The present study utilized metaphor analysis to explore the core values of Colombian college students in a leadership program. The entire class of 60 students was invited to respond to a structured ...questionnaire. It asked participants to state their preferred life-metaphor, whether
they had always preferred this metaphor since childhood or adolescence, and if not, what had caused it to change; and how it guides their actions. Participants were also asked to indicate which 2 of 17 different life-metaphors they most and least preferred. The questionnaire was completed
by 51 students (age range: 17-30 years old). The most preferred metaphor was overwhelmingly "Life is like a journey or voyage" and least preferred was overwhelmingly: "Life is like a war." Qualitatively, students' life-metaphors were mainly active, individualistic,
and affectively positive. Students predominantly reported that their life-metaphor strongly impacted their motivation and decision-making.
Although emotion regulation has gained attention in positive psychology, research among Indians has been scant. In this study, 150 women at a university in Delhi responded to a survey. It asked their ...frequency of deliberately recalling a happy memory as a strategy to influence mood, when they were most likely to initiate this strategy, their extent of social engagement while doing so, and the particular type of memory they recalled. Participants were also asked how much this strategy improved their mood and reduced stress. Finally, they were asked to rate themselves on overall health, amount of recent stress, coping ability with stress, and life satisfaction. Frequency of accessing a happy memory related significantly to both mood uplift and stress reduction after recall, and life satisfaction. Intriguingly, the tendency to engage in this strategy while socializing was negatively correlated with life satisfaction and self-reported health. Future avenues of research were suggested.
A novel Si-PIN imaging array is under investigation for a charged particle (beta, positron, or alpha) sensitive intraoperative camera to be used for (residual) tumor identification during surgery. ...This class of collimator-less nuclear imaging device has a higher signal response for direct interactions than its scintillator-optical detector-based counterparts. Monte Carlo simulations with 635 keV betas were performed, yielding maximum and projected ranges of 1.64 and 0.55 mm in Si. Up to 90% of these betas were completely absorbed in the first 0.30 mm. Based on these results, 300 μm thick prototype Si detector arrays were designed in a 16×16 crossed-grid arrangement with 0.8 mm wide orthogonal strips on 1.0 mm pitch. A NIM- and CAMAC-based high-density data acquisition and processing system was used to collect the list mode data. The system was calibrated by comparisons of measured spectra to energy deposition simulations or by direct measurement of various >100 keV conversion electron or beta emitters. Mean electronic noise per strip was <3.6 keV FWHM at room temperature. When detecting positrons, which have an accompanying 511 keV annihilation background, the flood irradiated beta/gamma ratio was ∼40, indicating that beta images could be made without the use of background rejection techniques. The intrinsic spatial resolution corresponds to the 1×1
mm
2
pixel size, and measurements of beta emitting point and line sources yielded FWHM resolutions of 1.5 (lateral) and 2.5 mm (diagonal), respectively, with the larger widths due to particle range blurring effects. Deconvolution of the finite source size yielded intrinsic resolutions that corresponded to the image pixel size. Transmission images of circle and line phantoms with various hole sizes and pitch were resolved with either pure beta or positron irradiation without a background correction. This novel semiconductor imaging device facilitates high charged particle and low gamma sensitivity, high signal/noise ratio, and allows for compact design to potentially aid surgical guidance by providing in situ images of clinical relevance.
This article focuses on William James’s influence on Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), which arose 25 years after his death to dominate alcoholism treatment ever since as a lay organization. With its early ...leaders admiringly referring to James as AA’s “cofounder,” AA and the numerous 12-step programs it has spawned have generally enjoyed a favorable reputation among humanistic psychologists. However, the authors regard this reputation as reflexive and largely undeserved, rather than critically generated. For essentially AA’s originators selected and promulgated one particular paradigm in James’s multiarrayed approach to alcoholism—the “self-surrender of the sick-minded soul”—to the exclusion of all others. In this paradigm, the addicted individual descends into a state of utter despair and then experiences an epiphany leading to self-transformation. However, James never regarded this state—which Maslow later called the “nadir-experience”—as the only means to addiction recovery, but rather advocated a diversity of paths, reflecting the variability of human personality. In celebrating this centennial year James’s enduring legacy, it is time for humanistic clinicians to take the lead in moving beyond AA’s outmoded, “one-size-fits-all” approach to addiction recovery.
Mortality and neurodevelopmental morbidity were compared in two cohorts of neonates with birth weights of less than 800 g. The neonates, born in the years 1977 through 1980 (original cohort) and 1983 ...through 1985 (current cohort), were patients in the same university intensive care nursery. Mortality was 80% in the original cohort and 64% in the current cohort (P = .01). In the current cohort, survival was significantly better for neonates with birth weights of more than 749 g (58% vs 27%; P = .001). Survival was also significantly associated with gender and with gestation number (female survival was 48% and male survival was 23%, P = .003; singleton survival was 41% and twin survival was 21%, P = .03). Prevalence of major central nervous system handicaps did not significantly differ between the two study groups, but severity of handicap was worse for the current study group. Morbidity in the current cohort was most severe for twins (67% with a major central nervous system handicap) and was least severe for singleton girls (4% with a major central nervous system handicap, P = .002). Delivery mode appeared to affect outcome. Although there were more nursery admissions and more survivors among neonates with birth weights of less than 800 g during the period 1983 through 1985 compared with the period 1977 through 1980, overall neurodevelopmental morbidity worsened.
A new method to measure regional CBF (rCBF) and volume of distribution of water is presented. It centres on recording the tissue build-up and retention of
15
O-labelled water during the continuous ...inhalation of
15
O-labelled carbon dioxide. Simultaneously, the arterial concentration is continuously monitored, and corrections for delay and dispersion in the recorded response are made by curve fitting. The values for the volume of distribution of water obtained in four normal subjects were close to reported in vitro values. Using the same fixed distribution volumes for both build-up and steady-state studies resulted in comparable rCBF values for both techniques.
The aim of the International Myeloma Working Group was to develop practical recommendations for the diagnosis and management of multiple myeloma-related renal impairment (RI).
Recommendations were ...based on published data through December 2015, and were developed using the system developed by the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group.
All patients with myeloma at diagnosis and at disease assessment should have serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and electrolytes measurements as well as free light chain, if available, and urine electrophoresis of a sample from a 24-hour urine collection (grade A). The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration, preferably, or the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula should be used for the evaluation of estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with stabilized serum creatinine (grade A). International Myeloma Working Group criteria for renal reversibility should be used (grade B). For the management of RI in patients with multiple myeloma, high fluid intake is indicated along with antimyeloma therapy (grade B). The use of high-cutoff hemodialysis membranes in combination with antimyeloma therapy can be considered (grade B). Bortezomib-based regimens remain the cornerstone of the management of myeloma-related RI (grade A). High-dose dexamethasone should be administered at least for the first month of therapy (grade B). Thalidomide is effective in patients with myeloma with RI, and no dose modifications are needed (grade B). Lenalidomide is effective and safe, mainly in patients with mild to moderate RI (grade B); for patients with severe RI or on dialysis, lenalidomide should be given with close monitoring for hematologic toxicity (grade B) with dose reduction as needed. High-dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (with melphalan 100 mg/m(2) to 140 mg/m(2)) is feasible in patients with RI (grade C). Carfilzomib can be safely administered to patients with creatinine clearance > 15 mL/min, whereas ixazomib in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone can be safely administered to patients with creatinine clearance > 30 mL/min (grade A).
Peak-Experiences Among Japanese Youth Hoffman, Edward; Muramoto, Shoji
The Journal of humanistic psychology,
10/2007, Letnik:
47, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In the 35 years since Abraham Maslow's death in 1970, his concept of the peak-experience has remained a lynchpin of humanistic personality theory and has exerted a significant influence on applied ...fields. In late career, Maslow became interested in the topic of childhood peak-experiences but never explored it empirically. Although it is important for sharpening our understanding of healthy personality development, research on childhood peak-experience has remained dormant. In this study, the authors analyzed 56 retrospective peak-experiences reported by a sample comprising mainly master's-level Japanese students at Ritsumeikan University in Kyoto. The results affirmed previous findings: (a) Childhood peak-experiences exist among both Westerners and Easterners, and (b) these can be meaningfully categorized into specific types. Also consistent with previous research, Japanese adults retrospectively described three types of childhood peak-experiences unreported by their Western counterparts. The cross-cultural implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.
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