First published in 1976, this book is concerned with the nature of classification in the social sciences. Its thesis is that classifications are dependent upon and are derived from theoretical ...explanations. Classification is not a theoretically neutral typification or ordering of social forms. This is because objects classified – societies, social institutions – are not given to knowledge independently of the categories which construct them and because the categories of classification are themselves the products of theories.
1. Introduction 2. The Three Forms of Evolutionary Theory 3. Weber’s Sociological Categories 4. The Theory of Social Action 5. The Three Types of Legitimate Domination 6. The Sociological Categories of Economic Action 7. The Critique of Popular Democracy 8. Conclusion
In this reissued collection of essays, first published in 1985, Paul Q. Hirst assesses the limits of the Marxist theory of history in its various versions. It begins with an extended critical ...discussion of Perry Anderson and Edward Thompson, and includes chapters on G.A Cohen’s attempt to re-state the Marxist theory of history in terms compatible with analytic philosophy, on R.G. Collingwood’s theory of history, on Anderson’s work on Absolutism, on Thompson’s Poverty of Theory , and on the contemporary politics of democratic socialism.
1. Anderson’s Balance Sheet 2. G.A Cohen’s Theory of History 3. Collingwood, Relativism and the Purpose of History 4. The Necessity of Theory - A Critique of E.P Thompson’s The Poverty of Theory 5. The Uniqueness of the West - Perry Anderson’s Analysis of Absolutism and its Problems 6. Interview with Local Consumption 7. Labour’s Crisis - Principles and Priorities for Social Reconstruction 8. Obstacles in the Parliamentary Road
A concise, linear synthesis of the Stemona alkaloid (+/-)-neostenine is reported. Key features include an organocopper-mediated bislactone C2-desymmetrization for the stereoselective construction of ...the cyclohexane-lactone C,D-rings. The assembly of the fused pyrrolo1,2-aazepine core was achieved by application of a 5 + 2 maleimide photocycloaddition. A custom FEP flow reactor was used to successfully overcome the scale limitations imposed by a classical immersion well batch reactor. The synthesis was completed in 14 steps from furan, in 9.5% overall yield, without the use of any protecting groups.
We present direct evidence, from adaptive-optics near-infrared imaging, of the jets in the Galactic microquasar SS433 interacting with enhanced wind-outflow off the accretion disk that surrounds the ...black hole in this system. Radiant quantities of gas are transported significant distances away from the black hole approximately perpendicular to the accretion disk from which the wind emanates. We suggest that the material that comprised the resulting 'bow-tie' structure is associated with a major flare that the system exhibited 10 months prior to the observations. During this flare, excess matter was expelled by the accretion disk as an enhanced wind, which in turn is 'snow-ploughed', or propelled, out by the much faster jets that move at approximately a quarter of the speed of light. Successive instances of such bow-ties may be responsible for the large-scale X-ray cones observed within the W50 nebula by ROSAT.
Starting from the human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor brequinar, inhibitors of DHODH from
Plasmodium falciparum have been discovered.
A series of 2-phenyl quinoline-4-carboxylic acid ...derivatives related to brequinar, an inhibitor of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), has been prepared and evaluated as inhibitors of DHODH from the malaria parasite
Plasmodium falciparum. Brequinar was essentially inactive against PfDHODH (IC
50 880
μM) whereas several members of the series inhibited PfDHODH. Unexpectedly, replacement of the carboxylic acid required for brequinar to inhibit hDHODH was not essential in the diisopropylamides that inhibited PfDHODH.
This article stresses the dangers of the widespread current belief that the global economy is now ungovernable, and argues for the need for, and the feasibility of, extended public governance at both ...national and international levels. Only thus can economic growth and trade openness be combined with fairness within and between nations. The extent to which capital is footloose', embodied in homeless transnational corporations, has been exaggerated, and the potential for concerted action to control the financial markets has been underestimated. The case for regulation and stabilization of the financial mar-kets is a strong one, but it will only work if the major states impose common rules on the system. Such concerted action will strengthen rather than weaken states. The scope for national policy remains large, if electorates are willing.
The intergalactic medium was not completely reionized until approximately a billion years after the Big Bang, as revealed by observations of quasars with redshifts of less than 6.5. It has been ...difficult to probe to higher redshifts, however, because quasars have historically been identified in optical surveys, which are insensitive to sources at redshifts exceeding 6.5. Here we report observations of a quasar (ULAS J112001.48+064124.3) at a redshift of 7.085, which is 0.77 billion years after the Big Bang. ULAS J1120+0641 has a luminosity of 6.3 × 10(13)L(⊙) and hosts a black hole with a mass of 2 × 10(9)M(⊙) (where L(⊙) and M(⊙) are the luminosity and mass of the Sun). The measured radius of the ionized near zone around ULAS J1120+0641 is 1.9 megaparsecs, a factor of three smaller than is typical for quasars at redshifts between 6.0 and 6.4. The near-zone transmission profile is consistent with a Lyα damping wing, suggesting that the neutral fraction of the intergalactic medium in front of ULAS J1120+0641 exceeded 0.1.
We construct a sample of extremely red objects (EROs) within the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey by combining the Early Data Release with optical data from the Subaru/XMM–Newton Deep Field. We find a total ...of 3715 objects over 2013 arcmin2 with R−K > 5.3 and K≤ 20.3, which is a higher surface density than found by previous studies. This is partly due to our ability to use a small aperture in which to measure colours, but is also the result of a genuine overdensity of objects compared to other fields. We separate our sample into passively evolving and dusty star-forming galaxies using their RJK colours and investigate their radio properties using a deep radio map. The dusty population has a higher fraction of individually detected radio sources and a higher mean radio flux density among the undetected objects, but the passive population has a higher fraction of bright radio sources, suggesting that active galactic nuclei are more prevalent among the passive ERO population.
What is the position of the UK economy in the international system? In this article we draw attention to the peculiarities of the UK case as compared to the other G7 economies. We argue that the UK ...represents an 'over-internationalized economy in an under-globalized world'. Far from the UK lagging behind a rapidly integrating world economy, it is way ahead of the game. The historical nature of the UK's heavy engagement with the international system is highlighted and the contemporary significance of its integration is analysed. This is done in respect to both the real and the financial sides of the economy. Finally, we ask whether it is possible to re-domesticize the UK economy - to stimulate indigenous economic activity at the expense of excessive overseas production and investment. This article draws attention to the special case of the UK in a preliminary manner without pursuing all its theoretical, empirical, or policy implications. At this stage we are concerned to highlight a series of potential issues and problems rather than fully to explore their determinants and consequences.
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