A
bstract
We introduce the computer code Recola for the recursive generation of tree-level and one-loop amplitudes in the Standard Model. Tree-level amplitudes are constructed using off-shell ...currents instead of Feynman diagrams as basic building blocks. One-loop amplitudes are represented as linear combinations of tensor integrals whose coefficients are calculated similarly to the tree-level amplitudes by recursive construction of loop off-shell currents. We introduce a novel algorithm for the treatment of colour, assigning a colour structure to each off-shell current which enables us to recursively construct the colour structure of the amplitude efficiently. Recola is interfaced with a tensor-integral library and provides complete one-loop Standard Model amplitudes including rational terms and counterterms. As a first application we consider Z + 2 jets production at the LHC and calculate with Recola the next-to-leading-order electroweak corrections to the dominant partonic channels.
Endoscopy in bovine internal medicine has come a long way from the first profound research papers in the 1980s to its present-day use. This paper reviews the progress in the 2000s and identifies the ...main application fields for diagnostic and therapeutic use. Inclusion criteria for scientific papers and reports encompassed focus on endoscopic examination techniques in cattle in the field of internal medicine and publication in a peer reviewed journal (case report/review/original research paper/short communication). Only papers written in English or German language were considered. Studies on laparoscopy, theloscopy, and bronchoscopy show that endoscopic approaches often enable more rapid and accurate diagnosis and treatment options for single diseased animals as well as on a herd level. Oesophagoscopy, rumenoscopy, cystoscopy and thoracoscopy have also been increasingly studied and proven to be safe and effective tools with some limitations in diagnosing and/or treating various diseases in cattle. Scientific approaches explored the epidural space in cattle and comparison of different endoscope systems lead to recommendations for sinuscopy. Yet, this narrative literature review clearly shows that unlike in human medicine, where endoscopy as a minimally invasive technique is used for countless routine procedures every day, there is still some catching up to do in bovine medicine even though the potential of endoscopy in this field has been documented.
•Endoscopic procedures (EP) enabled more rapid and accurate diagnosis and prognosis.•EP have been proven to be safe and effective approaches for treatment in cattle.•Benefits of endoscopic approaches (EA) included shorter recovery time and less pain.•EA lowered risk of infection with implications for antimicrobial use and resistance.•The potential of EA in the field have been documented but need to be expanded.
A
bstract
We compute the next-to-leading order corrections of
O
α
s
2
α
3
to the hadronic production of two oppositely charged leptons and two hard jets, pp → jj
ℓ
−
ℓ
+
, using R
ecola
and C
ollier
.... We include electroweak and QCD corrections at the given order and all off-shell effects. We provide detailed predictions for the LHC operating at 13 TeV and obtain per-cent-level corrections for the total cross section. For differential distributions we find significant non-uniform distortions in high-energy tails at the level of several ten per cent due to electroweak Sudakov logarithms and deformations at the level of a few per cent for angular variables.
In preparation for the Russian Luna-Resurs mission we combined our compact time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS) with a chemical pre-separation of the species by gas chromatography (GC). Coupled ...measurements with both instruments were successfully performed with the prototype of the mass spectrometer and a flight-like gas chromatograph. The system was tested with two test gas mixtures, a mixture of hydrocarbons and a mixture of noble gases. Due to its capability to record mass spectra over the full mass range at once with high sensitivity and a dynamic range of up to 106 within 1s, the TOF-MS system is a valuable extension of the GC analytical system. Based on the measurements with calibration gases performed with the combined GC–MS prototype and under assumption of mean characteristics for the Moon's regolith, the detection limit for volatile species in a soil sample is estimated to 2·10−10 by mass for hydrocarbons and 2·10−9 by mass for noble gases.
•Development of a sensitive GC-MS instrument for in situ measurements on the Moon.•GC-MS coupling with a time-of-flight type mass spectrometer.•Prototype measurements with noble gases and hydrocarbons.
Precision measurements of flavour observables can provide powerful tests of many extensions of the Standard Model. This contribution covers a range of flavour measurements of b → sl+l− transitions, ...several of which are in tension with the Standard Model of particle physics, as well as their theoretical interpretation. The basics of the theoretical background are discussed before turning to the main question of the field: whether the anomalies can be explained by QCD effects or whether they may be indicators of effects beyond the Standard Model.
To better define the pathogenesis of catheter-related bloodstream infection (BSI) in neonates with peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) to guide the development of more effective ...strategies for prevention.
Prospective nested cohort study.
Level III neonatal intensive care unit in a community hospital.
During a randomized trial to assess the safety and efficacy of a prophylactic vancomycin-heparin catheter-lock solution for the prevention of catheter-related BSI in neonates with PICCs, we performed cultures of peripheral and catheter-drawn blood samples, and quantitative cultures of catheter hub samples if BSI was suspected clinically. We performed semiquantitative cultures of the catheter tip and the catheter hub and the skin at the insertion site when the catheter was removed. Molecular subtyping by pulsed-field electrophoresis was used to determine the probable pathogenesis of all BSIs due to coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS); for BSIs caused by other microorganisms, epidemiologic concordance was based on speciation and antibiograms. Catheter-related BSI was considered extraluminally acquired if concordance was demonstrable solely between isolates recovered from the catheter tip and the blood, independent of concordance with isolates recovered from the insertion site. Catheter-related BSI was considered intraluminally acquired if concordance was demonstrated only between isolates recovered from the catheter hub and the blood. The source of the infection was considered indeterminate if both concordance patterns were present.
Nosocomial BSI was identified in 23 of the 82 neonates in the cohort. Fifteen of these infections, 14 of which were caused by CoNS, were considered definite or probable catheter-related BSIs. Catheter-related BSI was intraluminally acquired in 10 (67%) of 15 patients, extraluminally acquired in 3 (20%), and indeterminate in 2 (13%).
Most catheter-related BSIs in neonates with PICCs are caused by CoNS and derive from intraluminal contamination. Strategies for prevention of catheter-related BSI directed at this predominant mechanism of infection are most likely to be effective.
The purpose of this study was to assess patient outcomes using Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurements Information System (PROMIS) scores after closed reduction and percutaneous fixation (CRPF) of the ...posterior pelvic ring and determine whether quality of reduction affects the outcomes.
This is a retrospective cohort study.
The study involved a Level I trauma center.
The study included 46 adult patients with operatively treated pelvic ring injuries (63% OTA/AO 61-B) who underwent CRPF between 2014 and 2018 at a single institution.
The intervention involved closed reduction and percutaneous posterior pelvic ring fixation.
The main outcome measurements were postoperative patient PROMIS scores, including physical function, pain interference, anxiety, and depression, and radiographic measurements of postoperative displacement and pelvic deformity.
After CRPF, PROMIS scores of physical function, pain interference, and anxiety were significantly improved at the time of final follow-up when compared with the first postoperative visit. The amount of malreduction or pelvic deformity did not significantly affect outcome scores; however, results were limited by small sample size.
CRPF of posterior pelvic ring injuries results in good functional and radiographic outcomes. Degree of malreduction may not affect outcomes as much as previously believed.
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) with regenerative potential have been identified in heart. Whether these cells become new cardiac lineage cells by phenomena of transdifferentiation or ...fusion is also being investigated. Although, these mechanisms give cardiomyocytes, it has to be considered that MSCs transplantation could carry out ossification and calcification processes. An alternative might be the use of myocytes; however, the problem is the arrythmia. For those reasons, is that we investigated how to obtain cardiomyocyte-like cells from human MSCs (hMSCs). The aim of the present work was to evaluate a nuclear reprogramming of the hMSCs by a neonatal rat cardiomyocytes extract (EX) using Streptolysin O (SLO) treatment. hMSCs treated with 57.5
ng/ml SLO presented ball-like, stick-like and myotube-like morphology. In the absence of cardiomyogenic stimuli, hMSCs expressed markers of cardiac phenotype-like sarcomeric α-actinin, connexin-43 and GATA-4. However, when hMSCs were treated with SLO+EX or 10
μM of 5-azacytidine (5-AZA), the expression of these markers were significantly increased and furthermore, expressed SERCA-2, cardiac Troponin I, β-MyHC, desmin, MLC-2a and MLC-2v thus showing the phenotype of mature cardiomyocytes. PCR analysis showed that cardiomyocyte-related genes, such as β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR), MLC-2a and cardiac Troponin T, were expressed after SLO+EX treatment like with 5-AZA. We concluded that the extract of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes could promote a nuclear modification of hMSCs to cardiomyogenic-like cells differentiation. Since the 5-AZA treatment appears to be genotoxic and taking into account the obtained results, the nuclear reprogramming by cell extract may be an approach leading to the identification of soluble factors that drives the reprogramming.
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