone a deep crisis in the market economy, is given. The need to modernize standard wage systems is noted. The quintessence of the article is the implementation of the theoretical and applied aspects of grading as an innovative approach to remuneration in the management practice of high-tech enterprises with consideration for peculiarities of their human resources and labor processes. It is emphasized that the competencies of the personnel of high-tech enterprises form the prerequisites for ensuring their competitive development. Attention is focused on the fact that labor remuneration, as a component of the complex motivational mechanism of high-tech enterprises, combines management tools that stimulate the manufacturing of high-tech products and high-tech services. A set of factors characterizing the significance of positions in high-tech enterprises is formed, which ensures their correlation with the size of wages. Alternative point factor matrices for assessing the significance of works / positions for high-tech enterprises with the same and different number of levels are proposed. A matrix describing the factors for assessing the significance of works / positions is developed. In the context of the effectiveness of wage systems, the feasibility of combining grading and performance management using key performance indicators is noted. The possibility for providing the differentiation and strengthening of individualization of wages is substantiated.
The aim is to study the psychosocial aspects of adjustment disorders in women.
Materials and methods: 54 women with diagnosed adjustment disorders (F43.2) who applied for advisory support were ...examined. The analysis of their anamnestic data with the help of a special questionnaire was performed, a clinical and psychopathological examination was conducted. To study various aspects of psychosocial maladjustment in this contingent of patients "The Stress Scale" by T.H. Holmes and R.H. Rahe (1967), "The Scale of Psychosocial Maladjustment" by L.O. Herasymenko, A. M. Skrypnikov and M.Rokeach methodology of studying of the value orientations (Fantalova O.B. modification, 1992) were used.
Results: In 77.8% of cases a mixed type of maladjustment with dominance in the internal structure of factors of family and industrial maladjustment and in 29.6% a family maladjustment monovariant were identified. In most cases, the family and production variants were combined and a mixed variant of maladjustment was diagnosed. At the same time the most serious forms of maladjustment related to the sexual sphere. Analysis of the structure of psychosocial maladjustment of patients with adjustment disorders showedthat the most typical manifestations of this disorder were the following: dissatisfaction with a sense of comfort (75,95 %), dissatisfaction with the psychological climate in thefamily (62,03 %) and with the period of marriage (62,03 %), dissatisfaction with psychological relationships with colleagues (60,76 %) and with the psychological relationship of the spouse (60,76 %) and a high multiplicity of irritation (54,43 %).
Conclusions: The leading factors of maladjustment among the examined women were the stress in subjectively significant areas of activity and the conflictual nature of thedesirability and accessibility of basic life values.
The article deals with the findings of experimental and theoretic research into the efficiency of applying prepared substances TM MAPEI for chemical soil stabilization for foundations of buildings in ...reconstruction. The objects of the study were soils of rapid, average and slow permeability. Determination of physical and mechanical characteristics of soils before and after stabilization was conducted in laboratory environment. The results were obtained on the basic of the project into stabilization of foundations under complex reconstruction of a four-storied building. The chemical stabilization technology for foundations purported uniform mixing of soil with a special mixing screw, supplying needed components, and further consolidation. A design diagram for the building was made in software package Lira-SAPR 2018. Calculations of carrying capacity of the foundation were made for six design patters which differed in characteristics of the stabilized soil according to the materials applied. The first design pattern considered the application of non-stabilized soil. Results of the calculations are presented as isofields, soil reaction coefficients C1 and C2, loads (pressure) on the foundation Pz, and vertical deformations. On the basis of the research the authors state that application of TM MAPEI for chemical stabilization of collapsible soils under reconstruction allows increasing the foundation rigidity by three times and more, the carrying capacity by 10 times and more, depending on the formulations accepted.
A molecular clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus, which is entrained by the dark-light cycle and controls the sleep-wake cycle, regulates circadian rhythms. The risk of ...developing mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, has long been linked to sleep abnormalities. Additionally, a common aspect of mental disorders is sleep disturbance, which has a direct impact on the intensity of the symptoms and the quality of life of the patient. This relationship can be explained by gene alterations such as CLOCK in schizophrenia which are also important components of the physiological circadian rhythm. The function of dopamine and adenosine in circadian rhythm should also be noted, as these hypotheses are considered to be the most popular theories explaining schizophrenia pathogenesis. Therefore, determining the presence of a causal link between the two can be key to identifying new potential targets in schizophrenia therapy, which can open new avenues for clinical research as well as psychiatric care. We review circadian disruption in schizophrenia at the genetic, metabolic, and clinical levels. We summarize data about clock and clock-controlled genes' alterations, neurotransmitter systems' impairments, and association with chronotype in schizophrenia patients. Our findings demonstrate that in schizophrenia either homeostatic or circadian processes of sleep regulation are disturbed. Also, we found an insufficient number of studies aimed at studying the relationship between known biological phenomena of circadian disorders and clinical signs of schizophrenia.
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