Terminal alkynes successfully undergo chelation‐assisted hydroacylation with aldehydes to give branched or linear alkyl α,β‐unsaturated ketones (see scheme).
Many immunosuppressive drugs are prescribed as twice-daily dosing. A simplified once-daily dosing of immunosuppressive drug regimen may improve medication adherence. We investigated medication ...adherence of simplified once-daily immunosuppressive regimen consisting of extended-release tacrolimus, sirolimus, and corticosteroids along with the efficacy and safety of this regimen.
This study was a prospective, multicenter, controlled and cohort trial. Stable kidney transplant recipients who had received transplantation at least 3 months before the study enrollment were eligible for the study. Participants were required to fill-out the self-reported immunosuppressant therapy barrier scale (ITBS) questionnaire before and after the conversion. Other clinical laboratory parameters and adverse events were evaluated until 6 months post-conversion.
A total of 160 kidney recipients comprised the intention-to-treat population. The mean total ITBS score was 19.5 ± 4.0 at pre-conversion and 6 months after converting, the mean total ITBS score was 16.6 ± 3.6 (p < 0.001). Particularly, the ITBS scores of 4 questions related to the frequency of medication dosing were significantly different between pre-conversion and post-conversion. Only 1 patient (0.62%) was diagnosed as biopsy-confirmed acute rejection in the study period. There was no significant change in the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate after the conversion. Overall 95 patients (59.4%) had an adverse event and 28 patients (17.5%) had a serious adverse event. No graft loss and 1 death were reported.
Medication adherence after the conversion to the once-daily immunosuppressive regimen was significantly improved with no additional risks of efficacy failure or adverse events.
Freestanding GaN was grown on sapphire substrate in a horizontal HVPE system, followed by laser lift-off process. The thickness of the freestanding GaN samples was about 350μm. Si was used as an ...n-type dopant and the carrier concentrations were non-destructively measured by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The carrier concentrations of GaN samples were changed from 0.62 to 3.7×1018/cm3 by varying the Si/Ga ratios from 0.01 to 0.04. Crystalline quality of the freestanding GaN was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) values of the rocking curves of the (102) plane was changed from 96.9 to 317.5arcsec depending on Si/Ga ratios. This work provides Si/Ga ratios to obtain various carrier concentrations of the freestanding GaN by HVPE, and proposes micro-Raman spectroscopy as a sensitive technique for carrier concentration measurement.
Double-lumen endobronchial tubes (DLTs) are commonly advanced into the mainstem bronchus either blindly or by fiberoptic bronchoscopic guidance. However, blind advancement may result in misplacement ...of left-sided DLTs into the right bronchus. Therefore, incidence, risk factors, and blind repositioning techniques for right bronchial misplacement of left-sided DLTs were investigated.
This was an observational cohort study performed on the data depository consecutively collected from patients who underwent intubation of left-sided DLTs for 2 years. Patients' clinical and anatomical characteristics were analyzed to investigate risk factors for DLT misplacements with logistic regression analysis. Moreover, when DLTs were misplaced into the right bronchus, the bronchial tube was withdrawn into the trachea and blindly readvanced without rotation, or with 90° or 180° counterclockwise rotation while the patient's head was turned right.
DLTs were inadvertently advanced into the right bronchus in 48 of 1135 (4.2 %) patients. DLT misplacements occurred more frequently in females, in patients of short stature or with narrow trachea and bronchi, and when small-sized DLTs were used. All of these factors were significantly inter-correlated each other (P < 0.001). In 40 of the 48 (83.3 %) patients, blind repositioning was successful.
Smaller left-sided DLTs were more frequently misplaced into the right mainstem bronchus than larger DLTs. Moreover, we were usually able to reposition the misplaced DLTs into the left bronchus by using the blind techniques.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01371773.
Background:
Stroke diagnosis can be challenging in patients with dizziness without neurologic deficits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of C-reactive protein (CRP) for ...identifying acute stroke in such patients.
Methods:
Data from adult patients (>18 years) admitted to the emergency department from August 2019 to February 2020 were evaluated. The study subjects were 1,188 patients presenting with dizziness without neurological deficits whose serum CRP level was measured within 2 h of arriving at the emergency department and who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging. The relationship between CRP and acute stroke was analyzed using univariable and multivariable models.
Results:
Acute stroke was detected in 53 (4.4%) patients (40 with brain infarction, 10 with vertebrobasilar insufficiency, 2 with intracerebral hemorrhage, and 1 with subarachnoid hemorrhage). The CRP levels did not differ significantly between the acute stroke and non-stroke groups 0.10 (0.10–0.31) vs. 0.10 (0.10–0.16),
P
= 0.074. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve of CRP for acute stroke was not statistically significant (0.567,
P
= 0.101). On multivariable analysis, the following variables were associated with acute stroke: age (odds ratio OR, 1.041; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.011–1.071), history of cerebrovascular accidents (OR, 1.823; 95% CI, 1.068–3.110), white blood cell count (OR, 1.126; 95% CI, 1.017–1.248), and hemoglobin (OR, 1.316; 95% CI, 1.056–1.640). However, CRP (
P
= 0.183) was not associated with acute stroke.
Conclusion:
Serum CRP levels do not have significant discriminative value for identifying acute stroke in patients with dizziness without definite neurologic deficits.
A 2-Gb/s integrating decision-feedback equalization (DFE) receiver was implemented for a four-drop single-ended DRAM interface channel by using a 0.25- mum CMOS process. The receiver combines both ...DFE and integration operations in a single receiver circuit so that the DFE operation reduces the intersymbol interference and the integration operation reduces the high-frequency noise. The DFE operation was implemented by switching the capacitance values of the two output nodes of a differential integrator, depending on the previous decision data. A look-ahead scheme was used to reduce the DFE loop delay. A MUX-embedded D flip-flop was used in the look-ahead circuit to further reduce the DFE loop delay and latency. The DFE operation enhanced the voltage margins by 110% and 90% at the 2-Gb/s stubless channel and the 1.2-Gb/s stub series terminated logic channel, respectively. The chip area and the power dissipation of the proposed receiver chip were 220 times 120 mum 2 and 10 mW, respectively, at the data rate of 2 Gb/s.
A 3.8 Gb/s multi-drop single-ended integrating DFE (IDFE) receiver is implemented in a 0.18 um CMOS by using a single-loop LMS-algorithm to find the DFE coefficients automatically. Initially, a ...preamble input data pattern ('1101') is applied to the main IDFE circuit to determine the DFE coefficients, while a fixed input data pattern ('1111') is applied to the replica IDFE circuit. The difference between the outputs of the two IDFE circuits is used in the feedback loop to determine the DFE coefficients. The reference voltage (Vref) of preamplifier is generated inside chip by a Vref loop to reduce the effect of the external noise and the input offset voltage of preamplifier and IDFE circuits and also to track the mid-level of the input data swing in spite of process variations of TX chips. An integrating deskew scheme with a minimum overhead is introduced. 2-drop and 4-drop DRAM channels are tested. The maximum data rate was increased from 1.0 Gb/s to 2.6 Gb/s by DFE in the heavily loaded 4-drop interface, from 3.5 Gb/s to 3.8 Gb/s by DFE in the 2-drop interface.
The consecutive chelation‐assisted hydroacylation and ortho‐alkylation of aromatic aldehydes proceed with a cocatalytic system of a RhI complex, 2‐amino‐3‐picoline, and benzylamine (see picture).
Metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes separated by dielectrophoresis in a microfluidic channel.
•The metallic SWNTs were separated by dielectrophoresis in a microfluidic channel.•The microfluidic ...chip was designed to prevent deposition of carbon nanotubes.•The fluidic condition was determined to avoid diffusive and convective mixing.•The separated carbon nanotubes preserved high crystalline quality.
Electronic type-dependent separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), preserving pristine crystallinity and length, is of great interest since mixtures of semiconducting and metallic species are produced by current synthesis methods. Here we separated highly-enriched metallic SWNTs, synthesized by the arc-discharge method, by dielectrophoresis in a microfluidic channel. The design of microelectrodes was optimized to prevent the nanotube deposition on the electrodes for prolonged operation of the microfluidic chip. The average length of separated highly crystalline metallic SWNTs was relatively long (2–2.4μm).
The offshore plant equipment usually has a long life cycle. During its O&M (Operation and Maintenance) phase, since the accidental occurrence of offshore plant equipment causes catastrophic damage, ...it is necessary to make more efforts for managing critical offshore equipment. Nowadays, due to the emerging ICTs (Information Communication Technologies), it is possible to send health monitoring information to administrator of an offshore plant, which leads to much concern on CBM (Condition-Based Maintenance). This study introduces three approaches for predicting the next failure time of offshore plant equipment (gas compressor) with case studies, which are based on finite state continuous time Markov model, linear regression method, and their hybrid model.
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