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•Two-stage tectonic evolution of the faulted basins around the Ordos Block is rebuilt in the Cenozoic.•The periphery of the Ordos Block is presented by pure shear deformation at the ...early stage and simple shear deformation at the late stage.•The neotectonics of the periphery of the Ordos Block is originated from different driving.
The multiphase intensive intra-continental deformation of the Eurasian continent in the Cenozoic caused by Indo–Asian and Pacific–Asian collisions has been studied extensively. However, its Cenozoic intra-continental deformation process and dynamics remains poorly constrained. The western North China Plate of the Eurasian continent is characteristic of the Cenozoic faulted basin system around Ordos Block, and is a critical region to determine this deformation process. Here, new structural data and fault kinematic analysis, coupled with new geochronological results, delineate a two-stage Cenozoic tectonic evolution in the region, providing new structural evidence to decipher the intra-continental deformation due to Indo–Asian and Pacific–Asian collisions. The first stage is characterized by the formation of faulted basins in the northwestern and southeastern margins of the Ordos Block, dominated by a pure-shear mechanism. This stage further comprises the NW–SE extension spanning the Eocene to Late Miocene (ca. 10.5 Ma), and the subsequent basin inversion triggered by the NW–SE compression during the Late Miocene (ca. 10.5-9.5 Ma). Its tectonism is associated mainly with the far-field effect of the northwestward subduction of the Pacific Plate. The second stage is characterized by the development of the Shanxi and Hetao Basins in the eastern and northern parts of the Ordos Block, respectively, and an intensive mountain-building process in the western part since the Late Miocene (ca. 9.5 Ma), which is connected with a simple-shear mechanism. This stage is furthermore divided into three alternating episodes of shortening and extension events. These resulted predominantly from far-field responses to the northeastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau and partially from the Pacific subduction.
Job shop scheduling always plays an important role in the manufacturing process and is one of the decisive factors influencing manufacturing efficiency. In the actual process of production ...scheduling, there exist some uncertain events, information asymmetry, and abnormal disturbance, which would cause the execution deviation and affect the efficiency and quality of scheduling execution. Traditional scheduling methods are not sufficient to solve the challenges well. Due to the rise of digital twin, which has the characters of virtual reality interaction, real-time mapping, and symbiotic evolution, a new job shop scheduling method based on digital twin is proposed to reduce the scheduling deviation. In this article, the architecture and working principle of the new job shop scheduling mode are introduced. Then, scheduling resource parameter updating methods and dynamic interactive scheduling strategies are proposed to achieve real-time and precise scheduling. Finally, a prototype system is designed to verify the validity of this new job shop scheduling mode.
•The Langshan Group in the northeastern Alxa block formed in the Neoproterozoic.•The provenance of the Langshan Group came from both the Alxa block and the NCC.•The Alxa block and the NCC were ...connected until the Neoproterozoic.
The relationship between the Alxa block and the North China Craton (NCC) is one of the controversial tectonic issues in China. The age spectra of detrital zircons from sedimentary rocks may help resolve the tectonic affinity of the Alxa block. The Langshan terrane is located in the northeast margin of the Alxa block which is connected to the northwest margin of the NCC. Detailed U–Pb dating of zircon from the meta-volcanic rocks and meta-sedimentary rocks of the Precambrian Langshan group shows that the Langshan Group formed in the Neoproterozoic. The evidence includes the zircon age of 804.1±3.5Ma for the meta-volcanic rocks and the youngest detrital zircon age peak at 1187-810Ma for the meta-sedimentary rocks. The detrital zircon age patterns of the Langshan group and Precambrian strata of the Alxa block and the NCC are similar. The older and younger detrital zircon age peaks of the Langshan group are comparable to those of the NCC and the Alxa block, respectively. The 1.7-1.5Ga detrital zircons in the Langshan Group, which might be derived from the “Zhaertai-Bayan Obo-Huade” Mesoproterozoic rift system in the northern margin of the NCC, are not found in the Precambrian strata of the Alxa block. The detrital zircon age peaks of the Langshan group are well correlated to the known Precambrian tectono-thermal events that affected both the Alxa block and the NCC. The development of the Langshan Neoproterozoic rift system is shown by the contemporaneous magmatism in the Alxa block and the adjacent NCC. The results from this study indicate that the Alxa block and the NCC were together in the Neoproterozoic.
•The Bayanwulashan Metamorphic Complex was formed in the Early Paleoproterozoic, not in the Archean.•It was subjected to two metamorphic events at ca. 1.94–1.91Ga and ca. 1.88–1.86Ga.•The Alxa Block ...joined the NCC with the final amalgamation at ca. 1.85Ga.
The Bayanwulashan Metamorphic Complex (BMC) exposes along the eastern margin of the Alxa Block, the westernmost part of the North China Craton (NCC). BMC is principally composed of metamorphic rocks with amphibole plagiogneiss, biotite plagioclase gneiss and granitic gneiss. Our research has been focused on the petrography and zircon U–Pb geochronology of the BMC to better understand the evolution of the Alxa Block and its relationship with the NCC. Evidences from field geology, petrography, and mineral chemistry indicate that two distinct metamorphic assemblages, the amphibolite and greenschist facies, had overprinted the preexisting granitic gneiss and suggest that the BMC experienced retrograde metamorphic episodes. The LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb ages reveal that the primary magmatic activities of BMC were at ca. 2.30–2.24Ga and the two metamorphic events were at ca. 1.95–1.91Ga and ca. 1.88–1.85Ga respectively. These ages indicate that BMC initially intruded during Paleoproterozoic, not as previously suggested at Archean period. The Early Paleoproterozoic metamorphic records and the magmatic thermochronological data in BMC exhibit different evolution paths between the Alxa Block and the NCC. The Alxa Block was most likely an independent Early Paleoproterozoic terrain. Following different amalgamation processes, The Alxa Block combined with Western Block at ca. 1.95Ga and then united with NCC at ca. 1.85Ga.
Fault diagnosis is one of the important applications of edge computing in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). To address the issue that traditional fault diagnosis methods often struggle to ...effectively extract fault features, this paper proposes a novel rolling bearing fault diagnosis method that integrates Gramian Angular Field (GAF), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Vision Transformer (ViT). First, GAF is used to convert one-dimensional vibration signals from sensors into two-dimensional images, effectively retaining the fault features of the vibration signal. Then, the CNN branch is used to extract the local features of the image, which are combined with the global features extracted by the ViT branch to diagnose the bearing fault. The effectiveness of this method is validated with two datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves average accuracies of 99.79% and 99.63% on the CWRU and XJTU-SY rolling bearing fault datasets, respectively. Compared with several widely used fault diagnosis methods, the proposed method achieves higher accuracy for different fault classifications, providing reliable technical support for performing complex fault diagnosis on edge devices.
Soil microorganisms play an important role in the ecosystem, and have a certain relationship with the continuous cropping obstacles, which are common with sweet potato. However, there are few reports ...on the effects of continuous cropping of sweet potato on the microbial community structure in the rhizospheric soil. Here, we investigated the effects of continuous cropping of sweet potato on the fungal community structure in rhizospheric soil, in order to provide theoretical basis for prevention and control of continuous cropping obstacles. This study used X18 and Y138 varieties as experimental materials. Soil samples were collected during the early period of planting and harvest in two consecutive years, and fungi were analyzed using Illumina Miseq. Results showed that the fungi diversity and richness in rhizospheric soil of X18 and Y138 were significantly increased after continuous cropping; the most dominant fungi phylum was Ascomycota, which decreased significantly after continuous cropping. In addition, the content of beneficial fungi such as
Chaetomium
was reduced, while that of harmful fungi such as
Verticillium
,
Fusarium
, and
Colletotrichum
were increased. The composition of X18 and Y138 fungal community in the same sampling period after continuous cropping was similar, although that of the same sweet potato variety significantly differed with the sampling period. Overall, our results indicate that continuous cropping alters the fungal community structure of the sweet potato rhizospheric soil, such that the content of beneficial fungi decrease, while that of harmful fungi increase, thereby increasing soil-borne diseases and reducing the yield and quality of sweet potato. Furthermore, these effects are different for different sweet potato varieties. Thus, during actual production, attention should be paid to maintain the stability of sweet potato rhizospheric soil micro-ecology through rotation or application of microbial fertilizers and soil amendments to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles.
Meat quality characteristics, including juiciness, flavor, and tenderness, can be mostly attributed to the total muscle fat content, intramuscular fat (IMF), and the composition of its fatty acids, ...which are regulated by the balance between lipid uptake, transport, synthesis, and subsequent metabolism, involving many genes and pathways. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify the key signaling pathways related to chicken meat quality, and to provide help for improving chicken meat quality. The present study reports the RNA-sequencing analysis of pectorales and crureus of the Zhuanghe dagu chicken and the Arbor Acres Broiler chicken (AA chicken). We identified certain differentially expressed genes that affect IMF deposition, such as EHHADH, TECRL, NDUFAB1, PCCB, and HIBCH, which were upregulated in Zhuanghe dagu chicken , and GCDH, TPI1, ABHD13, PSMC1, MYST2, and FBXO11, which were upregulated in AA chickens. Pathway analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes indicated that the extracellular matrix (ECM)–receptor interaction pathway is co-enriched in both tissues, and forms a sub-pathway of other enriched pathways. Intriguingly, the ECM–receptor interaction pathway genes are regulated differently in different gene pools. Collagens, which are main ECM constituents, and laminin and integrin β1 transmembrane receptors were significantly downregulated in both tissues of the AA chicken. The results showed that the ECM-receptor interaction pathway affect the quality of chicken meat by affecting the metabolism of intramuscular adipocytes. Further investigation of this signaling pathway will be helpful to the improvement of chicken meat quality.
Drainage divides play significant roles in shaping landscapes. Nevertheless, they are not static through space and time. Previous numerical models have demonstrated divide motions in response to ...asymmetric tectonic uplift. However, natural examples that have nicely recorded these processes and hence could verify the results of numerical simulations are still lacking. In this contribution, we integrate the results of digital elevation models (DEMs)-based morphotectonic analysis with the tectonic landforms observed during field surveys to investigate the status of topography and probable drainage evolution history of the Wula Shan (Shan means ‘Mountain(s)’ in Chinese), a roughly west-east trending horst block bounded by normal faults in the Hetao Graben, North China. The results demonstrate that the differences of obtained geomorphic indices are significant between the southern and northern drainage basins; higher hypsometric integral (HI) and normalized channel steepness (ksn) values, and lower ratios of valley floor width to valley height (VF) indicate higher tectonic uplift rate at the southern flank. The main divide of the Wula Shan had migrated northward, which was probably caused by the decrease of asymmetry in vertical uplift associated with the margin faults. We suggest the results of this study may shed new light on divide mobility as well as landscape evolution in actively extending regions.
Geological evidence and precise age constraints for faulting events during the Holocene are vital for assessing the seismic potential of active faults, especially in regions lacking instrumental and ...historical records of earthquakes. For this study, we constrained the timing and recurrence intervals of Holocene paleo-earthquakes along the ~160-km-long NE–SW-trending Langshan Piedmont Fault (LPF), which forms the NW boundary of the Hetao Graben, North China. The results of outcrop observations and radiocarbon dating reveal that: 1) at least four surface-rupturing earthquakes occurred during the past ~9810yr with an average recurrence interval of ~2450yr; 2) the most recent earthquake (MRE) probably took place within the past ~1880yr; 3) rupturing of the entire LPF could produce an earthquake of Mw ~7.8, posing a significant seismic risk in the region of the western Hetao Graben. We suggest that more detailed paleoseismological studies on the active LPF are needed, in order to have a better understanding of its seismogenic behavior.
•We examined the paleoseismicity of the Langshan Piedmont Fault (LPF).•4 paleo-earthquakes with repeat time of ~2450yr occurred in the past ~9810yr.•The most recent earthquake (MRE) probably took place in the last ~1880yr.•Rupture of the entire LPF could source an earthquake of Mw 7.8.
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•The development of basins in the Luxi Block are closely related to the Tan–Lu Fault Zone.•The basins in the Luxi Block were involved in NE–SW compression (150–145 Ma), NE–SW ...extension (145–122 Ma) and N–S extension (63–32 Ma).•The Tan–Lu Fault Zone experienced sinistral strike-slip, normal faulting and dextral strike-slip in Late Jurassic–Paleogene.•The change from compression to extension at ∼145 Ma in the Luxi Block represents the initiation of craton destruction.
The Tan–Lu fault zone (TLFZ), a lithosphere-scale fault in the eastern North China Craton (NCC), experienced multi-stage evolution characterized by alternating extension and strike-slip faulting in different tectonic setting. A series of Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary basins striking NW–SE to nearly E–W are distributed in the Luxi Block (LXB) to the west of the TLFZ. Recently, based on detailed fieldwork focusing on the sedimentary features and the boundary faults of these basins, the genetic relationship between basins and the TLFZ is disclosed in this study. The basins in the LXB were formed in the Late Jurassic–Paleogene, which were controlled by E–W and NW-SE-trending boundary faults. They were filled by the Late Jurassic fluvial coarse clastic rocks, the Early Cretaceous volcanic-clastic rocks, and the Paleogene fluvio-lacustrine sediments. Combined with the fault geochronology and paleo-stress restoration, three evolutionary stages are proposed: NE–SW compression in the Late Jurassic (150–145 Ma), NE–SW extension in the Early Cretaceous (145–122 Ma), and the N–S extension in the Paleogene (63–32 Ma), which were associated with the sinistral strike-slip faulting, extensional rifting, and dextral strike-slip faulting of the TLFZ, respectively. The basin evolution implies that the kinematic transition of the TLFZ occurred at the Earliest Cretaceous (∼145 Ma) and Early Paleogene (∼63 Ma). The tectono-transition from compression to extension in the LXB at ∼145 Ma might indicate the initiation of destruction of the NCC due to the adjustment from continental collision between the NCC and the South China Block (SCB) to back-arc extension of the Paleo-Pacific plate. The variation of extensional stress orientation in the Paleogene is interpreted to be related to the change of subduction direction of the Paleo-Pacific plate.
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