Postpartum depression is a psychiatric disorder that starts from the second to the sixth week after birth. Breastfeeding is considered a protective factor for postpartum mood swings. This paper aims ...to examine the effect of breastfeeding on postpartum depression and anxiety, and how it affects child development.
The study included 209 pregnant women, 197 puerperea, and 160 women at the end of the third month after delivery, followed through three time-points. The instruments used in the study were the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI).
Postpartum mothers with low risk of PPD breastfed their children more often than mothers with a mild or severe risk of perinatal depression. Mean values on the BDI scale three months after giving birth were higher in mothers who did not breastfeed their child (M = 3.53) than those who did breastfeed their child (M = 2.28). Postpartum anxiety measured by BAI was statistically negatively correlated (rs-, 430) with the duration of breastfeeding.
Nonbreastfeeding mothers are more depressed and anxious compared to breastfeeding mothers.
Advanced periorbital basal cell carcinomas may necessitate orbital exenteration and consequent vision loss, which significantly reduces patients’ life quality. Orbital reconstruction is a demanding ...surgical procedure due to the complex orbital anatomy and vital structures located in the orbit. In this report, we presented an 83-year-old patient with advanced basal cell carcinoma that had expanded into the orbit. An orbitotomy was performed to remove the tumor completely while preserving the eye function. Orbital reconstruction was performed by a standard surgical method using a titanium mesh modeled according to a natural phantom skull. This maintained the eye function and achieved satisfactory facial esthetics.
Blepharospasm is an idiopathic condition characterized by involuntary eyelid closure mainly caused by bilateral tonic-clonic contractions of the orbicularis oculi muscle. It results in patient ...inability to open their eyes, thus significantly impairing their ability to perform activities of daily living. First-line treatment for blepharospasm are primarily botulinum toxin type A injections. However, surgical procedure as a treatment option can also be taken in consideration. In this overview, we present a case of a 75-year-old female patient who received surgical treatment as
Anderson's method after being treated with botulinum toxin type A for 3 years. This form of therapy proved to be an extremely successful permanent solution in the treatment of severe cases of refractory blepharospasm, without any long-term complications, especially ectropion and lagophthalmos.
The prevalence and importance of male infertility make it a serious worldwide medical and social problem. The aim of this study was to determine if there were any significant differences in zinc ...concentrations in seminal fuid in men diagnosed with infertility compared to control group, and if there were, to determine how it affected the number and percentage of sperm cells with normal motility and morphology. A case-control study was conducted in the Osijek-Bara nja County from January 2014 to June of 2015. The study included 276 subjects referred to biochemistry laboratory of the Osijek University Hospital Centre, 100 (36.2%) of them with low sperm count confrmed by spermiogram after 3 months. Semen samples were processed according to the World Health Organization criteria, and zinc concentrations were determined using spectrophotometry and direct colorimetry without deproteinization on a chemistry analyzer (Olympus AU 680, Beckman Coulter, Tokyo, Japan). Study results showed the men with low sperm count to be significantly older (Mann Whitney U test: p=0.013) and to have lower zinc levels (chi square-test: p<0.001). Further analysis included 100 (36.2%) patients with low sperm count. In the group of infertile men, those with low sperm count had higher zinc levels compared to men with azoospermia (Mann Whitney U test: p=0.036), suggesting a connection between lower zinc level in seminal fuid and male fertility. Zinc as a biological marker and an antioxidant affects sperm count, motility and morphology. Zinc supplemental therapy could improve seminal parameters in patients diagnosed with low sperm count. Dietary habits of the subjects difer regionally, and future research could make a solid foundation for complementary approach to treatment of male infertility. Key words: Croatia; Infertility, male; Zinc; Case-control studies; Oligospermia; Semen
The goal of this research is to establish a connection and a mutual influence between the expenditure of funds of the Croatian Health Insurance Fund in Croatia from 2000 to 2014, expenditure per ...levels of healthcare, and the trend of services provided. This method uses the determination coefficient. Despite the increased spending of the CHIF in Croatia by as much as 80.6% (from 13.4 billion in 2001 to 24.2 billion in 2014), the primary healthcare shares, as well as hospital and polyclinic healthcare shares, have been reduced in the same time period. Contrary to that, expenses for medicaments are rising, as well as the expenses for the ‘other expenses’ group. Primary healthcare (PH, Croatian: Primarna zdravstvena zaštita) has significantly reduced price per service. Hospital healthcare (HH, Croatian: Bolnička zdravstvena zaštita) has the same number of hospitalizations, but their length has been significantly reduced. In processing the public publication data of the CHIF, the structure of data portrayed has been changing every few years so some data is impossible to track continuously. It is also impossible to understand the reason for such an attitude. PH, HH, and polyclinic advisory healthcare (PAH, Croatian: Poliklinička konzilijarna zdravstvena zaštita) are levels with the strongest and most decisive influence on the quality of the healthcare system on the one hand, and they are showing a strong negative trend in expenses with regard to medicaments and other expenses on the other hand.
U radu se prikazuju pravni akti Ugarskog namjesničkog vijeća dok je ono djelovalo u svojstvu Zemaljske vlade te gradskih vlasti kojima se uređivalo ljekarništvo tijekom prve polovine 19. stoljeća na ...području slavonskog Provincijala. U tom dijelu Carevine, jedan od važnijih gradova bio je Slobodni i kraljevski grad Osijek, koji je to područje regulirao kroz svoja samoupravna tijela, Gradsko poglavarstvo (magistrat) i gradski fizikat. Slijedom navedenoga, u radu se prvotno navode propisi kojima je centralna državna vlast zajedno s gradskom upravom pravno regulirala osnivanje i način rada ljekarni. Opisuje se proces imenovanja i opoziva ljekarnika, a poseban je naglasak stavljen na središnji dio rada u kojem se prikazuju odluke kojima se suzbijala nezakonita prodaja lijekova, otrova i drugih medicinskih pripravaka. Naposljetku, objašnjava se regulacija cijene lijekova i ljekarničkih pristojbi.
This article presents the legal acts of the Hungarian Council, which regulated pharmacies in the territory of Slavonian County in the first half of the 19th century, when it acted as a governmental and municipal authority. One of the most important cities in this part of the empire was the Free and Royal City of Osijek, which regulated the area through its self-government bodies, the City Magistrate and the City Physician. For this reason, the paper first outlines the regulations by which the central government, together with the city administration, legally regulated the establishment and operation of pharmacies. The paper describes the procedure for appointing and dismissing pharmacists. The special focus in the central part of the paper is on the decisions to suppress the illegal sale of drugs, poisons, and other medicinal preparations. Finally, the regulation of drug prices and pharmacy fees is explained.
Introduction: Mental disorders begin at an early age. Screening is the first step in early intervention for the mental health problems of children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to ...analyse the prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents from Osijek, to early detect the risks of possible mental disorders, and to analyse gender differences. Materials and methods: The main screening instrument was The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which assesses the emotional and behavioural difficulties of children and adolescents, as well as the prosocial skills. Over 5 school years (2012/13-2016/17), a total of 5787 students were examined. 5514 (95.3%) first-year students from 16 high schools and 273 (4.7%) seventh-grade students from 10 elementary schools were examined in the City of Osijek. Results: 10.4% of students had the borderline or abnormal score on the Total difficulties score. Girls had higher scores on the Total difficulties score (p<0.01), Emotional symptoms subscale (p<0.01), Prosocial behaviour subscale (p<0.01), and on the Hyperactivity/inattention subscale (p<0.01). On the Conduct problems subscale and the Peer relationships problem subscale, boys scored significantly higher than the girls (p<0.01). Conclusion: In the Osijek area, girls are more affected by mental problems than boys, scoring higher on the total scale, as well as on the emotional and hyperactivity scale. Whereas boys scored higher on the conduct and peer relationship scales. The data obtained through this screening allows for further planning of public health measures, preventive activities, treatment, and mental health promotion.
The aim of the study was to compare radiomorphometric indices measured on panoramic radiographs: mandibular cortical width (MCW), panoramic mandibular index (PMI) and mandibular cortical index (MCI) ...with the densitometric values of skeletons in postmenopausal women, as well as and to determine the possibilities of their use in screening for early detection of osteoporosis in risky populations. Radiomorphometric indices were measured on panoramic radiographs of 146 postmenopausal patients, mean age 66.3 (±9.7) years, mean menopausal age 16.3 (±10.6) years. By dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) method were measured bone mineral density of the femur and the lumbar vertebrae (L1–L4). The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the changed densitometric finding, and to distinguish osteopenia and osteoporosis. The examinees with lower densitometric values had significantly lower MCW (3.60 mm) and PMI (0.36 mm) than those with regular densitometric values (p<0.001). The most frequent finding in patients with osteopenia was C2 stage of erosion (69.50%; p<0.001), while the C3 stage of erosion (57.40%; p<0.001) was in osteoporosis patients. When differing the normal from the changed finding of densitometry the results were: MCW – area under the curve (AUC) 0.862, sensitivity 92.04%, specificity 75.76%, resolution point ≤4.39 (p<0.001); for PMI-AUC 0.874, sensitivity 76.11%, specificity 84.85%, resolution point ≤ 0.41 (p<0.001) and for MCI-AUC 0.826, sensitivity 87.6%, specificity 69.7%, resolution point> 1 (p<0.001). For early detection of osteopenia and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in everyday clinical practice, panoramic radiograph as a screening method can be of help.
Cilj istraživanja bio je radiomorfometrijske indekse izmjerene na ortopantomogramu: debljina korteksa mandibule (engl. MCW-Mandibular core width), panoramski mandibularni indeks (engl. PMI Mandibular panoramic index) i mandibularni kortikalni indeks (engl. MCI-Mandibular cortical index) usporediti s denzitometrijom skeleta kod žena u postmenopauzi, te utvrditi mogućnosti njihove uporabe kao pouzdane metode probira za rano otkrivanje osteoporoze u rizičnoj populaciji. Radiomorfometrijski indeksi izmjereni su na panoramskim snimkama kod 146 ispitanica u postmenopauzi, prosječne dobi 66,3 (±9,7) godina i prosječnog trajanja menopauze 16,3 (±10,6) godina. Svim ispitanicama izmjerena je mineralna gustoća kostiju u području vrata bedrene kosti i lumbalne kralježnice (L1-L4) metodom dvoenergetske apsorpciometrije X (engl. DXA-Dual energy X ray absorptiometry). Analiza ROC krivulje (eng. ROC-Receiver Operating Characteristic) korištena je u određivanju promijenjenog denzitometrijskog nalaza, te za razlučivanje osteopenije i osteoporoze. Ispitanice s nižim vrijednostima denzitometrije imale su značajno niže vrijednosti MCW-a (3,60 mm) i PMI-a (0,36 mm) od onih s pravilnim denzitometrijskim vrijednostima (p<0,001). Najčešći nalaz u ispitanica s osteopenijom bio je stadij erozije C2 (69,50%; p <0,001), dok je kod ispitanica s osteoporozom značajno češći bio C3 stupanj erozije (57,40%; p<0,001). Pri razlučivanju normalnog od promijenjenog nalaza denzitometrije dobiveni su slijedeći rezultati: MCW-AUC 0,862, osjetljivost 92,04 %, specifičnost 75,76 %, točka razlučivanja ≤4,39 (p<0,001); za PMI-AUC 0,874, osjetljivost 76,11 %, specifičnost 84,85 %, točka razlučivanja ≤0,41 (p<0,001); i za MCI-AUC 0,826, osjetljivost 87,6 %, specifičnost 69,7%, točka razlučivanja >1 (p<0,001). Na temelju dobivenih rezultata zaključujemo da ortopantomogram može biti od velike pomoći u svakodnevnoj kliničkoj praksi kao metoda probira za rano otkrivanje osteopenije i osteoporoze kod žena u postmenopauzi.
The aim of the study was to examine the overall level of empathy, its affective and cognitive aspects, the level of psychological stress, and to determine the relationship between empathy, emotions ...and psychological stress in nurses and health technicians employed at the Clinical Hospital Center Osijek. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2019 among 152 nurses and health technicians using the authors personally prepared questionnaire, and standard questionnaires BES, PANAS and K10 to evaluate empathy, positive and negative emotions and psychological distress of respondents. Respondents exhibited a middle – a higher degree of total empathy (median 50 and interquartile range of 43–56), with more emphasized affective than cognitive component. Psychological distress was confirmed in 65% of respondents. There was a correlation between affective and cognitive empathy (p<0.001, r = 0.355). People with a higher degree of distress also had more negative emotions that tended to increase with increasing distress (p <0.001, r = 0.426). Healthcare workers are mostly empathic and in a great deal exhibit psychological distress. It is necessary to carry out systematic surveys among health personnel to determine the empathy and distress levels to detect the risk groups who need help with stress prevention.
Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati ukupni stupanj empatije, njen afektivni i kognitivni aspekt, stupanj psihološkog distresa, te utvrditi povezanost između empatije, emocija i psihološkog distresa kod medicinskih sestara i zdravstvenih tehničara zaposlenih u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Osijek. Od ožujka do lipnja 2019. godine provedeno je presječno istraživanje na 152 medicinske sestre i zdravstvenih tehničara uz korištenje upitnika koji je autor osobno izradio, te standardnim upitnicima BES, PANAS i K10 za procjenu empatije, pozitivnih i negativnih emocija i psihološkog distresa kod ispitanika. Ispitanici su pokazali srednji – viši stupanj ukupne empatije (medijan 50 i interkvartilni raspon 43 – 56) s više izraženom afektivnom nego kognitivnom komponentom. Psihološki distres je utvrđen kod 65 % ispitanika. Ispitanici sa višim stupnjem distresa imaju i više negativnih emocija (medijan 23 i interkvartilni raspon 14,5 – 28,5). Porastom distresa, rastu negativne emocije (p < 0,001, r =0,426). Postoji povezanost između afektivne i kognitivne empatije (p < 0,001, r = 0,355) te blaga negativna povezanost između afektivne empatije i psihološkog distresa (p = 0,012 r= – 0,203). Zdravstveni djelatnici su pretežito empatični i imaju u velikoj mjeri prisutan psihološki distres. Potrebno je vršiti sustavno ispitivanje zdravstvenog osoblja na empatiju i distres kako bi se detektirale rizične skupine kojima je potrebna pomoć radi prevencije stresa.
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